• Title/Summary/Keyword: i-motif

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Sequences and Phylogenic Analysis of Squid New Kinesin Superfamily Proteins (KIFs) (오징어과의 Kinesin Superfamily Proteins (KIFs)의 유전자분석 및 계통분석)

  • Kim, Sang-Jin;Seog, Dae-Hyun
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.293-297
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    • 2012
  • The movement of vesicles from the neuronal cell body to specific destinations requires molecular motors. The squid giant axon represents a powerful model for studies of the axonal transport mechanism because the axoplasm can readily be separated from the sheath by simple extrusion. In a previous study, vesicular movements in the axoplasm of the squid giant axon were inhibited by the kinesin antibody. In the present study, we cloned and sequenced the cDNAs for squid brain KIFs. Amplification of the conserved nucleotide sequences of the motor domain by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using first-strand cDNAs of the squid optic lobe identified six new KIF proteins. Motif analysis of the motor domains revealed that the squid KIFs are homologous to the consensus sequences of the mouse KIFs. The phylogenetic tree generated by using the maximum parsimony (MP) method, the neighbor-joining (NJ) method, the minimum evolution (ME) method, and the maximum likelihood (ML) method showed that squid KIFs are closest to mouse KIFs. These data prove the phylogenetic relationships between squid KIFs and mouse ones.

A Study on the BI Strategies for International Competitiveness of the Cosmetic Industry: A Focus on the Image Analysis and Design Development for the Uniforms of Korean Cosmetic Brands (화장품 산업 국제경쟁력 강화를 위한 BI 전략 연구: 화장품 브랜드의 유니폼 이미지 분석 및 디자인 개발을 중심으로)

  • Chung, Kyunghee;Lee, Misuk
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.103-117
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the uniform image of Korean herbal cosmetic brands amongst Korean and Chinese consumers. This study would enable us to explore a BI strategy to enhance international competitiveness of Korean herbal cosmetics brands. The results were as follows. The key words of BI pursued by Sulwhasoo were dignified, novel, graceful, soft, gaily, natural, Korean, modern, and international. Korean people felt that the uniform was graceful and soft, which accorded with Sulwhasoo BI, but also it was trite and dingy, indicating a negative and opposing image. On the other hand, Chinese people felt that the uniform was dignified, novel, graceful, natural, modern, and international, indicating that it matched with Sulwhasoo BI. In The History of Whoo, the key words of BI pursued by the brand were precious, soft, gorgeous, gaily, and natural. The Koreans felt that the uniform was intelligent, and decent, but conversely, it was also austere and dingy, indicating a negative image. The Chinese felt that the uniform was common, hard, austere, dingy, and unnatural, indicating an opposing image to BI. Finally, a uniform design was developed to improve on its problems, establish The History of Whoo's brand identity, and its brand image. First of all, 'The Quintessence : noble passion' was set up as a developmental concept. The textiles, clothing, and accessories were designed using the symbolic elements from The History of Whoo as a motif. Uniforms were developed for spring, fall, and summer.

A Study on Expression of Contemporary Ceramic Decoration Using Pop Art (팝아트 기법을 활용한 현대 도자 장식 표현 연구)

  • Choi, Jung-Hwa;Choi, Yoon-Jung
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.16 no.11
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    • pp.447-454
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the historical background and characteristics of pop art style and motif expressions in the works of artists by analyzing the theoretical study of pop art and analyze how the expression characteristics are applied to ceramic works. As a result of the analysis of the work, various images of everyday objects in popular culture are expressed in various ways such as bright and colorful colors, silk screen, lettering, photo montage, cartoon expression, object, collage, decoupage, It is believed that the art of ceramics will be created as a creative work that reinterprets the artistic value rather than reproducing the art based on the technique of pop art. I look forward to the development.

Emotional Machines That Attract Human (인간을 매혹한 감정 기계)

  • Oh, Youn-Ho
    • Journal of Popular Narrative
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.9-32
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    • 2019
  • This paper tried to analyze the post-human phenomenon of our age with a focus on the 'emotional machine' motif. The post-humans of our time are closely linked to the creatures in very old storie. The post-human concept is based on the universal and intellectual imagination of humanity that is shared beyond humanities and technical civilizations, cultural and historical boundaries between East and West. This paper is about the creatures from mythical stories that have fascinated human beings, the mechanical humans who brought fear through the sophisticated mechanism of technology civilization era, the post humans. Through my process of looking at the post humans, I sought to clarify the conditions of the sensitivity and humanity of the age. In the process, we come to understand the vagueness of the boundaries between human beings, nature, and machines, and study the coexistence of humans, nature, and machines in the post-human era of the 21st century, beyond the limitations of human-centered humanity.

Fernand Khnopff's Belgian Symbolism and Nationalism in I Lock My Door upon Myself (페르낭 크노프(Fernand Khnopff)의 작품에 나타난 벨기에 상징주의와 내셔널리즘)

  • Chung, Y.-Shim
    • The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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    • no.9
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    • pp.171-193
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    • 2010
  • This paper examines Fernand Khnopff's Symbolism, focusing on the I Lock My Door upon Myself as a manifesto of his artistic credo in style and theme. Its title was originally in English, originating from the poem "Who Shall Deliver Me?" by Dante Gabriel Rossetti's sister Christina Rossetti. I use the term "Social Symbolism" which combines a nationalist perspective with traditional French Symbolism, in order to explain how the image of Bruges is represented in his oeuvre. Symbolism calls for psychological introspection evoking death, love, silence, and solitude and recluse from realty in pursuit of the Unknown and the Ideal. Although Khnopff shared this idea, he departed from symbolist tradition by incorporating a political milieu in his paintings. First, I discuss Khnopff's early stage in the formation of his artistic concept, including his family background as well as his early opportunity to visit the Exposition Universelle in Paris where he formed his early interests in aesthetics, philosophy, literature, mythology and Egyptian art. His early works, La Painture, la Musique, la Poesie(1880-1881), Le Crise(1881), and En ecoutant Schuman(1883) reveal his favorite subjects which were quite prevalent in the symbolist traditions of both Belgium and France. By looking at Khnopff's paintings, I endeavor to situate his Symbolism in the context of the development of Belgian modernity and cultural nationalism. Second, my analysis of Khnopff creates a new overview of Symbolism in Europe, especially in Belgium. In the absence of socio-political integration, the Symbolist painter adds nostalgic meaning to the landscape of Bruges. The scene of Bruges illuminates the social atmosphere in Belgium at that time. Since Belgium became an independent country, it tried to differentiate its own cultural and national identity from France. There was a powerful social movement for Belgium to claim its own identity, language, and culture. Bruges was, for Symbolists, the epitome of Belgium's past glory. This encouraged the formation of Belgian nationalism centering on Brussels, as I demonstrate in Khnopff's Bruges-la-Morte(1892). The relationship between Symbolist artist and writers is crucial for understanding this development. Khnopff, for instance, illustrated or provided frontispieces for many Symbolist writers such as Rodenbach, Peladan, Spencer and Le Roy. Khnopff did not objectify the exact meaning, but rather provided his own subjective interpretation. In this respect, I Lock My Door, inspired by Rossetti, started from the same motif, but Khnopff seeked escape into silence and death while Rossetti searched for Christian salvation. Finally my paper deals with the social context in which Khnopff worked. He was a founding member of Les XX in 1883 and later La Libre Esthethetique he also participated in the exhibition of le Salon de la Rose + Croix. Les XX was not a particular school of art and did not have a uniform manifesto, but its exhibitions focused on decorative arts by encompassing art for all people via common, everyday objects. The Periodical, L'art moderne was founded to support this ideal by Edmond Picard and Maux. Les XX declared art as independent art, detached from all official connections. Khnopff designed the 1890 catalogue cover of Les XX and the 1891 cover. These designs show decorative element of Art Nouveau in an early example of "modern poster." Les XX pursued all art including graphic arts, prints, placard, posters and book illustrations and design. These forms of art were l'art social and this movement was formed by the social atmosphere in Belgium in terms of social reforms and strikes by working class. Khnopff designed the book cover for la Maison du Peuple. The artist, however, did not share the ideal egalitarianism of the working class to a certain degree, while he was working in his villa he designed under the ideal motto, "on n'a pas que," he expressed the nihilistic emotions toward society by the theme of interiority such as solitude, silence, narcissism, introspection, and introversion. In the middle of his Symbolism, we find the "cultural nostalgia" or longing that the artist develops in the I Lock My Door upon Myself. Khnopff's longing toward the lost city of "Bruges" form the crux of his "Social Symbolism."

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Representation Contents of Basic Design Elements in Patterns of Fashion Design (패션디자인의 문양에 있어서 기초조형요소의 표현내용)

  • Cho, Jung-Mee
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.196-207
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    • 2012
  • This paper aims to study the representation of basic design elements in patterns of fashion design by analyzing the examples and trends of how basic design elements have been represented in major collections of fashion designers, thereby contribute to enhancing the awareness of the importance of basic design elements in the field of fashion design education. In order to accomplish this goal, utilizing the fundamental concepts and principles of basic design elements, we have analyzed the examples and trends of representation of basic design elements, focusing on the design works of fashion designers from the 2000 collections to the 2010 collections that can be viewed to have been directly inspired by three basic design elements. The result of the analysis shows that there was a popular trend of emphasizing basic design elements as a design motif particularly from the 2000 s/s collections to the 2004 s/s collections. In these collections, we have found a wide range of design works that were inspired by the three basic design elements of dots, lines, and faces. Designers such as Jil Sander, Bill Blass, ..., etc. produced diverse designs that emphasized dots with various feeling of space, weight and texture. The collections by I.S.Suano Kuwahar, ..., etc. were based on the concept of coordinating the design element of lines with various textures. Vestium Officina, Loewe, ..., etc. produced the designs where faces were divided by lines in various ways and various forms of faces were decorated with diverse colors.

Calmodulin of Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus : Cloning and Expression Analysis

  • Hong, Gyeong-Eun;Kong, Hee Jeong;Nam, Bo-Hye;Kim, Young-Ok;Kim, Woo-Jin;Lee, Sang-Jun;Choi, Tae-Jin
    • Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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    • v.2 no.4
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    • pp.234-237
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    • 2007
  • Calmodulin (CaM) is a $Ca^{2+}$-binding protein essential for biological functions mediated through $Ca^{2+}$-dependent mechanism. A cDNA clone for CaM was isolated from a cDNA library of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The CaM cDNA concists of 782 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 149 amino acids with four $Ca^{2+}$-binding motifs EF-hands (EF-I, EF-II, EF-III, and EF-IV). The deduced amino acid sequence of CaM shows 97-100% amino acid sequence identity to other CaM sequences. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the CaM transcription was began during early development and the CaM mRNA is expressed highly in brain and intestine, and moderately in kidney, gill, and eye of healthy olive flounder. Taken together, CaM may be necessary for early olive flounder development and that it may have a part in homeostasis.

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Genetic Characterization of H7-subtype Avian Influenza Viruses (H7 아형 조류인플루엔자 바이러스의 유전자 특성)

  • Yeo, Jiin;Kwon, Hyuk-Moo;Sung, Haan-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.173-183
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    • 2019
  • Based on their virulence, the avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are classified into two pathotypes: low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. Among the 16 HA subtypes of AIV, only the H5 and H7 subtypes are classified as HPAI. Some AIVs, including H5 and H7 viruses, can infect humans directly. Six H7 subtype isolates from wild birds of the H7N7 (n=4) and H7N1 (n=2) subtypes were characterized in this study. Phylogenetic analysis showed that eight viral genes (HA, NA, PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS) of the H7 isolates clustered in the Eurasian lineage, the genetic diversity of which is indicated by its division into several sublineages. The Korean H7 isolates had two motifs, PEIPKGR and PELPKGR, at the HA cleavage site, which have been associated with LPAI viruses. Six H7 isolates encoded glutamine (Q) and glycine (G) at positions 226 (H3 numbering) and 228 of HA, suggesting avian-type receptor-binding specificity. None of the Korean H7 isolates had the amino acid substitutions E627K in PB2 and I368V in PB1, which are critical for efficient replication in human cells. The Korean H7 isolates showed no deletions in the NA stalk region and in NS. These results suggest that the Korean H7 isolates from wild birds are different from the H7N9 influenza viruses isolated in China in 2013, which are capable of infecting humans.

Immunostimulatory activity of hydrolyzed and fermented Platycodon grandiflorum extract occurs via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells

  • Jae In, Jung;Hyun Sook, Lee;So Mi, Kim;Soyeon, Kim;Jihoon, Lim;Moonjea, Woo;Eun Ji, Kim
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.685-699
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    • 2022
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has long been known as a medicinal herb effective in various diseases, including bronchitis and asthma, but is still more widely used for food. Fermentation methods are being applied to increase the pharmacological composition of PG extracts and commercialize them with high added value. This study examines the hydrolyzed and fermented PG extract (HFPGE) fermented with Lactobacillus casei in RAW 264.7 cells, and investigates the effect of amplifying the immune and the probable molecular mechanism. MATERIALS/METHODS: HFPGE's total phenolic, flavonoid, saponin, and platycodin D contents were analyzed by colorimetric analysis or high-performance liquid chromatography. Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay. Phagocytic activity was analyzed by a phagocytosis assay kit, nitric oxide (NO) production by a Griess reagent system, and cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cytokines were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, whereas MAPK and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation were analyzed by Western blots. RESULTS: Compared to PGE, HFPGE was determined to contain 13.76 times and 6.69 times higher contents of crude saponin and platycodin D, respectively. HFPGE promoted cell proliferation and phagocytosis in RAW 264.7 cells and regulated the NO production and iNOS expression. Treatment with HFPGE also resulted in increased production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand10, granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and the mRNA expressions of these cytokines. HFPGE also resulted in significantly increasing the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results imply that fermentation and hydrolysis result in the extraction of more active ingredients of PG. Furthermore, we determined that HFPGE exerts immunostimulatory activity via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Kangjeungsan(姜甑山)'s Embracement of Chinese Myth and It's Meaning (강증산(姜甑山)의 중국신화 수용과 그 의미)

  • Jung, Jae-seo
    • Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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    • v.25_1
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    • pp.1-22
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    • 2015
  • This paper took Jeonkyeong (典經) of Daesunjinrihoe(大巡眞理會) as the basic text and studied how Kangjeungsan(姜甑山), the Sangje (上帝), had embraced Chinese myth in process of formation of his religious thought focusing on Yan Emperor(炎帝) Shennong(神農) myth and Shanrangang(禪讓) myth (namely Danchu myth). First when we examine the myth surrounding Kangjeungsan's birth, it deeply emraced a feeling-birth myth(感生神話), we could realize that this is a universe motif through myth of hero birth in East Asia. Further judging from the analysis of geographic space of Kangjeungsan's activity, it included a variety of mythical and Daoist related place names. I think this is because of the fact that birth place of Kangjeungsan and the surrounding area is the locality of Xian(仙) tradition where major characters of Danhak sect(丹學派) have been turned out, and that Korean way of Xian suppressed by the regulatory system has been widely rooted in the public. Especially it's interesting that Jeungsan, the pen name of Kangjeungsan, ambiguously connotes Siru mountain(甑山), a place of his training, and the spiritual realm of the 『Zhouyicantongqi(周易參同契)』. Then I examined the God of fire Shennong myth which has been actively admitted and embraced by Kangjeungsan. Kangjeungsan put the root of his pedigree on Shennong and there is a close affinity between Shennong and Dongyi(東夷) such as Buyeo(夫餘), Goguryeo(高句麗), etc. These Dongyi spirits are losers against the Chinese major myth and beings of ressentiment. At the same time the predecessor of Jiutianyingyuanleishengpuhuatianzun(九天應元雷聲普化天尊) who shares mythical characteristics with the God of fire Shennong was a formerly Taishi(太師) Wenzhong(聞仲) of Yin(殷) dynasty. He was defeated and died by Zhou(周) dynasty, and was deified. The fact that Kangjeungsan regarded himself as a descendent of Shennong and possessed divinity of Jiutianyingyuanleishengpuhuatianzun connotes that he represents all beings of ressentiment such as family of Yin and Dongyi. However, Kangjeungsan set a religious milestone by turning revenge for such ressentiment at tribe level into religious sublimation. At the end Shanrang myth which has been critically embraced by Kangjeungsan was reviewed. According to the existing Shanrang myth, Danchu(丹朱) was unworthy and not succeeded in the succession to the throne. Then good natured Emperor Shun(舜) succeeded to the throne from Emperor Yao(堯). However, the reality of Shanrang myth was a violent change of sovereign power and Danchu was a victim in the process of such violent change. Kangjeungsan shrewdly grasped the reality of ancient China and cast light on presence of Danchu. And he emphasized the need of religious sublimation of revenge, Haewon(解冤). His such awareness of culture had a close relation with revisionist standpoint of independent Danhak sect expressing a skeptical glance at systematic, commensurate and authentic historical view of Chinese civilization. And further Kangjeungsan cosmologically and causationally reinterpreted revenge of Danchu. He established a universal salvation theology which has a corresponsive connotation in regard to embracement of Shennong myth. In conclusion, embracement of Chinese myth by Kangjeungsan was a creative work of reinterpretation resulting in an inherent religious connotation through a process of appropriation, that is independent and selective introjection.