• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.63-89
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• 1996

This study has been done for the purpose of determining whether the positive association between social support and depression is attributable to an overall beneficial effect of support(direct effect) or to a process of support protecting persons from adverse effects of stressors such as life events, pain or physical disability (buffering effect). The sample consisted of 214 patients who were identified as the rheumatoid arthritis. The instruments used in this study were Depression Scale(CES-D), Perceived Social Support Scale, Life Events Questionnaire, AIMS Pain Scale, and Physical Disability Scale. The data were analysed by the use of t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of this study are summerized as follows : 1. The 1st hypothesis, "The higher the life events degree, the higher the depression degree" was supported(r=.49, P=.0001). 2. The 2nd hypothesis, "The higher the pain degree, the higher the depression degree" was supported(r=.44, P=.0001). 3. The 3rd hypothesis, "The higher the physical disability degree, the higher the depression degree" was supported (r=.46, P=.0001). 4. The 4th hypothesis, "The higher the social support degree, the lower the depression degree" was supported(F=84.52, P=.0001). 5. The 5th hypothesis, "There will be different in the relationship between the degrees of life events and depression according to social support degree" was rejected (F=.29, P=.5928). 6. The 6th hypothesis, "There will be different in the relationship between the degrees of pain and depression according to social support degree" was supported (F=3.19, P=.0755). 7. The 7th hypothesis, "There will be different in the relationship between the degrees of physical disability and depression according to social support degree" was supported(F=5.69, P=.018). 8. The predictive variables for depression were the degrees for social support, life events, pain, and physical disability. 9. The depression degree showed a inverse correlation with social support degree (r=-.56, p=.0001). The social support degree showed a inverse correlation with the degrees of life events(r=-.22, p=.0007), pain(r=-.18, p=.0069) and physical disability(r=-.15, p=.0293). 10. The depression degree showed significant differences in the variables of sex (t=2.26, p=.025), educational level(r=.189, P=.006) and the number of treatment method (r=.201, P=.003). In conclusion, it was found that social support had the direct effect on depression and the buffering effect in each relationship between degrees of pain or physical disability and depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. So the researcher thinks that it is effective that nurses should provide these patients with social support to reduce depression in cases of having severe pain or physical disability.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.79-91
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• 2019

In the entertainment industry, risk management is crucial for securing competitiveness due to the risk of investment. The competitiveness of contents is reinforced when external factors such as industrial environment and internal factors centering on involving mechanism are simultaneously provided. The involving mechanism is a form of cognitive response behavior of the audience and occurs through signal processing of the brain when watching the image contents. The signal processing of the brain related to the contents watching is mainly performed in the working memory area, and in the case of the captivating movie, the information other than the contents transmitted to the audience is blocked to generate a temporary dissociation state. A dissociation state similar to a symptom such as hypnosis or amnesia occurs when the audience's level of involving is high. On the other hand, contents information in which the audience is concentrating his attention is used intensively for constructing future thinking through an episodic buffer while the inflow of external information is relatively blocked or delayed. The spectator's future thinking configuration takes the form of a hypothesis-forming activity and is based on the predictability of the brain. When these hypothesized behaviors correspond to the problem solving simulation of story and predictability which is an evolutionary function of the brain, the audience' s brain is involved in the contents at a high level. In order for the act to be effective, the factors such as the background of the hypothesis, the subject of the hypothesis, the internal information of the person, the type and position and quantity of the hypothesis information, and the hypothesis relevance and type of information are important. Based on these factors, analysis of the Kim Eun Sook Drama 'Goblin' shows that the above elements are operated in a very organic and meaningful way.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.493-503
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• 2018

The present study is a conceptual replication of O'Grady, Lee, and Choo's (2003) earlier study designed to investigate two hypotheses (linear distance hypothesis vs. structural distance hypothesis) in relation to L2 Korean learners' processing of Korean subject and object relative clauses (RCs) in a scholarly attempt to explicate Keenan and Comrie's (1977) Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy (NPAH). In addition, the current study is intended to explore any potential role of working memory capacity (WMC) in the processing of Korean subject and/or object RCs. Chinese-speaking learners of Korean taking a language course offered at a local university in Korea participated in this experimental study. Among those recruited, only 23 learners completed the experimental tasks appropriately according to the specific instructions provided on each task, and thus, subsequent statistical analyses were conducted on their data. Fifteen Korean NSs were also recruited for the control group. Two experimental tasks were administerd to the participants: one picture selection task containing the same test items used in O'Grady et al.'s study to measure their processing of subject-object RCs and an operation span (OSPAN) task to measure their WMC. Somewhat differently from O'Grady et al.'s findings, the participating Chinese learners of Korean performed significantly better on object RCs than on subject RCs, seemingly lending support to the linear distance hypothesis. Further analyses, however, suggested that the results in favor of, or relative ease of processing, object relative clauses were due, most likely, to the learners' excessive use of the canonical sentence strategy, which also led to nonsignificant correlations between WMC and learner performance on the picture selection task.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.528-538
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to develop and test a palliative care program based on home care nursing. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed. Changes in the variables were evaluated to test effects of the developed program. Participants were patients with terminal cancer and their families receiving home care nursing from six hospitals (experimental group: 24 and control group: 22). Data collection was conducted from February to October, 2006. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyse the data. Results: Hypothesis 1, the experimental group receiving this program will experience less pain (severe, average, weak pain) than the control group, was supported. Hypothesis 2, the experimental group will have less symptom experience than the control group, was supported. Hypothesis 3, the experimental group will have higher QOL than the control group, was supported and the last hypothesis 4, family burden in the experimental group will be less than the control group, was supported. Conclusion: The home care nursing based palliative program developed in this study was found to be an effective program to reduce patient pain and symptom experience, to improve patient QOL and to decrease family burden.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.391-408
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• 2009

This study first designates the factors affecting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in order to analyze the FDI in Korea, and calculates the Korean FDI index by using various designated variables and by applying Factor Analysis Technique. In addition, it attempts to understand the influence wielded by the foreign investment variables of foreign multinationals on FDI in Korea, by setting to analyze & verify Environmental Factors and the overall model based on FDI in Korea. Through an emprical analysis of USA, Japan, EU, China, as our hypothesis, we could verify that the positive effects(+) among the decisive factors of FDI in Korea include the market size, the mean earning rate of domestic manufacturing industries, and the marketing capacities of foreign corporations, while the negative effects(-) include the ratio of taxation on domestic manufacturing industries. Other FDI factors have various effects on each, so some factors show the same effects as the hypothesis while others show separate effects. In addition, the only nation for which the effects of FDI factors in Korea coincide with the hypothesis completely is the USA, while other nations (such as Japan, EU, China) have some effects that conform to the hypothesis, but other effects do not accord with it.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.327-337
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• 2019

The aim of this research is to contribute to enhancing the competitiveness of automotive parts suppliers while departing from the dependent relationship structure, by developing and interpreting factors that affect sale, which are financial achievements, in a practical way. The research data covered 200 companies from 2013-2017. The study hypothesis was verified by dividing the hypothesis into Model1 with control variables only and Model2 with control variables in independent variables. As a result of hypothesis testing, regarding sales, only capital size showed to have an effect in Model1, while in Model2, asset size, number of employees and joint ventures with foreign companies did but the other remaining factors did not. In particular, the results showed that an increase in financial performance required 'Economies of scale', and that companies that concentrated on a small number of items, diversified products into four or more items, or owned two to four suppliers, reaped positive results in financial performance. Therefore, in addition to the selection and concentration of corporate management for production items and account management, applying strategies, like the inter-company M&A, consortiums and co-branded strategies to achieve 'Economy of scale', would highly enhance the financial performance of automotive parts suppliers.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.252-262
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• 2010

Purpose: Designed to examine the effects of aerobic exercise therapy on elders' physical functions. Methods: Selected from an elderly welfare center in an agricultural district located in N City. Thirty seven elders were selected in the experimental group and 38 in the control group, and all the subjects aged over 65. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS/PC 12.0 Win. Detailed data analysis methods were Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, Mann-Whitney u-test, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon's rank sum test. Results: The first hypothesis "The experimental group who had the aerobic exercise therapy will have greater development in lower leg muscular strength compared to the control group" was supported (t=8.95, p<.001). The second hypothesis "Aerobic exercise therapy participants will show greater development in lower leg endurance" was supported (t=6.12, p<.001). The third hypothesis "Aerobic exercise therapy participants will show greater development in flexibility" was supported (U=49.00, p<.001). The forth hypothesis "Aerobic exercise therapy participants will show greater development in balance" was supported (U=322.00, p<.001). Conclusion: The aerobic exercise therapy showed positive effects on physical functions of the elderly in a rural area.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.994-1002
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to identify the effects of hope intervention on hope and depression of cancer patients staying at home. Methods: The study design was a randomized control group design. The subjects consisted of forty cancer patients randomly selected who were registered at S-Gu Public Health Center. Hope intervention, which was composed of hope assessment, hope objective setting, positive self identity formation, therapeutic relationships, spiritual & transcendental process improvement, positive environmental formation and hope evaluation, was provided from November 20, 2006 to January 26, 2007. Results: The 1-1 hypothesis, "The experimental group which received hope intervention will have a higher score of hope than the control group", was supported(t=-3.253, p= .003). The 1-2 hypothesis, "The experimental group which received hope intervention will have a higher level of hope index than the control group", was supported (t=-4.001, p= .000). Therefore the 1st hypothesis, "The experimental group which received hope intervention will have a higher level of hope than the control group" was supported. The 2nd hypothesis, "The experimental group which received hope intervention will have a lower level of depression than the control group", was not supported (t=1.872, p= .070). Conclusion: Hope intervention is an effective nursing intervention to enhance hope for patient with cancer.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.1559-1565
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• 2007

The many target-detection methods that use forward-looking infrared (FUR) images can deal with large targets measuring $70{\times}40$ pixels, utilizing their shape features. However, detection small targets is difficult because they are more obscure and there are many target-like objects. Therefore, few studies have examined how to detect small targets consisting of fewer than $30{\times}10$ pixels. This paper presents a small target detection method using clutter rejection with stochastic hypothesis testing for FLIR imagery. The proposed algorithm consists of two stages; detection and clutter rejection. In the detection stage, the mean of the input FLIR image is first removed and then the image is segmented using Otsu's method. A closing operation is also applied during the detection stage in order to merge any single targets detected separately. Then, the residual of the clutters is eliminated using statistical hypothesis testing based on the t-test. Several FLIR images are used to prove the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm accurately detects small targets (Jess than $30{\times}10$ pixels) with a low false alarm rate compared to the center-surround difference method using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.25
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• pp.211-241
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• 2005

Innovation resistance toward technology products such as e-Marketplace is an important concept in business to business marketing. But most of researches and literatures have not been focused on innovation resistance. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to confirm key factors that effects on the innovation resistance. Additionally this study will be revealed the factors affecting the innovation resistance to information technology of trade according to adopting stage. Based on the past literatures, the innovation resistance of users can be viewed as dependent on two sets of factors came from the study of Innovation Resistance Model(Ram, 1987):perceived innovation(e-Marketplace) characteristics and user(trading company) characteristics. Perceived innovation characteristics consists of relative advantage, compatibility, perceived risk, complexity, inhibitory effect on the adoption of profitable innovation. The user characteristics consist of innovativeness, beliefs and attitude toward existing trade method. And user adoption stage came from the study of Innovation Diffusion(Roger, 1995). To make it simple, this study divides group1(knowledge/persuasion/decision) and group2(implementation/confirmation). In the result of the empirical study, the hypothesis 1, hypothesis 2, hypothesis 4 were supported partially and hypothesis 3 was completely supported.