• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.637-642
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• 2010

생식 원재료 전처리공정은 1차 세척-침지-2차 세척-절단공정으로 구성되며, 본 연구에서는 hypochlorous acid를 침지공정에 적용하여 미생물을 제어하고자 하였다. 전처리 단계에서 1차 세척 후에는 감자, 당근, 케일 및 신선초의 총균수는 4.7, 5.3, 5.6, 5.7 log CFU/g이 검출되었으며, 이를 물에 5분간 침지한 경우에는 각각 0.2, 0.2, 0.4, 1.1 log CFU/g를 감소시켰다. 반면 1차 세척 후 100 ppm hypochlorous acid 용액에 5분간 침지한 시료들은 0.5, 0.5, 1.3, 2.8 log CFU/g를 감소시켜 살균효과가 더 좋았으며, 구근류(감자, 당근)보다는 엽채류(케일, 신선초)에 효과적이었다. 하지만 흐르는 물로 세척이 끝난 채소류는 절단공정을 거친 후 다시 0.1~2.7 log CFU/g만큼 미생물수가 증가하였다. 따라서 감자, 당근, 케일, 신선초에 대해 절단공정을 먼저하고 나서 침지하는 공정을 한 경우, 물을 사용하였을 때는 각각 0.9, 0.6, 0.6, 0.4 log CFU/g, hypochlorous acid 용액에 침지한 후에는 각각 3.2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.6 log CFU/g를 감소시켰다. 결론적으로 1차 세척-절단-침지-2차 세척으로 공정을 개선하고 침지단계에서 hypochlorous acid 용액을 처리하는 것이 일반미생물과 유해미생물을 효과적으로 제어할 수 있는 방법으로 나타났다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2019

Purpose : Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a major inorganic bactericidal compound of innate immunity, is effective against a broad range of microorganisms. In particular, HOCl is well-known as a non-antibiotic antimicrobial substance. However, effects of HOCl as an antimicrobial agent are still needed to study these functions against various specific type of microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitans to cause dental caries and periodontal disease. Experiments were conducted to observe whether HOCl become effective replacement of disinfectant. Methods : To observe antimicrobial effect of HOCl, stabilized HOCl is prepared in the form of a physiologically balanced solution in pre-conditioned and post-conditioned HOCl solution. As a control, commercially available disinfectant MAXCLEAN was used as positive control. Moreover, S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitans distribution in gagrin, filtered tap water, and culture media. Cell viability were measured by viable cell count methods and disk diffusion test. Results : Our results showed that treatment of HOCl have no effect against antimicrobial effect compare to control group especially gagrin in disk diffusion test. HOCl tended to reduced viability against S. mutans in group of post-conditioned than pre-conditioned of HOCl solution however, there was no significant difference as well as no effect in A. actinomycetemcomitans. Conclusion : HOCl showed tendency to reduce viability against S. mutans in group of post-conditioned of HOCl solution and no effect of antimicrobial effect. Although HOCl is well known as effective against a broad range of microorganisms, HOCl seems to have diversity following type of species to be used as antimicrobial drug following our results. Therefore, it is necessary to be rigidly controlled and regulated in using HOCl solution clinically.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.682-687
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• 2018

We investigated the effects of a highly saline solution (HS) containing hypochlorous acid, calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$), and phosphoric acid ($H_3PO_4$) on cell death and growth rate of laver Porphyra yezoensis and green laver Ulva intestinalis. Cell death rates of laver treated with HS and HS plus hypochlorous acid (HS + HOCl) in the harvesting stage were less than 0.5%, and there were no significant differences between the HS and HS + HOCl treatments. However, cell death of green laver treated with HS + HOCl in the harvesting stage was greater than 81.2%. These results indicate that the addition of HOCl is highly effective to eradicate noxious green laver without causing damage to laver. The addition of HOCl and $H_3PO_4$ to HS did not increase the area or weight of laver blades. A combination treatment of $CaCl_2$ and HS, however, significantly increased the area and weight of laver lades compared to controls (P<0.05).

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2017

Hypochlorous acid(HOCl) is a chemical that is a safe sanitizer and disinfectant approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a food additive, exhibiting strong sterilizing power with low effective chlorine concentration of pH 5.0-6.5 and effective chlorine concentration 10-80 ppm. To apply to fishery industries, we develope the HOCl ice for store or delivery of fishery products. However when HOCl is being frozen, the contained HOCl are expelled out from the ice due to the molecular structures of ice; there is no space to contain HOCl inside. To increase chlorine containing amount in ice, we develop the alginate particles containing HOCl which is bio comparable since alginate is a natural polymer extracted from the brown algae and it is widely used for drug delivery and containing substances, etc. We produce HOCl with water as base solution suppressing osmotic flow from fishery products, and mix it with the developed alginate particles and made HOCl-alginate ice and checked the remaining amount of HOCl. We measure the change of pH and chlorine concentration optimizing the best concentration of alginate particles. Finally, we produce the alginate particle HOCl ices with respect to the alginate's optimal concentration.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.101-104
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• 2019

This study examined the disinfection conditions (exposure time, 0-30 min; exposure temperature, $4^{\circ}C-65^{\circ}C$) of hypochlorous acid water (HOCl) in automobile disinfection equipment. The study tested poliovirus type 1 (PV1), low pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV, H9N2), and foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV, O type). As a result, the PV1 and FMD viruses were inactivated easily (virus titer 4 log value) by HOCl (> 100 ppm) but the AIV required higher exposure temperatures (> $55^{\circ}C$). In conclusion, the exposure temperature and time are important factors in deactivating AIV and FMDV.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.84-88
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• 1999

In chlorine dioxide delignigication or bleaching, chlorate is mainly formed by the reaction between chlorite and hypochlorous acid, thus scavengers of chlorine or hypochlorous acid can be used to reduce the formation of chlorate which is unfavorable to environment. In this study, additives such as sulfamic acid, DMSO, hydrogen peroxide, or sodium chlorite was added to chlorine solution or pure $ClO_2$ solution to check their reactivity with $Cl_2$ and $ClO_2$. These additives were also added directly into general $ClO_2$ solution which contained certain amount of chlorine, then the additive-treated $ClO_2$ solution were used in bleaching stages. The aim of this procedure was to remove the original amount of chlorine that was thought to be possibly the main reason for the formation of chlorate and AOX. The additives were found to be able to eliminate chlorine very fast and selectively, but $H_2$ $O_2$ should be used under pH4, otherwise it also reacts with $ClO_2$. After the additives reacted With $Cl_2$, DMSO turned into an inactive product $(CH_3)_2SO_2$, While Sulfamic acid turned into $HClSO_3H$ that still remained active in oxidation, and $NaClO_2$ produced $ClO_2$. The addition of $HNaClO_2$ showed significant improvement in delignification but the deeper delignification led to higher formation of chlorate. When the additive-treated chlorine dioxide solutions were used in bleaching, both sulfamic acid, DMSO, and hydrogen peroxide showed no significant changes of DE brightness and Kappa number. The formation of chlorate was reduced by addition of sulfamic acid, DMSO and hydrogen peroxide.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2018

Electrochemical reduction of nitrate was studied using Zn, Cu and (Ir+Ru)-Ti cathodes and Pt/Ti anode in a cell divided by an ion exchange membrane. During electrolysis, effects of the different cathode types on operating parameters (i.e., voltage, temperature and pH), nitrate removal efficiency and by-products (i.e., nitrite and ammonia) formation were investigated. Ammonia oxidation rate in the presence of NaCl was also determined using the different ratios of hypochlorous acid to ammonia. The operating parameter values were similar for all types of cathode materials and were maintained relatively constant. Nitrate was well reduced and converted mostly to ammonia using Zn and Cu cathodes. Ammonia, produced as a by-product of nitrate reduction, was oxidized in the presence of NaCl in the electrochemical process and the oxidation performance was enhanced upon increasing the hypochlorous acid-to-ammonia ratio to 1.09:1. Zn and Cu cathodes promoted the nitrate reduction to ammonia and the produced ammonia was finally removed from solution by reacting with hypochlorite ions. Using Zn or Cu cathodes, instead of noble metal cathodes, in the electrochemical process can be an alternative technology for nitrate-containing wastewater treatment.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.424-426
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• 2002

Recently, much attention has been paid to the physiological functions of flavonoids associated with their antioxidant properties. However, there was a lack of information on the molecular mechanism at which flavonoids play the antioxidative role. We have already studied on the oxidation of quercetin with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite in alcoholic aqueous solution and determined the oxidation products. Through the structural analysis of the oxidation products, it was clarified that the hydroxyl group at C-3 in the C ring plays the important role in the antioxidative action of quercetin. Successively, rutin and (+)-catechin were oxidized with sodium hypochlorite and their mono- and di-chlorinated derivatives were obtained. These facts indicate that these flavonoids can directly scavenge hypochlorous acid and the active site in this scavenging reaction is not the hydroxyl group at C-3.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2022

차아염소산나트륨(NaClO)은 병원 및 식품산업 분야에서 널리 사용되는 소독제로 세균, 곰팡이, 바이러스에 대해서도 항균 활성이 있다. 차아염소산나트륨의 항균 활성은 용액의 pH에 의해 조절되는 안정적인 HClO 농도의 유지에 있다. 차아염소산(HClO)은 화학적으로 중성이므로 세균의 막에 쉽게 침투할 수 있으며 차아염소산나트륨의 항균 활성은 차아염소산염 이온(ClO^-)보다는 용액 내 HClO 농도에 의존하리라 사료된다. 본 연구에서 pH 조절에 따른 차아염소산나트륨의 항균 활성을 time kill test와 차아염소산나트륨 처리 전후의 활성산소종(ROS) 및 ATP 농도 변화로 조사하였다. 또한 전계방출형 주사 전자 현미경(FE-SEM)을 통하여 세포벽의 파괴정도를 확인하였다. pH 5 조건에서 5 ppm 차아염소산나트륨은 Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 균에 대하여 99.9%의 항균 활성을 나타내었고, ROS 생성량은 pH 7 조건보다 48% 증가하였다. 또한, pH 5 조건의 차아염소산나트륨에 노출된 E. coli와 S. aureus의 ATP 농도가 각각 94%와 91% 감소하였다. FE-SEM 결과, pH 5 조건에 노출된 균의 세포벽이 파괴된 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과를 종합해보면, pH를 조절하는 것 만으로 5 ppm 농도의 차아염소산나트륨의 항균 활성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2010

전해살균수는 수도물에 식염이나 염산 등의 전해보조제를 첨가시킨 수용액을 전기분해하여 유용한 기능을 갖게 한 수용액이다. 전해살균수는 살균을 목적으로 한 식품위생관리에 사용되는 것으로, 강산성전해수, 미산성전해수 및 차아염소산나트륨수로 나눌 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 살균효과를 지닌 전해살균수의 제조원리, 장단점 분석과 함께 연도별, 국가별, 출원인별, 기술종류별로 기술동향 특허분석을 하였다.