• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.509-514
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• 1989

Reactions of thianthrene cation radical perchlorate (1) with N-(p-methoxyphenyl)benzenesulphonamide (14) in acetonitrile at room temperature afforded various products : thianthrene (3), N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)benzenesulphonamide (16), benzenesulphonamide (18), hydroquinone (20); 5-(5-benzenesulphonamido-2-methoxyphenyl)-thia nthrenium perchlorate(21), 2-benzenesulphonamido-2'-hydroxy-5,5'-dimethoxy biphenyl(24), 2-benzenesulphonamido-2',5'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy -biphenyl(25), and a traceable amount of p-quinone(23). The formations of part of (3) and (21) can be explained by either disproportionation or half-regeneration mechanism but those of the remainders by diverse reactions of sulphonamidyl radical (27) derived from (14) (through single electron transfer, followed by deprotonation processes). Similar results were observed from the reaction with N-(p-methoxyphenyl)methanesulphonamide (15).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.3361-3367
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• 2012

Two novel Eu(III) complexes with notable properties have been successfully prepared with hydrazone Schiff base ligands, (E)-2-hydroxy-N'-[(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene]benzohydrazide (3a) and (E)-4-hydroxy-N'-[(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene]benzohydrazide (3b). DFT, FMO energy and Mulliken charge distribution studies of the ligands allowed us to hypothesize that their HC=N, > C=O and -OH (naphthyl) groups were involved in coordinating with the $Eu^{3+}$ ion. The eight coordination sites of the $Eu^{3+}$ ion were occupied by the three functional groups of the two ligands (3a or 3b) mentioned above and two water molecules. Similar UV, IR and fluorescence spectra indicated the presence of comparable coordination environments for the $Eu^{3+}$ ion in both complexes. Both the ligands and their complexes exhibited moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity. Moreover, it was found that the Eu(III) complexes exhibited fluorescence properties.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate functional activities of the free radical scavenging and germ of Glycin max. Merrill fur cytotoxicity toward P338 and L1210 cells derived from mouse. Effect of crude saponin were examined to oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver fractions of Spragae-Dawley(SD) rats. Male rats were fed basic diets of control and experiment diets of 0.5∼1.0% crude saponin. There were no significant differences in hydroxy radical($.$OH) formation of liver mitochondria and microsomes in 1.0% group, while $.$OH formations were significantly decrease in 0.5% and 1.0% saponin compared with control group. Their oxygen radical(O$_2$$\^$$.$/) scavenging activities were significantly decrease in liver cytosol of 0.5% and 1.0% saponin group compared with control group. Soybean germ saponin was isolated purified by the method of HPLC to investigate the cytotoxicity of mouse cells by using the MTT assay. SA-1 saponin fraction of soybean germ showed to inhibit toward growth cell of P338 and L1210 cells and its showed less than 50% cytotoxicity These results suggest that the saponin may play a effective role in attenuating a oxygen radical formations and increasing a scavenger enzyme activities.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.392-399
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• 2018

Fruits of 10 cultivars ('Blue Gold', 'Brigitta', 'Coville', 'Duke', 'Nelson', 'North Blue', 'Rancocas', 'Sierra', Sunrise, and 'Weymouth') of blueberries (Vaccinum corymbosun) were analyzed for characteristics, contents of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids and antioxidant activity in this study. Fruit weights ranged from 0.83 to 1.88 g. Total soluble solids concentration varied from 9.7 in 'Duke' to $16.6^{\circ}Brix$ in 'Sierra' with titratable acidities of 0.94 % in 'Sunrise' and 1.75% in 'Brigitta'. There are relatively high contents in 'North Blue' ($23.75mg\;GAE{\cdot}g^{-1}\;FW$) and low contents in 'Coville' ($17.15mg\;GAE{\cdot}g^{-1}\;FW$) in total phenolic compounds. Contents of total phenolic compounds were high in 'Nelson'($14.1mg\;QE{\cdot}g^{-1}\;FW$) and low in 'Duke' ($10.1mg\;QE{\cdot}g^{-1}\;FW$). Analysis of antioxidant activity of blueberry fruits showed that there were high acitiviites of ABTS+ radical scavenging in 'Rancoccas' (82.2%), 'Bluegold' (79.6%), and 'Nelson' (77.8%), and high activities of DPPH radical scavenging in 'Rancocca' (76.0%), and high in hydroxy radical scavenging in 'Nelson' (73.0%). Quantification analysis method of qualitative data showed that 'Bluegold', 'Nelson', 'Northblue', and 'Rancocas' had high contents of phenol and flavonoid compounds, and activity antioxidants of berries. Blueberry cultivars selected by statistical quantification analysis can be utilized as valuable genetic resources for breeding of blueberry with high antioxidant activities in the future.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.436-441
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• 2015

'Superhongmi' is a new rice variety with reddish brown color developed from a crossing a high cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) content beeeds including Heugjinju and Suwon 425 and a big grain size breed such as Daeribbyeo. This variety heads on Sep. 5 and has 86.7 cm culm length. The fertility ratio of Superhongmi was about 81.7% and weight of 1,000-grain was about 26.8 g. The 1,000 grain weight of Superhongmi was heavier than that of Superjami. The total essential amino acid content of Superhongmi was lower than those of others. However, Superhongmi was high in tyrosine and arginine. Total polyphenol content of Superhongmi was 2 times higher than that of Heugjinju and flavonoid content was 8 times higher than that of Dongjinbyeo. In addition, hydroxy radical scavenging activity of Superhongmi was significantly higher than that of Dongjinbyeo. However, significant differences were not found in the newly breed colored rice. These results suggest that Superhongmi variety has very high value as a source of various functional food as well as stable food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.789-795
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• 2010

In order to set up an accurate quality criteria for the Boraginaceae that have been traditionally used for medical purposes and food colorant, and to assess its viability as functional food ingredient, antioxidant tests were conducted on the wild and cultivated plants. Variety of indicators including total contents of phenol, DPPH, SOD-liked effect, hydroxy radical-scavenging effect, lecithin oxidation inhibitory effect, etc were analyzed. Wild and cultivated gromwell's total contents of phenol in their methanol extracts were 0.14% and 0.13%, while they were most active in ethyl acetate extracts and n-hexane extracts, respectively. $IC_{50}$ values of methanol extract of the wild and cultivated plants were 794.41 ${\mu}g$/mL and 971.86 ${\mu}g$/mL, indicating that the wild plant is more responsive (p<0.05) to low concentration. Also the wild and cultivated plants were most active in ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane extracts when their $IC_{50}$ values were measured by each solvent extracts. SOD-liked effects of both plants were concentration dependent while methanol extracts were more active (p<0.05) in 500 ${\mu}g$/mL than other solvent extracts. Hydroxy radical-scavenging effect of both plants showed less than 50% activity in concentration of 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL except in chloroform fraction and n-hexane fraction. Lecithin oxidation inhibitory effects of the wild and cultivated plants were active in methanol and solvent extracts of 200~1000 ${\mu}g$/mL. Especially it showed 90% of high inhibitory effect in 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL of chloroform fraction. Hence, both wild and cultivated Boraginaceae were analyzed to be viable as functional food ingredient.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.466-472
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• 2006

The kinetic behavior of emulsion polymerizations of styrene in the presence of sulfonated N-hydroxy ethyl aniline (SHEA) was investigated with two initiators: 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and potassium persulfate (KPS). SHEA was synthesized using a stepwise polyurethane reaction method from 3-hydroxy-1-propane sulfonic acid sodium salt, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and N-(2-hydroxyethyl) aniline. Stable core-shell poly(styrene/sulfonated N-hydroxy ethyl aniline, St/SHEA) latex particles were successfully prepared by using an appropriate amount of AIBN, in which SHEA plays the role of 'surfmer', i.e., acting as both a surfactant in the emulsion polymerization and a monomer in the chemical oxidative polymerization. The kinetic behavior was dissimilar to that of typical emulsion polymerization systems. A long inhibition period and low rate of polymerization were observed due to radical loss by the oxidative polymerization of SHEA. It was concluded, due to the low water-solubility of AIBN and retardation reaction by SHEA, that the initial loci of polymerization were monomer droplets. However, growing polymer particles as polymerization loci became predominant as polymerization proceeded. It was suggested that AIBN was more effective than KPS in the preparation of the core-shell type poly(St/SHEA) latex particles. With KPS, no substantial polymerization was observed in any of the samples.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.166-173
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• 2010

Oxidative stress to proteins, lipids, or DNA is higher in human autopsy tissue and in rodent models of a number of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. On the basis of this information, we established a screening system using N18-RE-105 cells to identify therapeutic agents that can protect cells from glutamate toxicity. During the course of our screening program, we recently isolated the active compound 9-hydroxy-$\alpha$-tocopherone ($\alpha$-TP), which prevents glutamate-induced cell death, from Viola mandshurica. The chemical structure of $\alpha$-TP was identified using spectroscopic methods and by comparison with literature values. Antioxidant activity and protective effects of $\alpha$-TP were evaluated by DPPH radical-scavenging assay, morphological assay, MTT reduction assay, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. These results suggest that $\alpha$-TP could be a new potential chemotherapeutic agent against neuronal diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2009

Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were produced from aqueous solution of various sugars with defatted hydrolyzed soybean protein (DFHSP) with different temperatures and pressures. Physicochemical properties of MRPs were investigated; also, DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and sensory properties were evaluated. MRPs from ribose and DFHSP had the highest reactivity with larger pH reduce, higher browning index increase and higher antioxidant activity than other MRPs from other sugars. The antioxidant activities were increased with increasing temperatures and pressures of reaction. The highest antioxidant activity and sensory preference were obtained from MRPs with ribose at $140^{\circ}C$ with 2.8 kg/$cm^2$ for 30 mins.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.38-38
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• 2001