• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.365-365
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• 2010

Similar to the superhydrophobic surfaces of lotus leaf, water strider leg is attributed to hierarchical structure of micro pillar and nano-hair coated with low surface energy materials, by which water strider can run and even jump on the water surface. In order to mimick its leg, many effort, especially, on the fabrication of nanohairs has been made using several methods such as a capillarity-driven molding and lithography using poly(urethane acrylate)(PUA). However most of those effort was not so effective to create the similar structure due to its difficulty in the fabrication of nanoscale hairy structures with hydrophobic surface. In this study, we have selected a low surface energy polymeric material of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, or Teflon) assisted with surface modification of CF4 plasma treatment followed by hydrophobic surface coating with pre-cursor of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD). It was found that the plasma energy and duration of CF4 treatment on PTFE polymer could control the aspect ratio of nano-hairy structure, which varying with high aspect ratio of more than 20 to 1, or height of over 1000nm but width of 50nm in average. The water contact angle on pristine PTFE surface was measured as approximately $115^{\circ}$. With nanostructures by CF4 plasma treatment and hydrophobic coating of HMDSO film, we made a superhydrophobic nano-hair structure with the wetting angle of over $160^{\circ}C$. This novel fabrication method of nanohairy structures has been applied not only on 2-D flat substrate but also on 3-D substrates like wire and cylinder, which is similarly mimicked the water strider's leg.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2009

This work has demonstrated that a novel amphiphilic poly(epichlorohydrine)-graft-polystyrene (PECH-g-PS) copolymer at 34:66 wt% was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene using PECH as a macroinitiator. The structure of the graft copolymer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance ($^1H$ NMR) and FTIR spectroscopy, demonstrating that the "grafting from" method using ATRP was successful. The self-assembled graft copolymer was used as a template film for the in-situ growth of silver nanoparticles from $AgCF_3SO_3$ precursor under UV irradiation. The in situ formation of silver nanoparticles with 6-8 nm in average size in the solid state template film was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) also displayed the selective incorporation and the in situ formation of silver nanoparticles within the hydrophilic PECH domains, probably due to stronger interaction of the silvers with the ether oxygens of PECH backbone than that with hydrophobic PS side chains.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.111-126
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• 1987

Methyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate copolymer (MMBM)-dibutyl phthalate (DBP) films were investigated as a potential topical drug delivery system for the controlled release of nitrofurazone. The kinetic analysis of release data indicated that drug release followed a diffusion-controlled granular matrix model, where the quantity released per unit area is proportional to the square root of time. DBP of several hydrophobic plasticizers selected was found to give the highest release of nitrofurazone. However, hydrophilic plasticizers such as propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol 400 had no controlled release properties and acceptable film formation. The effects of changes in film composition, drug concentration, film thickness, pH of release medium, and temperature on the in vitro release of nitrofurazone were analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The release rate constant (k') was found to be proportional to DBP content, pH, and the temperature of release medium, but independent of film thickness, and drug concentration in a range of 0.1-0.4% by weight. The linear relationship was found to exist between the log k' and DBP content. The release of nitrofurazone from MMBM-DBP (8:2) films was found to be an energy-linked process. Two energy terms were calculated ; the activation energy for matrix diffusion was 13.45 kcal/mole, and the heat of drug crystal solvation was 27.26-29.34 kcal/mole. Observation of scanning electron micrographs and microscopic photographs showed that the incorporation of DBP in films increased markedly the particle size of nitrofurazone dispersed in the film matrix, comparing with the fine dispersion of nitrofurazone in pure MMBM film alone.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

태양전지의 셀을 보호하기 위한 커버 글라스에는 반사방지 코팅 및 셀프클리닝과 같은 기능성 코팅이 적용되어왔다. 일반적으로 메조포러스 실리카를 이용한 반사방지 코팅은 빛의 투과를 증가시키며, $TiO_2$ 광촉매 필름은 셀프클리닝 코팅에 적용되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 $SiO_2/TiO_2$ 박막 코팅에 의한 투명 발수 반사방지 및 셀프클리닝 코팅을 sol-gel 공정과 dip-coating 공정으로 글라스 기판 위에 제조하였다. 기능성 코팅의 표면형상은 전계방출 주사전자현미경과 원자힘 현미경으로 분석하였고, 광학적 특성은 UV-visible 분광광도계로 분석하였다. 필름의 발수특성은 접촉각 측정으로 확인하였다. 그 결과 $TiO_2$ 필름은 기판인 슬라이드 글라스와 비슷한 수준의 높은 광 투과율을 나타내었다. 일반적으로 $TiO_2$ 나노입자는 필름에서 반사를 증가시키며, 결과적으로 투과율의 저하를 가져온다. 하지만 본 연구의 $SiO_2/TiO_2$ 박막으로 이루어진 기능성 코팅은 $110^{\circ}$의 접촉각을 나타내었으며, 파장 550 nm에서 기판인 슬라이드 글라스의 투과율보다 2.0% 증가한 93.5%의 광 투과율 특성을 나타내었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.795-802
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• 2012

소수성 고분자 표면을 화학적 처리를 통해 활성화시키고 화학반응을 통해 발색단을 도입하는 연구를 진행하였다. 2-Triphenylstannylthioethyl acrylate를 자외선 조사시켜 고분자 필름을 만들었다. 필름 표면에 노출된 주석치환체를 불소이온으로 처리하여 SH를 형성함으로써 필름표면에 많은 SH를 생성시켰고 적외석 흡수스펙트럼으로 이를 확인하였다. 아크릴 유도체로 만든 발색단 물질을 노출된 SH와 반응시켜 필름 표면에 여러 발색단을 도입할 수 있었고 이를 자외선-가시광선 흡수스펙트럼으로 관찰할 수 있었다. 2-Triphenylstannylthioethyl acrylate와 tris(hydroxymethyl) ethane에서 유도된 triacrylate를 혼합하여 얻은 광경화 필름에서 단분자 함량 변화에 따른 SH의 표면 노출량을 변화시킬 수 있음을 흡수스펙트럼을 통해 관찰하였다. 유사하게, 2-tributylstannylthioethyl acrylate를 이용한 광경화 필름을 만들어 표면반응 연구를 진행하였다. 이 경우, 불소이온 처리를 통한 표면 활성화는 약 5분 이내로 빠르게 진행되었다. 이소시안 작용기를 갖는 발색단을 합성하여 필름과 반응시켜 표면에 발색단 도입하는 비교연구를 진행하였다. 아크릴 유도체가 표면 SH와 반응이 24시간 이상을 요구하는 반면 이소시안 유도체는 10분 이내에 결합반응이 완료되었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1994

In order to produce a water repellent surface on polyester fabric, samples were treated in the atmosphere of $CF_4$ glow discharge plasma. The samples used in the study were ployester fabric and poyester film. The purpose of film treatment is for the comparison of hydrophobicity with fabric sample at same treatment condition. Radio frequency(13.56MHz) generator was used as electric source and its in put power is 100 Watt. Water repellency was evaluated by contact angle measurement. Result obtained are as follows. 1) Fiber interstice of original fabric was ana lysed as 0.43$\mu$m, and this value was sufficiently ideal for making water repellent fabric. 2) The most favorable setting position of substrate was the center area between two electrodes. 3) Fabric contact angle was higher than film contact angle at same treatment condition, and its difference was more than 50${\circ}$. And it was incapalbe of fabric contact angle measurement when the film contact angle was less than 90${\circ}$. because the fabric is susceptible to absorption of water by the capillary effect. 4) Fabric contact angle can not revealed the precise defferences of surface hydrophobicity, however, the film contact angle showed the real hydrophobic nature. 5) It was not sufficient method to evaluate the hydrophobicity of fabric surface by merely measure of the water contact angle. 6) It showed high water repellent nature at 0.06 torr of $CF_4$ plasma gas pressure and duration of 45 seconds treatment, and it can not be anticipated more improved nature if the pressure and duration of treatment time were increased.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2009

초발수 $TiO_2$ 박막을 습식 공정법에 의해 유리 기판 위에 성공적으로 제조하였다. Micro-nano 복합구조의 거친 표면을 갖는 박막을 제조하기 위하여 layer-by-layer(LBL) deposition 법과 liquid phase deposition(LPD) 법이 이용되었다. 초발수 박막은 LBL 법에 의해 texture 구조를 갖는(PAH/PAA) 박막을 제조 한 후 그 위에 LPD 법에 의해 $TiO_2$ 나노 입자를 적층시키고 그 표면을 fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane(FAS)를 사용하여 발수 처리를 하여 제조하였다. $(PAH/PAA)_{10}$ 박막의 표면에 45분 동안 $TiO_2$를 적층한 박막은 RMS roughness가 65.6 nm로 거친 표면을 보여주었고 발수 처리 이후에 접촉각 $155^{\circ}$ 정도의 초발수 특성과 함께 파장 650 nm 이상에서는 80% 이상의 투과율을 보여주었다. 서로 다른 조건에서 제조된 박막의 표면 구조,광학적 특성, 접촉각을 FE-SEM, AFM, UV-Vis, contact angel meter를 이용하여 측정하였다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.530-537
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• 2015

태양광 발전시스템은 태양복사에너지를 반도체의 광전효과를 이용하여 전기에너지로 직접 전환시키는 에너지변환 시스템이다. 태양전지의 내구성과 에너지변환율에 영향을 미치는 핵심소재로는 다층형 필름구조를 갖는 백시트를 들 수 있다. 대표적인 상용 백시트는 고내구성 poly(vinyl fluoride) (PVF) 필름이 중심축에 위치하고 가격저감을 위해 도입된 poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) 필름이 그 양쪽에 접합된 삼층구조로 구성된다. 하지만, PVF 필름의 높은 가격은 저렴한 고내구성 백시트를 요구하는 시장상황을 반영하기 어렵게 한다. 이를 위한 해결책으로는 PVF 필름을 결정성 PET 필름으로 대체한 탄화수소계 백시트가 될 수 있다. 하지만, PET 필름의 본질적인 가수분해에 대한 취약성으로 인해, 추가적인 수분에 대한 배리어성 부여는 필수적이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 소수성 실리카 나노입자 분산기술을 활용한 수분차단성 폴리우레탄 접착제를 개발코자 하였다. 개발된 접착제는 내부에 위치한 PET 필름으로의 수분침투를 약화시켜, 가수분해속도를 지연시킬 것이라 기대되었다. 본 개념의 효용성을 확인하기 위해, 표준화된 온습도조건에 노출된 이후의 일반접착제와 수분차단성 접착제가 도입된 백시트의 기계적 강도 및 시간당 태양전지성능 변화가 비교평가되었다.

• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2002년도 춘계 기술심포지움 논문집
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• pp.193-197
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• 2002

The tribological properties and van der Waals attractive forces and the thermal stability of films are very important characteristics of highly hydrophobic fluorocarbon (FC) films for the long-term reliability of nano system. The effect of thermal annealing on films and van der Waals attractive forces and friction coefficient of films have been investigate d in this study. It was coated Al wafer which was treated O2 and Ar that ocatfluorocyclobutane ($C_4_{8}$) and Ar were supplied to the CVD chamber in the ratio of 2:3 for deposition of FC Films. Static contact angle and dynamic contact angle were used to characterize FC films. Thickness of films was measured by variable angle spectroscopy ellipsometer (VASE). Nanotribological data was got by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure roughness, lateral force microscopy (LFM) to measure friction force, and force vs. distance (FD) curve to evaluate adhesion force. FC films were cured in N2 and vacuum. The film showed the slight changes in its properties after 3 hr annealing. FTIR ATR studies showed the decrease of C-F peak intensity in the spectra as the annealing time increased. A significant decrease of film thickness has been observed. The friction force of Al surface was at least thirty times higher than ones with FC films. The adhesive force of bare Al was greater than 100 nN. After deposit FC films adhesive force was decreased to 40 nN. The adhesive force of films was decreased down to 10 nN after 24 hr annealing. During 24 hr annealing in $N_2$and vacuum at $100^{\circ}C$ film properties were not changed so much.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.228-231
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• 2019

Aluminum and its alloys have been widely used in various fields because of low weight, high strength, good conductivity, and low price. It is well known that aluminum alloys that cause natural oxide film can inhibit corrosion in wet, salty environments. However, these oxides are so thin that corrosion occurs in a variety of environments. To prevent this problem, an electrochemical anodizing technique was applied to the aluminum alloy surface to form a thick layer of oxide and a unique oxide shape, such as a hierarchical pore structure simultaneously combining large and small pores. The shape of the structures was implemented using stepwise anodization voltages such as 40 V for mild anodizing and 80 V for hard anodizing, respectively. To maximize water repellency, it is crucial to the role of surface structures shape. And a hydrophobic thin film was coated by 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS) to minimize surface energy of the structure surface. Thus, such nanoengineered superhydrophobic surface exhibited a high water contact angle and excellent corrosion resistance such as low corrosion current density and inhibition efficiency.