• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.197-209
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• 2004

The study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanol extract of Caesalpinia bonducella leaves (MECB) (Family: Caesalpiniaceae). The effect of MECB on antioxidant activity, reducing power, free radical scavenging (DPPH radical, nitric oxide radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging), total phenolic content and antimicrobial activities were studied. The antioxidant activity of MECB increased in a dose dependent manner. About 50, 100, 250 and 500 g of MECB showed 53.4, 61.2, 69.1 and 76.2 % inhibition respectively on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion. Like antioxidant activity, the effect of MECB on reducing power increased in a dose dependent manner. The free radical scavenging activity of MECB was determined by DPPH radical scavenging method. The potency of this activity was increased with increased amount of extract. MECB was found to inhibit the nitric oxide radicals generated from sodium nitroprusside $(IC_{50}\;=\;102.8\;g/ml)$ whereas the $IC_{50}$ value of curcumin was 20.4 g/ml. Moreover, the MECB was found to scavenge the superoxide generated by photoreduction of Riboflavin. MECB was also found to inhibit the hydroxyl radical generated by Fenton reaction, where the $IC_{50}$ value is 104.17 g/ml compared with catechin 5 g/ml, which indicates the antioxidant activity of MECB. The MECB capable of scavenging hydrogen peroxide in a concentration-dependent manner. The amounts of total phenolic compounds were also determined. Antimicrobial activities of MECB were carried out using disc diffusion methods with five Gram positive, four Gram negative and four fungal species. The results obtained in the present study indicate that MECB leaves are potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.601-608
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of green kohlrabi juice (GKJ) and purple kohlrabi juice (PKJ) using various in vitro methods. The results of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reducing power, and nitrite scavenging activities showed that GKJ possessed higher antioxidant activity than PKJ. Green kohlrabi powder (GKJP) and purple kohlrabi powder (PKJP) inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, GKJP and PKJP suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by hydrogen peroxide in human dermal fibroblasts. These results suggest that green and purple kohlrabi juices are potential natural sources of antioxidants.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2014

This study was focused on the evaluation of radical scavenging effect and the protective activity against oxidative stress of the extract and fractions from Petasites japonicus. P. japonicus was extracted with methanol and then fractionated into 4 fractions [n-butanol, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methylene chloride, and n-hexane]. The extract and fractions showed strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Among all the fractions, particularly, the EtOAc fraction showed the strongest effect with the $IC_{50}$ value of $0.02{\mu}g/ml$. In addition, the fractions also showed strong hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and nitric oxide scavenging activity as well. Furthermore, cell viability generated by the P. japonicus extract and 4 fractions were examined under C6 glial cellular model. The C6 glial cells showed high generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease in cell viability by the treatment generator of hydrogen peroxide. However, the production of ROS formation was decreased by the treatment of the fractions of P. japonicus and also founded that the EtOAc fraction led to significant increase in the cell viability at concentration $100{\mu}g/ml$. Results from this work indicated that P. japonicus showed protective effects against oxidative stress and its EtOAc fraction may be served as a useful natural antioxidant.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.13 no.3_4
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• pp.105-115
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• 1998

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules due to their unpaired electron. They have been suspected as one of the major tissue damage inducers in biological metabolic systems. Antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase and superoxide dismutase, could not repair all the oxidative damages resulting from those excessive toxic ROS. It is, therefore, urgent to develop effective antioxidants to relieve from the oxidatire damages. In this study antioxidative effects were investigated by using two flavonoids such as quercetin and naringenin and a flavonoid-rich extract, Ginkgo biloba extract in combination with paraquat that is known as a strong generator of oxygen radicals. The results are summeringed as follows: 1. To assess radical scavenging ability reduction concentrations (IC$_{50}$) of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) within 15 minutes were measured. The values of the IC$_{50}$ of quercetin and Ginkgo biloba extract were 15.4 $\mu$M and 13.2$\mu$g/ml, respectively. Their radical removing activities showed concentration-dependent manners. 2. In the hydrogen peroxide assay by using PMS-NADH system, quercetin, naringenin and Ginkgo biloba extract led to removing hydrogen peroxide in concentrationdependent manner whose removing abilities at 100$\mu$M or 100 $\mu$g/ml were 75.6, 25.8 and 26.0%, respectively. 3. In the hydrogen peroxide-induced rat blood hemolysis assay all three compounds led to similar effects whose hemolysis inhibition ratios at 100$\mu$M or 100$\mu$g/ml were 68.0, 5.14 and 55.8%, respectively. 4. In the xanthinee oxidase assay by measuring degree of NADH oxidation in the presence of hypoxanthine and xanthinee oxidase, both quercetin and Ginkgo biloba extract showed excellent activities showing 42.8 and 24.2% inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity at 100$\mu$M or 100$\mu$g/ml concentrations, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.340-344
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• 2008

Coprinus cinereus peroxidase (CiP) was often used as a catalyst for oxidative polymerization of a variety of phenol derivatives to produce a new class of polyphenols. Economical point of view, to know the mechanism of enzyme deactivation is significantly important because cost of enzyme is critically high. Hydrogen peroxide being used as oxidizing agent induced deactivation of peroxidase by destruction of heme structure. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide the stability of peroxidase was unexpectedly improved by adding organic solvent. Especially 2-propanol significantly improved enzyme stability among tested solvents. Radical scavenging by organic solvents may play a major role in protecting peroxidase from the oxidation of oxidizing radicals.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant effects of the extract of Rubi Fructus on TM4 Sertoli cells. Methods : The extract was studied for diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and cell viability assays on Sertoli cells. In addition, hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress on Sertoli cells were examined by MTT assay. The antioxidant enzyme of Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD, catalase protein expression on Sertoli cells were also measured. Results : The results showed that the extract scavenged DPPH radical dose-dependent manner. The extract showed no cytotoxicity at concentration of 1, 5, 10, 50, $100{\mu}g/ml$. The hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity of Sertoli cells was protected to 88.3% by the extract at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD protein expression were significantly increased on Sertoli cells, but catalase protein expression was not significantly changed. Conclusions : In conclusion, the extract of Rubi Fructus has antioxidant effects on Sertoli cells and protect male reproductive system against oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.172-178
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate total polyphenol contents and antioxidative effects of the enzymatic hydrolysates digested by several kinds of carbohydrases from the powder of ripened pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), sweet pumpkin (C. maxima) and green pumpkin (C. moschata). The total polyphenol contents of all enzymatic hydrolysates from green pumpkin powder were higher than those of ripened and sweet pumpkins. DPPH radical scavenging activities of the enzymatic hydrolysates digested by AMG and Termamyl from green pumpkin were also very strong compared to ripened and sweet pumpkins. However, the most enzymatic hydrolysates of ripened and sweet pumpkin powders, except Viscozyme digestion, were higher superoxide anion scavenging activities than green pumpkin powder. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities in the enzymatic digests (not Ultroflo) of green pumpkin were potent compared to other pumpkin powders whereas hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were low at less than 14% in hydrolysates of all pumpkin species. Nitric oxide scavenging activities were very effective in Viscozyme digests of sweet and green pumpkin, and other enzymatic hydrolysates also showed higher activity than $\alpha$-tocopherol control (not BHT).

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.141-154
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• 2015

Objective : In this paper, we investigated the anti-oxidative capacities and protective effects of water extract of palmul-tang (PMT) against Ultraviolet B(UVB)-induced oxidative damage in human keratinocytes(HaCaT). Method : To evaluate the anti-oxidative activities of PMT, we measured scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation and reducing power of PMT. To give an oxidative stress to HaCaT cells, UVB was irradiated with $40mJ/cm^2$ to HaCaT cells. To detect the protective effects of PMT against UVB, we measured cell viability, apoptotic bodies and reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation. Results : PMT showed the anti-oxidative activities by scavenging DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation. Also PMT showed high reducing values. The UVB-induced oxidative conditions led to the cell apoptosis. However, treatment with PMT reduced oxidative stress conditions, including inhibition of cell apoptosis and expression of ROS. Conclusion : PMT had anti-oxidative activities and exhibited protective effects against UVB on HaCaT cells. PMT would be useful for the development of cosmetics treating UVB-induced skin aging.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2011

Insampaedok-san is a traditional medicine used for the treatment of colds. We investigated several compounds in Insampeadok-san, and tested their neuroprotective and anti-oxidative activities after fermentation with Lactobacillus. The amounts of four marker compounds (ferulic acid, hesperidin, 6-gingerol and glycyrrhizin) and unidentified compounds in Insampaedok-san (IS) and fermented Insampaedok-san (FIS) were measured and compared by an established HPLC-DAD method. Neuroprotective activity of IS and FIS extracts was evaluated and compared after glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 cells. Anti-oxidative activity of IS and FIS was also compared in DPPH free radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity assays. Contents of two compounds, ferulic acid and glycyrrhizin were decreased while 6-gingerol was increased by fermentation. FIS showed more potent neuroprotective activity than IS. DPPH, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging was slightly increased by FIS when compared to IS. In conclusion, fermentation with Lactobacillus can vary the amounts of the marker compounds in IS and improve neuroprotective and anti-oxidative activities of IS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2003

The ethanol extract of peony root (Paeonia Lactiflora Pall, Paeoniaceae) and its major active components including gallic acid and methyl gallate were evaluated for their protective effects against free radical generation and lipid peroxidation. And protective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA damage in a mammalian cell line were performed. The ethanol extract of peony root (PRE), gallic acid and methyl gallate were shown to possess the significant free radical scavenging effect against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical generation and were revealed the inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation as expressed by malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. They were also found to strongly inhibit hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage from NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, oral administration of 50% PRE (50% ethanol extract), gallic acid and methyl gallate potently inhibited micronucleated reticulocyte (MNRET) formation of mouse peripheral blood induced by KBrO3 treatment in vivo. Therefore, PRE containing gallic acid and methyl gallate may be a useful natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protecting oxidative DNA damage.