• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2012

This paper presents a three-dimensional, transient cold-start polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) model to numerically evaluate the effects of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) design and cell location in a PEFC stack on PEFC cold start behaviors. The cold-start simulations show that the end cell experiences significant heat loss to the sub-freezing ambient and thus finally cold-start failure due to considerable ice filling in the cathode catalyst layer. On the other hand, the middle cells in the stack successfully start from $-30^{\circ}C$ sub-freezing temperature due to rapid cell temperature rise owing to the efficient use of waste heat generated during the cold-start. In addition, the simulation results clearly indicate that the cathode catalyst layer (CL) composition and thickness have an substantial influence on PEFC cold-start behaviors while membrane thickness has limited effect mainly due to inefficient water absorption and transport capability at subzero temperatures.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2016

The development need of new renewable energy is more and more important to resolve exhaustion of chemical fuels and environmental pollution. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell has been widely studied to the extent that it can be used commercially. But there are many problems to be solved. One of them is to enhance the stability of fuel cell stacks. This paper proposes a new fault diagnosis method using Least Square Method (LSM) which is one of parameter estimation methods. The proposed method extracts equivalent circuit parameters from on-line measurements. Parameters of the circuit are estimated according to normal and abnormal states using simulation. The variation of parameters estimated in each states enables the estimation of state in fuel cells. Thus the LSM presented can be a suitable on-line parameter estimation method in PEMFC.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2010

A 5kW class SOFC cogeneration system consisted of a hot box part, a cold BOP (balance of plant) part, and a hot water reservoir. The hot box part contained a stack, a fuel reformer, a catalytic combustor, and heat exchangers. A cold BOP part was composed of blowers, pumps, a water trap, and system control units. A 5kW stack was designed to integrate 2 sub-modules. In this paper, the 5kW class SOFC system was operated using 2 short stacks connected in parallel to test the sub-module and the system. A short stack had 15 cells with $15{\times}15 cm^2$ area. When a natural gas was used, the total power was about 1.38 kW at 120A. Because the sub-modules were connected in parallel and current was loaded using a DC load, voltages of sub-modules were same and the currents were distributed according to the resistance of sub-modules. The voltage of the first stack was 11.46 V at 61A and the voltage of the second stack was 11.49V at 59A.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2019

Numerical visualization is conducted to confirm the variation of flow characteristics and pressure drop by the shape of channels on the cathode flow path in hydrogen fuel cells for unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs). Generally, a light-weight fan is commonly used rather than a heavy air compressor at UAVS. However, in case of blower fan, a large pressure drop in the flow path causes the blocking of the oxygen supply to the fuel cell. Therefore, the uniformity of flow inside the cathode has to be achieved by changing the shape of the cathode. The flow channel, the duct shape, and the diameter of the fan are changed to optimize the flow path. As a result, it is confirmed that the optimal flow path can decrease the velocity difference between the center and outer flow by 1.8%. However, It should be noted that the channel size can increase the pressure drop.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.26-39
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• 2022

Considering the recent substantial increase in national research and development (R&D) budgets in the energy sector there has been increased Interest in the effectiveness of government R&D investments. We conducted a case study to calculate the allowable scale and effectiveness of R&D investment by calculating the direct performance improvement effect resulting from R&D investment as an economic value. Using conditions that existed prior to R&D investments as a reference, five cases in which performance improved due to R&D investments were compared and analyzed. The government's financial investment is increasing rapidly in line with the establishment of the national hydrogen roadmap. R&D is needed to enhance the current low technology readiness level of hydrogen fuel cells compared to solar and wind energy fields. Therefore, an R&D project to improve the performance of the fuel cell system was selected as this case study's subject. Using the results in this study, the allowable level of investment in the task unit of national R&D projects could be calculated. Moreover, it is advisable to provide a standard for rational decision making for new R&D investments since it is possible to determine investment priorities among a large number of candidates.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.361-364
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• 2009

KEPRI has studied planar type SOFC stacks using anode-supported single cells and kW class co-generation systems for residential power generation. A 1kW class SOFC system consisted of a hot box part, a cold BOP part and a water reservoir. A hot box part contains a SOFC stack made up of 48 cells with $10{\times}10cm^2$ area and ferritic stainless steel interconnectors, a fuel reformer, a catalytic combustor and heat exchangers. Thermal management and insulation system were especially designed for self-sustainable operation. A cold BOP part was composed of blowers, pumps, a water trap and system control units. When a 1kW class SOFC system was operated at $750^{\circ}C$ with hydrogen, the stack power was 1.2kW at 30 A and 1.6kW at 50A. Turning off an electric furnace, the SOFC system was operated using hydrogen and city gas without any external heat source. Under self-sustainable operation conditions, the stack power was about 1.3kW with hydrogen and 1.2kW with city gas respectively. The system also recuperated heat of about 1.1kW by making hot water. Recently KEPRI developed stacks using $15{\times}15cm^2$ cells and tested them. KEPRI will develop a 5 kW class CHP system using $15{\times}15cm^2$ stacks by 2010.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.602-608
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• 2014

저탄소 친환경 대체 에너지의 한 분야인 수소에너지는 화석연료의 개질 및 물의 전기분해 등 다양한 방법을 통해 얻어진다. 수소를 연료로 사용하는 연료전지인 PEMFC용 1kW급 평판형 수소생산시스템을 자체 개발하였다. FEMFC는 CO에 의한 오염에 민감하므로 공급되는 개질가스 중에 CO 농도는 10ppm 이하로 제거되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 실험조건에서 $H_2$ 및 CO의 농도를 측정하여 최적의 운전조건을 확립하였다. 결과적으로 A/F ratio ${\alpha}=1.3$, STR temperature 1023K, S/C ratio 3, and $PrOx1{\cdot}2$ 30cc/min에서 최적임을 확인하였다. 또한 PrOx 2단이 CO 농도를 줄이는데 더욱 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 실리카 복합막 기반 고분자 전해질막을 5단 연료전지 스택에 적용하여 성능 평가를 수행하였다. 이를 통하여, 개별 구성 요소의 성능도 중요하지만, 전체적인 관점에서 공급되는 연료의 유량이 스택 성능에 중요한 역할을 하며, 특히 수소의 유량에 크게 의존한다는 사실이 확인하였다. 산소의 유량을 증가시켜도 성능의 변화는 미미한 반면, 수소의 유량을 증가시키면 성능이 향상되는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 수소의 유량 증가는 수소와 산소 유량 비율의 불균형을 초래하여 장기적으로는 스택 성능과 내구성을 저하시키는 문제가 관찰되었다. 이러한 현상을 스택 구성 요소 및 개별 단위 셀에서도 관찰할 수 있었으며, 따라서 스택 운전 시 각 구성 요소의 성능을 최적화하는 것 외에도 균일한 유량 제어를 위해 유로 설계 및 운전 조건을 최적화하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 실리카 복합막은 최대 출력 기준 25 W 이상의 성능을 나타내어 실제 연료전지 시스템에 적용하기에 충분한 성능을 갖춘 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2023

Efforts have been made to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from ships by limiting the energy efficiency index, and net zero CO₂ emission was proposed recently. The most ideal measure to achieve zero emission ship is electrification, and fuel cells are considered as a practical power source of the electrified propulsion system. The electric efficiency in the electrochemical reaction of fuel cells can be achieved up to 60% practically. The remaining energy is converted to heat energy but most of them are dissipated by cooling. In the author's previous research, a hybrid propulsion system utilizing not only electricity but also heat was introduced by combining electric motor and steam turbine. In this article, long term efficiency is evaluated for the introduced hybrid propulsion system by considering a virtual 24,000 TEU class container carrier model. To reflect a more practical operating condition, the actual navigation data of a similar real ship in the real world were collected from automatic identification system data and applied. From the result, the overall efficiency of the hybrid propulsion system is expected to be higher than a conventional electric propulsion fuel cell ship by 30%.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.558-559
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• 2008

본 논문은 미 일리노이 주립대 어바나-샴페인 캠퍼스에서 주로 군사용 응용 관련하여 개발 중인 마이크로 PEM 연료전지 시스템 개발에 대한 논문이다. 본 연구는 수소 저장 장치까지 포함하여 1 $mm^3$의 초소형 연료전지 시스템을 목표로 진행 중이며 본 논문은 이러한 진행 과정 중 화학적 하이드라이드 기반의 수소 발생기와 10 $mm^3$의 시스템 개발 과정에 대해 보고한다.