• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2002

The study was performed to evaluate the effect of landfill leachate on the hydraulic conductivity of Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) with two types of leachate. GCL used in waste landfills have a significant ability as a barrier material, however, they also have a potential danger when exposed to some organic and inorganic leachate as well as humic materials. In this study, swelling tests and hydraulic conductivity tests were performed to evaluate the effect of humic materials and landfill leachate on the hydraulic characteristics of the GCL. The result of swelling tests showed that the amount of humic materials and high electronic conductivity caused a decrease of the swelling of bentonite. This is expected to increase the hydraulic conductivity of GCL. The increasing of hydraulic conductivity observed for GCL permeated with 0-leachate was significantly higher than that of Y-leachate. This result shows that humic materials are obviously affecting with the increasing of hydraulic conductivity of GCL.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.64-69
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• 1981

A field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of visible biopores (larger than 0.2 mm in diameter) on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of Bonryang sandy loam (Coarse loamy over sandy, mixed, mesic family of Typic Udifluvents) developed on alluvial plains. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was significantly correlated with the equivalent permeble surface area (EPSA) which was calculated from the number of various sized biopores in the soil observed by naked eye, and negatively correlated with the bulk density. The effect of biopores on the saturated hydraulic conductivity was remarkable in subsoil al though it was not pronounced in plowed layer and sandy substrata. The bulk density was found to be correlated with the number and the EPSA of the visible biopores. A remarkable spatial variability was observed in the number of biopore and the bulk density.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.107-115
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• 2009

The labyrinth weir can be applied to increase the overflow rate, maintain constant water depth and improve water quality. This weir can be defined that the plane shape of overflow part is not straight line and is a kind of weir having overflow length increased by changing its plane shape. There are relatively few studies related to effect of maintaining the water depth which has been used to consider for various functions as hydraulic facilities and design conditions of labyrinth weirs. Thus, it is needed to conduct studies related to the maintenance of water depth by the labyrinth weir. This study was to provide fundamental data which may become a facilitator for more accurate and proper design of hydraulic facilities related to the maintenance of water depth. The ranges of constant water depth ($H_t/P=0.08\sim0.27$) were provided for the triangle type labyrinth weir, and the effect of maintaining water depth was analyzed using hydraulic laboratory experiments and 3D-numerical simulations(Flow-3D).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) can be a cost-effective and renewable geothermal energy source, depending on site-specific and thermohydraulic conditions. To design an effective ATES system having the effect of groundwater movement, understanding of thermohydraulic processes is necessary. The heat transfer phenomena for an aquifer heat storage are simulated by using FEFLOW with the scenario of heat pump operation with pumping and waste water reinjection in a two layered confined aquifer model. Temperature distribution of the aquifer model is generated, and hydraulic heads and temperature variations are monitored at the both wells during 365 days. The average groundwater velocities are determined with two hydraulic gradient sets according to boundary conditions, and the effect of groundwater flow are shown at the generated thermal distributions of three different depth slices. The generated temperature contour lines at the hydraulic gradient of 0.001 are shaped circular, and the center is moved less than 5 m to the direction of groundwater flow in 365 days simulation period. However at the hydraulic gradient of 0.01, the contour center of the temperature are moved to the end of east boundary at each slice and the largest movement is at bottom slice. By the analysis of thermal interference data between two wells the efficiency of the heat pump system model is validated, and the variation of heads is monitored at injection, pumping and no operation mode.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.1556-1568
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• 2021

The plate-type fuel assembly adopted in nuclear research reactor suffers from complicated effect induced by non-uniform irradiation, which might affect stress conditions, mechanical behaviors and thermal-hydraulic performance of the fuel assembly. This paper is the Part II work of a two-part study devoted to analyzing the complex unique mechanical deformation and thermal-hydraulic characteristics for the typical plate-type fuel assembly under irradiation effect, which is on the basis of developed and verified numerical thermal-fluid-structure coupling methodology under irradiation in Part I of this work. The mechanical deformation, thermal-hydraulic performance and Mises stress have been analyzed for the typical plate-type fuel assembly consisting of support plates under non-uniform irradiation. It was interesting to observe that: the plate-type fuel assembly including the fuel plates and support plates tended to bend towards the location with maximum fission rate; the hot spots in the fuel foil appeared at the location with maximum thickness increment; the maximum Mises stress of fuel foil was located at the adjacent location with the maximum plate thickness increment et al.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2021

During multi-stage fracturing in a low permeable shale formation, stress interference occurs between the stages which is called the "stress shadow effect(SSE)". The effect may alter the fracture propagation direction and induce ununiform geometry. In this study, the stress shadow effect on the hydraulic fracture geometry and the well productivity were investigated by the commercial full-3D fracture model, GOHFER. In a homogeneous reservoir model, a multi-stage fracturing process was performed with or without the SSE. In addition, the fracturing was performed on two shale reservoirs with different geomechanical properties(Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio) to analyze the stress shadow effect. In the simulation results, the stress change caused by the fracture created in the previous stage switched the maximum/minimum horizontal stress and the lower productivity L-direction fracture was more dominating over the T-direction fracture. Since the Marcellus shale is more brittle than more dominating over the T-direction fracture. Since the Marcellus shale is more brittle than the relatively ductile Eagle Ford shale, the fracture width in the former was developed thicker, resulting in the larger fracture volume. And the Marcellus shale's Young's modulus is low, the stress effect is less significant than the Eagle Ford shale in the stage 2. The stress shadow effect strongly depends on not only the spacing between fractures but also the geomechanical properties. Therefore, the stress shadow effect needs to be taken into account for more accurate analysis of the fracture geometry and for more reliable prediction of the well productivity.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 1999

Air-drived rotating biological contactor (RBC) system, which is effective method in filtering performance, was tested for the nitrification capacity in a recirculating system. At ammonia concentrations between 0.029 and 0.528 mg/l, the effect of ammonia loading rate on ammonia removal rate at three different hydraulic loading rates could be defined by the following first­order regression models: Hydraulic loading rate of $14.8 m^3/m^3/day:\;y=39.2\times+3.4 (r^2=0.9137)$, Hydraulic loading rate of $26.5 m^3/m^3/day: y=53.3\times+4.0 (r^2=0.8686)$, Hydraulic loading rate of $37.3 m^3/m^3/day: y=58.4\times+4.2 (r^2=0.7755)$, where, $\times$ is ammonia loading rate (mg/l), y is ammonia removal rate $(g/m^3/day)$, The equations showed the optimal ammonia removal rate at the hydraulic loading rate of $26.5m^3/m^3/day$. Below the ammonia concentration of 2.72 mg/l, first-order regression models between ammonia loading rate and ammonia removal rate at three different rates of speed are defined as follows: Rotational speed of $0.75 rpm: y=28.5\times+4.7 (r^2=0.9143)$, Rotational speed of $1.0 rpm: y=33.6\times+8.4 (r^2=0.9534)$, Rotational speed of $2.0 rpm: y=28.9\times+3.6 (r^2=0.9488)$, where, x is ammonia loading rate (mg/l), y is ammonia removal rate $(g/m^3day)$. The equations show the ammonia removal rate at the rotational speed of 1.0 rpm is significantly higher than that at the rotational speed of either 0.75 rpm or 2.0 rpm (P<0.05).

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.604-608
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• 2015

In this paper, we study the characteristics of heat transfer for an insulated multi-core tube using glass wool as an insulator for the multi-core tube. By performing experiments and modeling, we examine the variations in the temperature characteristics of hydraulic oil inside the multi-core tube with atmosphere temperature, inlet temperature, and the flow rate of hydraulic oil for the insulated multi-core tube that we developed. When the minimum inlet flow rate of hydraulic oil employed within the scope of the research is 0.29 l/min, the temperature difference obtained in the experiments and numerical analysis was a maximum of $3^{\circ}C$. For a constant atmospheric temperature, as the inlet temperature of the hydraulic oil increases, the outlet temperature of the hydraulic oil will also increase, regardless of its inlet flow rate. Further, when the inlet flow rate of the hydraulic oil is more than 1.01 l/min, the effect of the atmospheric temperature on the temperature drop of the hydraulic oil is low.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2017

As a measure of the combined effect of fracture geometry, the fabric tensor parameters could quantify the status of the connected fluid flow paths in discrete fracture network (DFN). The correlation analysis between fabric tensor parameters and hydraulic properties of the 2-D DFN was performed in this study. It is found that there exists a strong nonlinear relationship between the directional conductivity and the fabric tensor component estimated in the direction normal to the direction of hydraulic conductivity. The circular radial plots without significant variation of the first invariant ($F_0$) of fabric tensor for different sized 2-D DFN block are a necessary condition for treating representative element volume (REV) of a fractured rock mass. The relative error (ER) between the numerically calculated directional hydraulic conductivity and the theoretical directional hydraulic conductivity decreases with the increase in $F_0$. A strong functional relation seems to exist between the $F_0$ and the average block hydraulic conductivity.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Spool displacement of a direction control valve is the standard signal to measure the bandwidth frequency of the direction control valve. When the spool displacement signal is not available, it is suggested in this study to use the metering hydraulic line as an alternative way to measure - 90 degree phase bandwidth frequency of the hydraulic direction control valve. Dynamics of the hydraulic line is composed of inertia, capacitance, and friction effects. The effect of oil inertia is dominant in common hydraulic line dynamics and the line dynamics is close to a derivative action in a range of high frequency; such as a range of bandwidth frequency of common directional control valves. Phase difference between spool displacement and line load pressure is nearly constant as a valve close to 90 degree. If phase difference is compensated from the phase between valve input and pressure, compensated phase may be almost same as the phase of spool displacement that is a standard signal to measure phase bandwidth frequency of the directional control valve. A series of experiments were conducted to examine the possibility of using line pressure in to measure phase bandwidth frequency of a directional control valve. Phase bandwidth frequency could be measured with relatively high precision based on metering hydraulic line technique and it reveals consistent results even when valve input, oil temperature, and supply pressure change.