• 유기물자원화
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2009

수리전도도는 다공성매체 시스템의 중요한 특성인자이다. 수리전도도를 측정하는 방법은 실외측정방법과 실내측정방법이 있다. 수리전도도의 실내측정은 일반적으로 투수측정기를 이용한다. 기존의 투수측정방식으로 산정한 수리전도도는 경계흐름의 영향을 고려하지 않고 모든 유체가 수직으로 이동한다는 가정으로 결정되었다. 하지만 실제 토양에서 유체는 수직, 좌우 방향으로 이동할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 경계흐름을 배제한 투수계를 이용하여 경계흐름이 수리전도도에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 실험결과 기존방식으로 산정한 수리전도도에 비해 경계흐름을 배제한 수리전도도가 약 1/3에 해당하였다. 투수측정기를 이용한 수리 전도도 측정에 있어 경계흐름에 대한 영향을 고려한 수리전도도 결정이 필요하다. 또한 토양 입경과 계면활성제가 수리전도도에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 토양입경과 수리전도도는 비례하는 것으로 나타났으며 계면활성제는 수리전도도를 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 계면활성제 농도가 증가할수록 수리전도도는 보다 많이 감소하였다. 수리전도도를 결정하는 물리적 특성을 평가한 결과 유체의 점도가 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1119-1127
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• 2000

Convective heat transfer in a channel filled with porous media has been analyzed in this paper. The two-equation model is applied for the heat transfer analysis with the velocity profile, considering both the inertia and viscous effects. Based on a theoretical solution, the effect of the velocity profile on the convective heat transfer is investigated in detail. The Nusselt number is obtained in terms of the relevant physical parameters, such as the Biot number for the internal heat exchange, the ratio of effective conductivities between the fluid and solid phases, and hydraulic boundary layer thickness. The results indicate that the influence of the velocity profile is characterized within two regimes according to the two parameters, the Biot number and the conductivity ratio between the phases. The decrease in the heat transfer due to the hydraulic boundary layer thickness is 15% at most within a practical range of the pertinent parameters.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2021

지반의 열-수리 현상에 대한 수치해석에서 경계조건은 해석결과의 정확도에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 지반과 대기의 상호작용을 고려한 열-수리 경계조건을 제시하였다. 지면의 에너지 평형은 태양복사, 지구복사, 바람에 의한 대류, 수분 증발에 대한 잠열 그리고 지중으로의 열전도로 구성된다. 각각의 열흐름에 대한 방정식을 제시하고, 불포화 지반의 열-수리 현상에 대한 해석프로그램과 연계하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 울산기상대에서 관측된 기상데이터를 이용한 수리-열적 해석에서 실측된 지표면 온도와 수치해석 결과가 매우 유사하였다. 낮시간의 수분 증발에 의한 잠재열은 비포장 지면의 온도를 낮추며, 야간시간에는 지면조건의 영향이 감소한 열적평형 상태에 도달하였다. 지면의 온도변화는 지중으로 깊어질수록 열확산으로 감소하였다. 지표면의 온도가 주요 관심사인 수치해석에서는 지반과 대기의 열-수리적 상호작용을 고려한 수치해석을 수행해야 한다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2012

Friction reduction between sliding hydraulic machine components is required to improve efficiency and reliability of hydraulic machineries. It is recently reported that surface texturing on sliding bearing surfaces can reduce the friction force highly. In this paper, numerical analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of dimple numbers and inlet boundary pressures on the lubrication characteristics of a parallel sliding bearing using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT. The results show that the pressure distribution, load capacity, dimensionless friction force and leakage with dimple number and their locations, and inlet pressures. The overall lubrication characteristics are highly affected by dimple numbers and boundary pressure. The numerical method adopted and results can be used in design of efficient hydraulic machine components.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.342-347
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• 2003

In this paper, an active vibration control of a translating tensioned string with the use of an electro-hydraulic servo mechanism at the right boundary is investigated. The dynamics of the moving strip is modeled as a string with tension by using Hamilton’s principle for the systems with changing mass. The control objective is to suppress the transverse vibrations of the strip via boundary control. A right boundary control law in the form of current input to the servo valve based upon the Lyapunov’s second method is derived. It is revealed that a time-varying boundary force and a suitable passive damping at the right boundary can successfully suppress the transverse vibrations. The exponential stability of the closed loop system is proved. The effectiveness of the control laws proposed is demonstrated via simulations.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.57-73
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• 1999

Baroclinic hydraulic model experiments on the time-varying states of the flow pattern and water exchange in Sagami Bay were carried out based on quasi-steady state experiments on the flow pattern. For the model experiments, density changes as well as time changes in the volume transport of the upper layer were executed to investigate the flow response of the bay in the case of a sudden inflow of low density water and variable volume transport into the Sagami Bay. The results of the model experiments showed that when the volume transport was increased frontal eddies or frontal wave streamers from the Kuroshio Through Flow were transferred to the inner part of the bay along with cyclonic circulation in the bay. In addition, density boundary currents appeared and flowed along the eastern boundary of the bay. As the upper layer density decreased, frontal eddies, frontal streamers and coastal boundary density currents occurred and proceeded along the eastern boundary of the bay at a high speed.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2001

The stress distributions of hydranlic actuator cylinder tube acting in uniform inner pressure were analysed by the boundary element method(BEM). STKM13C tube was utilized for machine structural purposes model, its inner radius was 100 mm and outer radius was 140 mm. Axial length was semi-infinite and the isoparametric element of BEM was used. Radial and tangential stresses are maximum(-20.3 MPa and 52 MPa) at the inner radius and the minimum at the outer radius of the hydraulic actuator cylinders for an industrial systems. Stress diminution ratio was about 0.6 MPa/mm. And then coincidence between the simulation techniques as exact results(Lame' equation) and finite element method(FEM) is found to be fairly good, showing that the proposed analysis by BEM is reliable.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제80권5호
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• pp.553-562
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• 2021

In this paper, a hybrid scaled boundary finite element and finite volume method (SBFEM-FVM) is proposed for simulating hydraulic-fracture propagation in brittle concrete materials. As a semi-analytical method, the scaled boundary finite element method is introduced for modelling concrete crack propagation under both an external force and water pressure. The finite volume method is employed to model the water within the crack and consider the relationship between the water pressure and the crack opening distance. The cohesive crack model is used to analyse the non-linear fracture process zone. The numerical results are compared with experimental data, indicating that the F-CMOD curves and water pressure changes under different loading conditions are approximately the same. Different types of water pressure distributions are also studied with the proposed coupled model, and the results show that the internal water pressure distribution has an important influence on crack propagation.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2008

라이닝 작용수압과 유입량은 지하수 수위 아래 혹은 하 해저터널 설계시 중요하게 고려되어야할 수리요소이다. 이 요소들은 수심, 심도, 수리경계조건의 영향을 받는다. 본 논문에서는 각 설계요소가 라이닝하중과 유입량에 미치는 영향을 수치해석적 도구를 이용하여 살펴보았다. 수심영향해석은 심도 30 m에 건설된 마제형 터널에 대하여 수심과 라이닝/지반 상대투수계수 비를 다양하게 변화시켜 조사하였고, 심도영향 해석은 수심 60 m의 터널에 대하여 심도 및 라이닝/지반 상대투수계수 비를 변화시켜 해석하였다. 해석결과 수리경계조건과 상관없이 수심 및 심도가 증가함에 따라 지반하중이 증가하였다. 이는 배수터널은 침투력의 영향으로, 비배수 터널은 정수압의 영향으로 수두가 증가함에 따라 지반하중이 증가함을 보여준 것이다. 수심, 심도의 증가에 따라 유입량은 선형적으로 증가하였으며, 라이닝/지반 상대투수계수비와 유입량관계는 펼쳐진 S자 곡선(stretched S-curve)형태로 나타남을 확인하였다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.204-209
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• 2004

This paper describes dynamic manipulability analysis of robotic arms moving in viscous fluid. The Manipulability is a functionality of manipulator system in a given configuration and under the limits of joint ability with respect to the tasks required to bt performed. To investigate the manipulability of underwater robotic arms, a modeling and analysis method are presented. The dynamic equation of motion of underwater manipulator is derived from the Lagrange - Euler equation considering with the hydraulic forces caused by added mass, buoyancy and hydraulic drag. The hydraulic drag term in the equation: is established as analytical form using Denavit - Hartenberg (D-H) link coordination of manipulator. Two analytical approaches based on Manipulability Ellipsoid are presented to visualize the manipulability of robotic arm moving in viscous fluid. The one is scaled ellipsoid which transforms the boundary of joint torque to acceleration boundary of end-effector by normalizing the torque in joint space while the other is shifted ellipsoid which depicts total acceleration boundary of end-effector by shifting the ellipsoid in work space. An analysis example of 2-link manipulator with proposed analysis scheme is presented to validate the method.