• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.318-321
• /
• 2000

Most compressive strengths commonly used in the construction field are in a range of 240 to 300 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at 28 days. To get this rage of strengths, however, high-flowing concrete requires cementitious binders more than 400 to 450 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ for preventing segregation and sedimentation of aggregates. This amount of cementitious binder generates a large emission of excessive hydration heat, which may consequently induce harmful cracks in concrete structure. In order to reduce excessive hydration heat, thus, this paper aims at fabricating a high-flowing concrete under the condition that cement content is kept as low as 350kg/$\textrm{cm}^3$ by using viscose agents. In a parametric study, effects of cement types such as a ternary blended cement and Type V on he physical characteristics of high-flowing concrete were evaluated. In addition, the influence of viscosity was also investigated by applying two different viscose agents, one in a range of 6,000 to 10,000 cps and the others of 10,000 to 14,000 cps. In terms of chemical admixtures used in concrete mixture, the superplasticizer was Sulfonated Melamine-Formaldehyde Condensate with about 30,000 of molecular weight, and main component of viscose agent was HPMC (Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose). Slump flow was fixed at 50cm with different dosages of superplasticizer in weight.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 2007

Fixation of lead contaminants in the solidification/stabilization using Portland cement has been investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and compressive strength. The presence of lead was observed to produce lead carbonate sulfate hydroxide ($Pb_4SO_4(CO_3)_2(OH)_2$), lead carbonate hydroxide hydrate ($3PbCO_3{\cdot}2Pb(OH)_2{\cdot}H_2O$) and two other unidentified lead salts in cavity areas and was observed to significantly retard the hydration of cement. By 28 days, howevere, the XRD peaks of most of the lead precipitates have essentially disappeared with only residual traces of lead carbonate sulfate hydroxide and lead carbonate hydroxide hydrate evident. After 28 days of curing, hydration appears well advanced with a strong portlandite peak present though C-S-H gel peaks are not particularly evident. Lead species produced with the dissolution of lead precipitates are fixed into the cement matrix to be calcium lead silicate hydrate (C-Pb-S-H) during cement-based solidification.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.569-576
• /
• 2006

PC계 2원 공중합체를 분자량이 2080인 MPEG와 (polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate, Mn=2080) 몰 비가 2, 3, 4인 mono-carboxylic aicd(AA acrylic acid)를 사용하여 합성하고, MPEG와 mono-carboxylic aicd에 dicarboxylic acid(ITA, MAL)를 추가하여 3원공중합체를 합성하였다. PC계 2, 3원 공중합체가 시멘트페이스트 수화 반응에 미치는 영향성을 평가하고, 분석하기위해 각각의 시편을 만들어 재령(1일, 3일, 28일)별로 적외선 분광법(FT-IR), X-선 회절분석(XRD), 시차주사열계량법(DSC), 주사전자현미경(SEM)을 사용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 2, 3원 공중합체 모두 재령 1일에서는 다소 수화 반응 속도가 지연되었으나, 시간 경과에 따라 수화 지연은 완화되었으며 3원공중합체보다 2원공중합체가 수화가 더 활발히 진행되었는데 이는 3원공중합체에 비해 상대적으로 2원 공중합체가 가진 낮은 카복실기 함량 때문이다. 2AA계를 적용한 PC계 2원 공중합체의 경우 재령 3일에서 수화반응이 가장 활발하게 일어났고, AA의 몰비가 증가할수록 2원 공중합체의 수화 지연성은 커지는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 2015

PURPOSES : Recently, bonded concrete overlay has been used as an alternative solution in concrete pavement rehabilitation since its material properties are similar to those of the existing concrete pavements. Deteriorated concrete pavements need rapid rehabilitation in order to prevent traffic jams on Korean expressways. Moreover, speedy and effective repair methods are required. Therefore, the use of bonded concrete overlay with ultra-rapid hardening cement has increased in an effort to reopen promptly the expressways in Korea. However, mobile mixer is required for ultra-rapid hardening cement concrete mixing in the construction site. The use of mobile mixer causes various disadvantages aforementioned such as limitation of the construction supply, open-air storage of mixing materials, increase in construction cost, and etc. In this study, therefore, hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete produced in concrete plant is attempted in order to avoid the disadvantages of existing bonded concrete overlay method using ultra-rapid hardening cement. METHODS : Bonded concrete overlay materials using ultra-rapid hardening cement should be meet all the requirements including structural characteristics, compatibility, durability for field application. Therefore, This study aimed to evaluate the application of hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete by evaluating structural characteristics, compatibility, durability and economic efficiency for bonded concrete overlay. RESULTS : Test results of structural characteristics showed that the compressive, flexural strength and bond strength were exceed 21MPa, 3.15MPa and 1.4MPa, respectively, which are the target strengths of four hours age for the purpose of prompt traffic reopening. In addition, tests of compatibility, such as drying shrinkage, coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus of elasticity, and durability (chloride ions penetration resistance, freezing-thawing resistance, scaling resistance, abrasion resistance and crack resistance), showed that the hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete were satisfied the required criteria. CONCLUSIONS : It was known that the hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete overlay method was applicable for bonded concrete overlay and was a good alternative method to substitute the existing bonded concrete overlay method since structural characteristics, compatibility, durability were satisfied the criteria and its economic efficiency was excellent compare to the existing bonded concrete overlay methods.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제34권10호
• /
• pp.1027-1036
• /
• 1997

The reology and several physical properties of cements are studied by varying the different mineral composition and particle size distribution(PSD) of cements with closed circuit ball mill for high workability, low heat of hydration, and high strength. In this study, we found that the workability of concretes is related to the viscosity of cement, and affects to strength. Here, this workability is affected by mineral composition (C3A) and the PSD. Especially, rosin-rammer index and 44${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ residue in the PSD of cements are affected to water demand, casting property, slump loss, strength of cements. From the above results, the conditions of cement for high workability, low heat of hydration and high strength are to use low C3A clinker, 5-10% slag addition, and to grind cement below 0.7 rosin-rammer index, above 3.5-4.5% 44 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ residue, 4000$\pm$100 $\textrm{cm}^2$/g blaine. Such cements are, therefore, supurior to super low heat cement and slag-blended cement in comparing the physical properties of strength, slump, slump-flow, adiabetic temperature, etc.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2014

지연제는 수화열 저감에 이용될 수 있다. 대표적 지연제로는 설탕 및 포도당이 존재하는데, 이들은 응결시간의 지연효과가 너무 강해 조심하여 사용해야만 한다. 이러한 지연제의 효과적인 사용을 위해서는 지연효과를 상쇄시킬만한 기술의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 촉진제로 물시멘트비 5의 수화시멘트 분말을 사용하였으며, 이를 지연제와 함께 사용하면 시멘트 페이스트의 최고 수화온도를 저감하면서 수화반응을 촉진할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2020

탄소나노튜브는 우수한 역학성, 전기전도성 등으로 다양한 산업에 이용되고 있다. 건설산업에서는 구조체에 자기센싱 기능을 부여하는 연구가 진행되고 있지만, 연구자들마다 실험결과가 상이하게 나타나고 이에 대한 분석은 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 MWCNT가 첨가된 시멘트페이스트의 수화열, 공극률, 리트벨트 정량분석법, 압축강도, 거리에 따른 전기저항값을 측정하여 수화와 강도특성 및 전기특성을 분석하였다. 실험결과 수화열은 MWCNT가 증가할수록 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 XRD 리트벨트 정량분석법 결과 MWCNT 첨가율 증가에 따른 수화생성물의 양은 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났고, 압축강도 저하의 원은은 공극률 분석결과 MWCNT가 시멘트페이스트내에서 공극의 양을 증가시겼기 때문으로 판단되며 SEM분석결과 MWCNT가 반데르발스힘에 의해 뭉쳐져 있어서 이 부위가 공극 및 취약부로 발생것으로 판단된다. 전기저항값은 첨가율이 증가될수록 감소하여 추후 자기센싱에 대한 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 1989년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 1989

In this paper, morter and concrete specimens made with four cements were immersed in Mgcl2, MgSO4 Solution and artifical Seawater which was corresponded with Seawater. The hydration products of immersed cement pastes were looked over by using SEM, EDS and X-ray diffraction method. The results show that the concrete made with domestic flyash cement and blast-frrnace slag cement is superior to that of ordinary portland cement in resistance to chloride and sulphate solution. Especially, it is found that the attack of Cl-ion on the concrete plays an important role of the deterioration of concrete.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.69-72
• /
• 1999

In this study, we blended 2 grades of ultra fine cement using the results of previous stud. And the cement slurry was produced by water each water/cement ratio. The slurries were observed hydration phenomena during 28 days with SEM, XRD and DSC. The specimen made by slurry were evaluated with the hardened properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength length change and water absorption. And were tested the adhesive strength of specimen made by injecting the slurry between mortar bars.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제27권8호
• /
• pp.1055-1063
• /
• 1990

The early hydration characteristics of the system $C_3S-C_3A-C_4AF$ according to the clinker composition variations, in order to establish the mutual interactionof clinker minerals during the portland cement hydration, have been studied. The early hydration rate of $C_3S$ was greatly effected by the change of $C_3S/C_3A$ ratio. The lower the $C_3S/C_3A$ ratio was, the faster the apex reaching time and the rate of heat liberation of the 2nd exothermic peak originating from the formation of $Ca(OH)_2$ were. The effect of $C_3S/C_3A$ ration on the amounts of $Ca(OH)_2$ formation was decreased, in process of hydration time, but the effect of $C_3S$ content was increased.