• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2013

컴퓨터 게임에 볼륨 가시화 기법이 적용되면서, 하나의 화면에 표면 데이터와 볼륨 데이터를 혼합하여 가시화하려는 요구가 발생하고 있다. 최신 그래픽스 하드웨어의 범용 연산 기능을 사용하면 혼합 가시화를 수행할 수 있으나, 컴퓨터 게임은 저사양 하드웨어에서도 동작해야 하는 경우도 있어 혼합 가시화를 수행하기 어렵다. 본 연구는 DirectX 9.0 기반의 범용 하드웨어에서 볼륨-표면 혼합 가시화를 수행하는 방법을 제안한다. 우선, 표면 데이터를 가시화하여 다중 깊이 영상을 생성하는 방법을 제안한다. 이때, 생성 시간을 단축하는 깊이 복잡도 축소 방법을 제안한다. 이후, 생성된 다중 깊이 영상을 이용하여, 볼륨-표면 혼합 가시화를 수행한다. 혼합 가시화 과정에서 표면 데이터와 볼륨 데이터 사이의 좌표계 변환 방법과 혼합 가시화의 가속화 방법을 제안한다. 이를 통해 볼륨-표면 혼합 가시화를 효율적으로 수행할 수 있다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.470-478
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of moistening mechods of dentin on the morphologic states of hybrid layers and on the interfacial bond strength between dentin and composite. Specimens were divided into 6 groups based on the surface moistening methods and materials used. After the dentin surface was conditioned with 10 % phoporic acid and irrigated: 1. The dentin surface was dried. Then bonding agent and composite were applied. 2. The dentin surface was blot-dryed. Then primer, bonding atent and composite were applied. 3. The dentin surface was dryed first. Within 20 seconds, the surface was rewetted, then primer, bonding agent and composite were applied. 4. The dentin surface was dryed. Then primer, bonding agnent and composite were applied. 5. The dentin surface was dryed first. Atter 24hrs, the surface was rewetted, and then primer, bonding agent and composite were applied. 6. The surface was conditioned with NaOCl for 5min. Then primer, bonding agent and composite were applied. To reveal the hybrid layer, scanning electron microscopy was used after the samples were ion beam etched. The shear bond strength of each group was tom pared by ANOVA. In groups 2, 3 and 4, the hybrid layer was clearly visible, but the width was more limited in group 4. In group 1 and 5, the hybrid layer was not found, and a gap was formed between dentin and composite. In group 6, the hybrid layer was not found, but the interface between the dentin and composite was intimate. The shear bond strength of each group was as follows: Group 1 : 4MPa, Group 2 : 14MPa, Group 3 : 12MPa, Group 4 : 14MPa, Group 5 : 5MPa, Group 6 : 9MPa.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.770-783
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• 2015

Lately, high production rate welding processes for Al alloys, which are used as LNG FPSO cargo containment system material, have been developed to overcome the limit of installation and high rework rates. In particular, plasma-metal inert gas (MIG) hybrid (PMH) welding can be used to obtain a higher deposition rate and lower porosity, while facilitating a cleaning effect by preheating and post heating the wire and the base metal. However, an asymmetric undercut and a black-colored deposit are created on the surface of PMH weld in Al alloys. For controlling the surface defect formation, the wire feeding speed and nozzle diameter in the PMH weld was investigated through arc phenomena with high-speed imaging and metallurgical analysis.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2005

A new numerical scheme solving two-phase flow, the Hybrid VOF method for improved free surface capturing has been developed by combining a volume capturing VOF method with the Level-Set reinitialization procedure. For validation, the proposed method is applied to 3-D bubble rising problem, dam breaking and the free surface flow around a commercial container ship. The calculated results by using the Hybrid VOF method with the two previously applied VOF formulations are compared with available numerical and experimental data. It is found that the new method provides more reasonable results than the two previous ones.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.513-533
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• 1994

The smooth surface after polishing of composite resin contributes to the patient's comfort, and appearance and longevity of the restoration. This study was performed for the quantitative analysis of the effects of the various finishing and polishing instruments on the surface roughness and reflectivity of the microfill, and hybrid composite resins. Cylindrical specimens 2mm thick and 10mm in diameter of Silux Plus, Durafill VS ; Z100, Prisma TPH, Brilliant, and Herculite XR composite resin were polymerized under the matrix strip. 18 specimens for each composite resin materials were divided into 6 groups ; 5 experimental groups were abraded with # 600 sand paper to remove resin-rich layer, except control. Thereafter, using diamond bur(Mani Dia-Burs), carbide bur(E. T. carbide set 4159), rubber point(Composite polishing kit), aluminum-oxide disk(Sof-Lex disk), polishing paste(Enhance system) ; each specimen was polished to its best achievable surface according to manufacturer's directions. Final polished surfaces were evaluated for the surface roughness with profilometer(${\alpha}$-step 200, Tencor instruments, USA) and for the reflectivity with image analyser(Omniment Image Analyser, Buehler, USA). The results were as follows. 1. Polishing paste or aluminum-oxide disk finish in the microfill, and hybrid composite resins was as smooth as matrix strip finish on the surface roughness test. 2. Polishing paste or aluminum-oxide disk finish in the microfill ; polishing paste finish in the hybrid composite resins was as reflective as matrix strip finish on the refectivity test. 3. For the polishing paste, there were no significant differences between the composite resin materials on the surface roughness and refectivity tests. 4. For the aluminum-oxide disk, the best result was obtained with the microfill composite resin on the surface roughness and reflectivity test. 5. Diamond bur, carbide bur, and rubber point were inappropriate for the final polishing instruments.

• 태양에너지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.93-100
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• 1999

The objective of this experimental study was to investigate the characteristics of heat transfer and air flow in two-dimensional impinging jet system, in which hybrid rods have been set up in front of heating surface in order to increase heat transfer. The shape of hybrid rods had a cross section made with a half of circular cross section and that of rectangular. This time, the clearance from hybrid rod to heating surface(C=1, 2, 4mm) and the pitch between each hybrid rods(P=30, 40, 50mm) changed for the transition region(H/B=10). And this result compared with the experimentation without hybrid rod. As a result, heat transfer performance was best under the condition of C=1mm, in case clearance changed, and as the pitch is 30mm, it is largely influenced by eddies and acceleration in case pitch of hybrid rod changed.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2012

We demonstrate the desert beetle back mimicking hybrid superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic patterned surface by using the combination method of colloidal lithography and gravure offset printing for nano and micro patterning, respectively. The two methods are cost-effective and industrially available techniques compared to the other nano/micro patterning methods. To verify the water collecting function of the hybrid surface, the water condensation behavior is investigated on the chilled surface in ambient temperature and high humidity. Due to the synergetic effect of drop and film wise condensation, the hybrid superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surface shows the higher efficiency than one of single wettability surfaces. The work is underway to get the good patterns of hybrid surfaces for water collecting from the dew or fog.

• Carbon letters
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2004

The effects of fiber surface-treatment and sizing on the dynamic mechanical properties of unidirectional and 2-directional carbon fiber/nylon 6 composites by means of dynamic mechanical analysis have been investigated in the present study. The interlaminar shear strengths of 2-directional carbon/nylon 6 composites sized with various thermosetting and thermoplastic resins are also measured using a short-beam shear test method. The result suggests that different surface-treatment levels onto carbon fibers may influence the storage modulus and tan ${\delta}$ behavior of carbon/nylon 6 composites, reflecting somewhat change of the stiffness and the interfacial adhesion of the composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis and short-beam shear test results indicate that appropriate use of a sizing material upon carbon fiber composite processing may contribute to enhancing the interfacial and/or interlaminar properties of woven carbon fabric/nylon 6 composites, depending on their resin characteristics and processing temperature.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 UV 폭로 및 동결융해 환경이 FRP Hybrid Bar의 인장거동 및 표면 열화에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 FRP Hybrid Bar를 대상으로 UV 폭로 및 동결융해 시험을 실시하였다. FRP Hybrid Bar의 경우 UV 폭로 및 동결융해 180cycle 시험 전/후 외관적인 열화가 거의 발생하지 않았다. 또한 FRP Hybrid Bar의 주요 장점 중 하나인 인장경화특성은 동결융해 시험을 거친 이후에도 유지되었는데, 이는 UV 폭로시험을 거친 FRP Hybrid Bar에도 유효하게 평가되었다. UV 폭로시험을 거친 FRP Hybrid Bar는 일반 FRP Hybrid Bar와 거의 비슷한 인장거동을 나타내었으며, 동결융해 180cycle의 진행에도 불구하고 일반철근, FRP Hybrid Bar, UV 폭로를 거친 FRP Hybrid Bar의 인장거동은 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 UV 폭로 및 동결융해 환경이 FRP Hybrid Bar의 외관 및 인장 특성에 큰 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 판단되지만, 충격에 따른 규사코팅의 박락은 콘크리트와의 부착력에 영향을 미치므로 이에 대한 고려가 필요하다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2010

The hybrid structured photo-electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells was fabricated based on the composites of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles and nanowires. Three samples with different hybrid structures were prepared with 17 vol%, 43 vol%, and 100 vol% nanowires. The energy conversion efficiency was enhanced from 5.54% for pure nanoparticle cells to 6.01% for the hybrid structure with 17 vol% nanowires. For the hybrid structured layers with high nanowires concentration (43 vol% and 100 vol%), the efficiency decreased with the nanowire concentration, because of the decrease of specific surface area, and of thus decreased current density. The random orientations of $TiO_2$ nanowires can be preserved by the doctor blade process, resulted in the enhanced efficiency. The hybrid structured $TiO_2$ layer can possess the advantages of the high surface area of nanoparticles and the rapid electron transport rate and the light scattering effect of nanowires.