• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제18권2E호
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• pp.10-17
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• 1999

The aim of the work described in this paper is to develop a complex underground acoustic system which detects and localizes the origin of an underground hammering sound using an array of hydrophones located about 100m underground. Three different methods for the sound localization will be presented, a time-delay method, a power-attenuation method and a hybrid method. In the time-delay method, the cross correlation of the signals received from the array of sensors is used to calculate the time delays between those signals. In the power-attenuation method, the powers of the received signals provide a measure of the distances of the source from the sensors. In the hybrid method, both informations of time-delays and power-ratios are coupled together to produce better performance of position estimation. A new acoustic imaging technique has been developed for improving the hybrid method. This new acoustic imaging method shows the multi-dimensional distribution of the normalized cost function, so as to indicate the trend of the minimizing direction toward the source location. For each method the sound localization is carried out in three dimensions underground. The distance between the true and estimated origins of the source is 28m for a search area of radius 250m.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2021

납자루 Tanakia lanceolata와 한강납줄개 Rhodeus pseudosericeus 간의 속간잡종으로 추정되는 수컷 1개체를 서해안 독립 하천인 보령 대천천에서 채집하였다. 해당 속간잡종 개체의 명확한 기원을 판별하기 위하여 형태학적 및 분자계통학적 분석을 수행하였다. 형태학적 분석 결과, 속간잡종 개체의 등지느러미 앞쪽 상단과 뒷지느러미 가장자리의 색상, 등과 배 쪽 색상 등은 납자루의 형태적 특징을 따랐으며, 미병부 중앙에 파란색 체측종대가 존재하는 점, 측선이 불완전한 점, 입수염이 없는 점 등은 한강납줄개의 형태적 특징을 따랐다. 또한, 미토콘드리아 DNA의 cytb 유전자 분석 결과, 속간잡종 개체는 납자루와 99.82~100%의 염기서열 유사도를 나타내어, 모계 종은 납자루로 판단되었다. 핵 DNA의 rag1 유전자 분석 결과, 속간잡종 개체는 납자루와 한강납줄개 간의 단일염기다형성 부위(38 bp)를 모두 반영하는 double peaks 양상을 나타내어, 부계 종은 한강납 줄개로 판단되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 분석한 납자루아과 자연 잡종 추정 개체는 암컷 납자루와 수컷 한강납줄개 간의 속간잡종으로 판명되었다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 1998

아마릴리스 'Picottee', 'White Christmas', 'Eldorado', 'Origin', Red Lion', 'Telstar', 'Crypsy'의 교잡배를 여러 농도의 2,4-D, NAA, BA, TDZ가 첨가된 MS배지에 배양한 결과, 0.5～3.0 ㎎/L 2,4-D에 비하여 0.5～3.0 ㎎/L NAA 처리구에서 줄기와 자구 분화가 양호하였다. 0.5㎎/L NAA 처리는 배양체로부터 높은 자구 형성율을 나타냈고, 줄기 분화율은 NAA 1.0㎎/L과 TDZ 2.0㎎/L 혼용처리구에서는 가장 높았다. 배지에 1.0～2.0㎎/L TDZ 첨가는 치상체당 더 많은 줄기를 분화시켰으나 1.0～2.0㎎/L BA 처리보다 뿌리의 발달은 억제되었다. 'Star Van Holland'의 인편을 배양했을 때 자구 형성은 0.5㎎/L NAA가 첨가된 배지에서 가장 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제8권1_2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1965

Since Taquet's first discovery of wild P. yedoensis at Mt. Halla, Korea, in 1908, its morphological chracteristics and question of origin of cultivated yedoensis have given controversies to the botanists. Takenaka, through his experiments on the hybridity of cultivated P. yedoensis, recently holds the opinion that P. yedoensis might have originated in Izu peninsula, Japan. The author presents the summarized report on the wild P. yedoensis and its putative parents based on his 2 years' investigated carried out at Mt. Halla during his breeding experiment of genus Prunus. The species of cherry tree used in the present investigation were identified by Prof. Mankyu Park and Mr. Jonghyu Pu, Korean taxonomists. 1) Wild cherry trees which grow wild in Mt. Halla and whose blooming season is April are mostly P. subhirtella var. pendula form. ascendens and P. donarium P. yedoensis is rare in number, around 10 individuals, having been found in a half century. 2) Individuals of wild yedoensis are variable in some of their morphological characteristics. This is, also, true in other species of Prunus. 3) Wild yedoensis whose vigorous growth, sterility, and rarity in number suggest hybrid origin, has intermediate characteristics between the P. subhirtella and P. donarium. 4) Due to the abnormal weather of the island and various environmental factors such as havbitats, some of the early-blooming subhirtella and late-blooming donarium would bloom at the same time, giving these two species the changes to cross. 5) Wild yedoensis is slightly different in some of its quantitative characters from cultivated species.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.613-619
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• 2005

Indigenous Yakutian cattle' adaptation to the hardest subarctic conditions makes them a valuable genetic resource for cattle breeding in the Siberian area. Since early last century, crossbreeding between native Yakutian cattle and imported Simmental and Kholmogory breeds has been widely adopted. In this study, variations at 22 polymorphic microsatellite loci in 5 populations of Yakutian, Kholmogory, Simmental, Yakutian-Kholmogory and Yakutian-Simmental cattle were analysed to estimate the genetic contribution of Yakutian cattle to the two hybrid populations. Three statistical approaches were used: the weighted least-squares (WLS) method which considers all allele frequencies; a recently developed implementation of a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method called likelihood-based estimation of admixture (LEA); and a model-based Bayesian admixture analysis method (STRUCTURE). At population-level admixture analyses, the estimate based on the LEA was consistent with that obtained by the WLS method. Both methods showed that the genetic contribution of the indigenous Yakutian cattle in Yakutian-Kholmogory was small (9.6% by the LEA and 14.2% by the WLS method). In the Yakutian-Simmental population, the genetic contribution of the indigenous Yakutian cattle was considerably higher (62.8% by the LEA and 56.9% by the WLS method). Individual-level admixture analyses using STRUCTURE proved to be more informative than the multidimensional scaling analysis (MDSA) based on individual-based genetic distances. Of the 9 Yakutian-Simmental animals studied, 8 showed admixed origin, whereas of the 14 studied Yakutian-Kholmogory animals only 2 showed Yakutian ancestry (>5%). The mean posterior distributions of individual admixture coefficient (q) varied greatly among the samples in both hybrid populations. This study revealed a minor existing contribution of the Yakutian cattle in the Yakutian-Kholmogory hybrid population, but in the Yakutian-Simmental hybrid population, a major genetic contribution of the Yakutian cattle was seen. The results reflect the different crossbreeding patterns used in the development of the two hybrid populations. Additionally, molecular evidence for differences among individual admixture proportions was seen in both hybrid populations, resulting from the stochastic process in crossing over generations.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.226-234
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• 1993

낙동강 상류에서 서식하는 기름종개 Cobitis sinensis와 왕종개 C. longicorpus 사이의 잡종에서 유래된 집단이라고 생각되는 C. sinensis-longicorpus complex의 생식소에 대하여 조사하였다. 이들 집단은 조사기간 중 272개체가 채집되었는데 그 가운데 암컷이 266개체로 거의 대부분을 차지하였고 수컷은 오직 6개체만 발견되었다. 암컷의 난소조직은 정상적인 발달단계를 보이는 생식 능력있는 난소였다. 그러나 수컷의 정소는 testicular lobule에 텅 빈 vacuole 구조가 많이 포함된 조직에 정원세포나 정모세포는 있지만 정세포와 정자가 생기지 않는 점으로 보아 생식능력이 없는 비정상적인 정소라고 생각한다. 이와 같은 결과는 C. sinensis-longicorpus complex의 암컷 집단이 유연종들의 수컷의 도움으로 생식이 유지되는 독특한 체계를 지니고 있음을 시사해 주고 있다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2012

$Potato$ $virus$ $X$ (PVX) contains $cis$-acting elements including stem-loop 1 (SL1) RNA at the 5' region; SL1 is conserved among all potexviruses. The SL1 at the positive-sense RNA, SL1(+), is required for PVX RNA replication, cell-to-cell movement, and translation. Previous research demonstrated that SL1(+) RNA also serves as the origin of assembly for encapsidation of PVX RNA. To identify the essential sequences and/or regions for capsid protein (CP) subunit recognition within SL1(+) RNA, we used electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), UV cross-linking, and yeast three-hybrid analyses. The EMSA and UV cross-linking analyses with PVX CP subunits and RNA transcripts corresponding to the SL1(+) RNA showed that the SL1(+) RNA formed complexes with CP subunits. We also conducted EMSA and yeast three-hybrid analyses with RNAs containing various mutations of SL1(+) RNA elements. These analyses indicated that SL1(+) RNA is required for the interaction with PVX CP and that the RNA sequences located at the loop C and tetra loop of the SL1(+) are crucial for CP binding. These results indicate that, in addition to being important for RNA accumulation, the SL1(+) RNA from the 5' region of the PVX genome is also required for specific binding of PVX CP.

• Advances in robotics research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.101-126
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• 2014

In this article we present modular neural control for a leg-wheel hybrid robot consisting of three legs with omnidirectional wheels. This neural control has four main modules having their functional origin in biological neural systems. A minimal recurrent control (MRC) module is for sensory signal processing and state memorization. Its outputs drive two front wheels while the rear wheel is controlled through a velocity regulating network (VRN) module. In parallel, a neural oscillator network module serves as a central pattern generator (CPG) controls leg movements for sidestepping. Stepping directions are achieved by a phase switching network (PSN) module. The combination of these modules generates various locomotion patterns and a reactive obstacle avoidance behavior. The behavior is driven by sensor inputs, to which additional neural preprocessing networks are applied. The complete neural circuitry is developed and tested using a physics simulation environment. This study verifies that the neural modules can serve a general purpose regardless of the robot's specific embodiment. We also believe that our neural modules can be important components for locomotion generation in other complex robotic systems or they can serve as useful modules for other module-based neural control applications.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

20세기 말부터 시작된 탈근대의 사회와 문화는 새로운 환경설계의 문법을 요구하고 있었고, 당대에 등장한 대지예술은 새로운 혼성적 설계의 계기를 마련해 주었다. 대지예술의 영향아래 건축으로부터 시작된 지형적, 경관적 접근은 환경설계 전반에 장르간 혼성화의 큰 흐름을 일으켰다. 대지예술과 지형건축의 영향을 받은 조경에서는 신픽쳐레스크 조경이 등장하게 되었고, 조경의 영향을 받은 도시설계에서는 랜드스케이프 어버니즘이 태동되었다. 이러한 환경설계 전반에 걸친 땅과 경관에 대한 새로운 관심과 함께 동시대 도시의 유동적 도시활동과 동태성이 중시되면서 시간에 대한 새로운 관심이 일어나게 되었다. 이들 땅과 시간에 대한 새로운 관심들은 혼성적 환경설계장르들의 작업에 필요한 새로운 방법론들을 안출해 내게 하였는데 맵핑과 다이어그램, 폴드가 그것이다. 이들 세 가지 방법론은 특히 랜드스케이프 어버니즘에서 가장 포괄적으로 적용되고 있고, 그 중에서도 폴드는 모든 혼성적 장르에 가장 공통적으로 사용되는 형식으로 나타난다. 다이어그램은 지형건축과 랜드스케이프 어버니즘에 보다 적극적으로 수용되고 있으며, 맵핑은 랜드스케이프 어버니즘에 적극적으로 수용되고 있고, 대지조형적 조경에서는 소극적으로 수용되고 있다. 맵핑이 가지는 진보적 성격에도 불구하고 그 방법론이 개별적이고 주관적이어서 보편적 적용이 어려운 이유로 보인다. 전체적으로 보아 랜드스케이프 어버니즘은 현대도시상황으로 보아 매우 시의적절한 대안적 방법이며, 혼성의 포괄성과 지역성 구현에서 매우 높은 가능성을 보이고 있다. 특히 조경분야가 도시로 영역을 확장할 수 있는 계기가 될 것으로 보여 향후 심도있는 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 복식
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.105-119
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• 2004

Cultural hybridization and global cross-fertilization, begun since the 1990s, mean the hybrid mixture of the low-class popular arts and the high-class fine arts and have found expression in intertextuality by means of the thinking system of de-constructuralist post-modernism. This study was intended to investigate the artistic intertextuality between fashion and art frontiere, especially between such fields as 'animation', 'music', and 'performing arts' and 'fashion', which shows the greatest characteristic of the phenomenon that the non-mainstream culture flows into the mainstream culture. It also aimed to investigate the intertextuality between 'technology' and 'fashion' as the delivery room of the youth culture and copycat culture due to the benefit of technologies since the 20th-century digital revolution. Animation as the neo-pop art with the popular code coming to the forefront in the 21th century integrated high-class fashion and low-class fashion into one through the combination of fashion and humor, and the musical element referring to the social difference of the cultural field and the social strata is becoming the 21th-century fashion icon through its fusion with the pictorial tendency along with the leisure-time life of the non-mainstream strata. In terms of intertextuality in performing arts, fashion style performs an important role in the presentation of performing arts and since the de-construction of the fin-de-ciecle form and its fusion with media have taken place, fashion works become and element of the origin that has an influence on a series of film, dance, dramatic elements and the like. The paradigm of technology made it socially and culturally possible to achieve the architecture of clothing system necessary for fashionable technical clothing by allowing the possibility of imitation, the function of technology to form popular culture. The intertextual tendency in the 21th-century fashion began from the de-constructive phenomenon of existing norms and now takes the multicultural character of surpassing a certain domain or concept. And it positions itself as the total art of spearheading the low-class culture and the non-mainstream culture as the hybrid domain of mainstream and non-mainstream cultures or high-class and low-class cultures.