• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

In this study, hybrid smart sensor nodes were developed for the autonomous structural health monitoring of prestressed concrete (PSC) girders. In order to achieve the objective, the following approaches were implemented. First, we show how two types of smart sensor nodes for the hybrid health monitoring were developed. One was an acceleration-based smart sensor node using an MEMS accelerometer to monitor the overall damage in concrete girders. The other was an impedance-based smart sensor node for monitoring the local damage in prestressing tendons. Second, a hybrid monitoring algorithm using these smart sensor nodes is proposed for the autonomous structural health monitoring of PSC girders. Finally, we show how the performance of the developed system was evaluated using a lab-scaled PSC girder model for which dynamic tests were performed on a series of prestress-loss cases and girder damage cases.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2006년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.225-231
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop a promising hybrid structural health monitoring system for structural joints. For this propose, the combined use of vibration-based techniques and electro-mechanical impedance technique is employed. For the verification of the proposed health monitoring scheme, a series of damage scenarios are designed to simulate various situations at which the connection joints can experience during their service life. The obtained experimental results, modal parameters and electro-magnetic impedance signatures, are carefully analyzed to recognize the connecting states and the target damage locations. From the analysis. it is shown that the proposed hybrid health monitoring system is successful for acquiring global and local damage information on the structural joints.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.587-609
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• 2018

There is greater significance in identifying the incipient damages in structures at the time of their initiation as timely rectification of these minor incipient cracks can save huge maintenance cost. However, the change in the global dynamic characteristics of a structure due to these subtle damages are insignificant enough to detect using the majority of the current damage diagnostic techniques. Keeping this in view, we propose a hybrid damage diagnostic technique for detection of minor incipient damages in the structures. In the proposed automated hybrid algorithm, the raw dynamic signatures obtained from the structure are decomposed to uni-modal signals and the dynamic signature are reconstructed by identifying and combining only the uni-modal signals altered by the minor incipient damage. We use these reconstructed signals for damage diagnostics using ARMAX model. Numerical simulation studies are carried out to investigate and evaluate the proposed hybrid damage diagnostic algorithm and their capability in identifying minor/incipient damage with noisy measurements. Finally, experimental studies on a beam are also presented to compliment the numerical simulations in order to demonstrate the practical application of the proposed algorithm.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2007년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.669-674
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• 2007

To develop a promising hybrid structural health monitoring (SHM) system, a combined use of structural vibration and electro-mechanical (EM) impedance is proposed. The hybrid SHM system is designed to use vibration characteristics as global index and EM impedance as local index. The proposed health monitoring scheme is implemented into prestressed concrete (PSC) girder bridges for which a series of damage scenarios are designed to simulate various prestress-loss situations at which the target bridges car experience during their service life. The measured experimental results, modal parameters and electro-magnetic impedance signatures, are carefully analyzed to recognize the occurrence of damage and furthermore to indicate its location.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.393-416
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• 2011

Hybrid acceleration-impedance sensor nodes on Imote2-platform are designed for damage monitoring in steel girder connections. Thus, the feasibility of the sensor nodes is examined about its performance for vibration-based global monitoring and impedance-based local monitoring in the structural systems. To achieve the objective, the following approaches are implemented. First, a damage monitoring scheme is described in parallel with global vibration-based methods and local impedance-based methods. Second, multi-scale sensor nodes that enable combined acceleration-impedance monitoring are described on the design of hardware components and embedded software to operate. Third, the performances of the multi-scale sensor nodes are experimentally evaluated from damage monitoring in a lab-scaled steel girder with bolted connection joints.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 1996

구조물 모니터링 시스템의 전산환경을 구성하기 위해 필요한 지식 및 정보를 파악하고 이를 지식기반화하는 방법을 제시하였다. 전산환경의 구축을 위한 정보로는 센서 및 하드웨어, 신호처리, 그리고 손상발견/평가를 위한 지식등이 필요한데, 이들은 모두 다른 형태의 지식이므로, -즉 수학연산, 서술적 지식, 수치모델등- 어느 특정의 모델링 기법 단독으로는 이들을 효과적으로 수용하기가 매우 어렵다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 객체지향적 모델링기법과 논리언어를 혼합사용하는 방법 (Hybrid Modeling Paradigm)이 제시되었고, 이의 타당성 및 효율성 검증을 위해 모델구조물을 이용한 예제를 수행하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.385-403
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• 2017

In recent years, the wind energy has played an increasingly important role in national energy sector of many countries. To harvest more electric power, the wind turbine (WT) tower structure becomes physically larger, which may cause more risks during long-term operation. Associated with the great development of WT projects, the number of accidents related to large-scaled WT has also been increased. Therefore, a structural health monitoring (SHM) system for WT structures is needed to ensure their safety and serviceability during operational time. The objective of this study is to develop a hybrid damage detection method for WT tower structures by measuring vibration and impedance responses. To achieve the objective, the following approaches are implemented. Firstly, a hybrid damage detection scheme which combines vibration-based and impedance-based methods is proposed as a sequential process in three stages. Secondly, a series of vibration and impedance tests are conducted on a lab-scaled model of the WT structure in which a set of bolt-loosening cases is simulated for the segmental joints. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed hybrid damage detection method is experimentally evaluated via its performance during the damage detection process in the tested model.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.719-743
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• 2011

A hybrid damage monitoring scheme using parallel acceleration-impedance approaches is proposed to detect girder damage and support damage in steel plate-girder bridges which are under ambient train-induced excitations. The hybrid scheme consists of three phases: global and local damage monitoring in parallel manner, damage occurrence alarming and local damage identification, and detailed damage estimation. In the first phase, damage occurrence in a structure is globally monitored by changes in vibration features and, at the same moment, damage occurrence in local critical members is monitored by changes in impedance features. In the second phase, the occurrence of damage is alarmed and the type of damage is locally identified by recognizing patterns of vibration and impedance features. In the final phase, the location and severity of the locally identified damage are estimated by using modal strain energy-based damage index methods. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is evaluated on a steel plate-girder bridge model which was experimentally tested under model train-induced excitations. Acceleration responses and electro-mechanical impedance signatures were measured for several damage scenarios of girder damage and support damage.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권1A호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 강판형교의 주된 두 손상유형인 거더의 휨 강성 저하와 지점부의 손상을 검색하기 위해 가속도-임피던스 특성을 이용한 하이브리드 구조건전성 모니터링 기법을 제안하였다. 하이브리드 기법은 1) 전역적인 방법으로 손상의 발생을 경보하고, 2) 구조물의 구조 부재내의 발생된 손상을 분류하며, 3) 구조 부재에 따라 적절한 방법을 이용하여 세부적으로 분류된 손상을 평가하는 크게 3단계로 구성되었다. 첫 번째 단계에서는 가속도 특성 변화를 모니터링하여 전역적인 손상의 발생을 경보한다. 두 번째 단계에서는 임피던스 특성 변화를 모니터링하여 경보된 손상유형을 분류한다. 세 번째 단계에서는 모드변형에너지기반 손상지수법과 RMSD 기법을 이용하여 손상의 위치와 크기를 평가한다. 몇몇의 손상 시나리오에 의해 측정된 하이브리드 가속도-임피던스 신호를 이용한 모형 강판형교 실험을 통해 제안된 하이브리드 기법의 유용성을 평가하였다. 또한, 온도변화 및 지점손상 조건에 대한 실험을 통해 임피던스기반 손상모니터링의 정확도에 미치는 온도유발 영향을 검토하였다.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.179-200
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• 2022

This paper proposes a data-driven methodology for online early damage identification under changing environmental conditions. The proposed method relies on two data analysis methods: feature-based method and hybrid principal component analysis (PCA) and kernel PCA to separate damage from environmental influences. First, spectral sub-band features, namely, spectral sub-band centroids (SSCs) and log spectral sub-band energies (LSSEs), are proposed as damage-sensitive features to extract damage information from measured structural responses. Second, hybrid modeling by integrating PCA and kernel PCA is performed on the spectral sub-band feature matrix for data normalization to extract both linear and nonlinear features for nonlinear procedure monitoring. After feature normalization, suppressing environmental effects, the control charts (Hotelling T² and SPE statistics) is implemented to novelty detection and distinguish damage in structures. The hybrid PCA-KPCA technique is compared to KPCA by applying support vector machine (SVM) to evaluate the effectiveness of its performance in detecting damage. The proposed method is verified through numerical and full-scale studies (a Bridge Health Monitoring (BHM) Benchmark Problem and a cable-stayed bridge in China). The results demonstrate that the proposed method can detect the structural damage accurately and reduce false alarms by suppressing the effects and interference of environmental variations.