• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.241-245
• /
• 2008

Lentiviral vector system is efficient vehicles for the delivery of exogenous genes, and it is generally used in the generation of transgenic chickens. In this study, we used recombinant lentiviral vectors to generate transgenic chicks that express the human superoxide dismutase-3 gene driven by the chicken ovalbumin promoter. It is well known that superoxide dismutases(SODs) are believed to play a crucial role in protecting cells against oxygen toxicity. There are three forms of SOD proteins: cytosolic Cu-Zn SOD, mitochondrial Mn SOD, and extracellular SOD(SOD-3). The recombinant lentivirus containing the human SOD-3 gene was injected into the subgerminal cavity of freshly laid eggs. Subsequently, the embryos were incubated to hatch using phases II and III of the surrogate shell ex vivo culture system. From 341 injected embryos, the 78 chicks hatched after 21 days incubation. The hatched chicks were screened for the human SOD-3 gene by using PCR. Two of 47 male chickens that survived to sexual maturity contained the human SOD-3 gene in their semen. These results showed that our transgenic chicken generation system was completely established.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study examined the osteoinductive activity of demineralized human dentin matrix for nude mice. Methods: Twenty healthy nude mice weighing about 15 to 20 g were used for study. Demineralized human dentin matrix was prepared and implanted into the dorsal portion of nude mice (subcutaneous), which were sacrificed at two, four, and eight weeks after demineralized dentin matrix grafting and evaluated histologically by H&E and Masson trichrome staining. The specimens were also evaluated histomorphometrically. Results: The demineralized dentin matrix induced bone and cartilage formation independently in soft tissues. Histological examination showed bone-forming cells such as osteoblasts and fibroblasts at two, four, and eight weeks. Conclusion: These results suggest that demineralized human dentin matrix has osteoinductive ability, and is a good alternative to autogenous bone graft materials.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.65 no.4
• /
• pp.269-275
• /
• 2022

Betula platyphylla extract includes various materials which showed biological activity such as terpenoids. For this reason, Betula platyphylla extract has been used to alleviate inflammation. In this study, extract of Betula platyphylla was obtained and purified using several solvents and evaluated whether they showed effect on prevention of hair loss. Cell cytotoxicity assay was performed to investigate the effect of extracts on cell proliferation. Western blotting was performed to observe the changes in expression of several related growth factors such as β-catenin, VEGF, IGF1, and cyclin D. Also, 5-α-reductase activity was measured. The ethyl acetate extract was divided into four partial extracts and named as H3-1, H3-2, H3-3, and H3-4. The H3-2 extract showed proliferation activity of human derma papilla cell and increased the protein expression of several related growth factors such as β-catenin, VEGF, IGF1, and cyclin D, comparable to the effect of Ethyl 3,4,5-Trimethoxy Benzoate (ETB)and Lupeol (LPO). Moreover, we found that the fraction H3 was shown to decrease 5-α-reductase activity while ETB and LPO had no significant effect on 5-α-reductase activity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the effect of treatment with intravenous human immunoglobulin G (hIVIgG) on outcome in dogs with idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), and to identify prognostic variables that determine outcome in affected dogs. Thirty-seven dogs that met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in a retrospective study. The dogs were categorized into two groups based on their having received hIVIgG. There was no significant difference in survival between the hIVIgG group and the non-hIVIgG group. Mortality during hospitalization and at 1 month, 1 year, or 2 years after discharge was not significantly different between the hIVIgG and the non-hIVIgG groups. Hemoglobinuria was significantly less prevalent in dogs that lived more than 1 year than in those who lived less than 1 year, and was less prevalent in dogs that lived more than 2 years than in those who lived less than 2 years. However, there was no difference in the presence of hemoglobinuria between dogs that lived less than 1 month and those that lived more than 1 month. Overall, there was no evidence of a beneficial effect of hIVIgG in dogs with idiopathic IMHA.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.122-131
• /
• 1995

Five human cancer cell lines (HeLa S3, Hep 3B, KATO III, Hs 683, HeLa MR) and one human normal cell line (WI-38) were examined cell viability, northern blot analysis, western blot analysis, and in situ hybridization for the expression $O_{6}$ -methylguanine-DNAmethyltransferase (MGMT), which can repair $O_{6}$ -methylguanine produced in DNA by alkylating agents. In cell viability test, the lethal sensitivities of each strain against anti-tumor drug N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)- N-nitrosourea (BCNU) were counted, and both BCNU treated and untreated cell extracts were examined for their MGMT inducibility by RNA dot blot analysis. Cell lines did not show MGMT induction by BCNU pretreatment. Tlle MGMT activity was assayed by measuring the $^3$H radioactivity transferred from the substrate DNA containing [methyl-$^3$H)-O$_{6}$ -methylguanine to acceptor molecules in the cell extracts. Extracts from the majority of tumor strains and normal cells contained substantial MGMT activity of varying degree, while the known Mer$^{[-10]}$ cell (lacked or severely depleted in MGMT activity) Hela MR, and Hs 683 (proved to be Mer$^{[-10]}$ ) were much more sensitive to BCNU than the rest of tumor strains, as measured by cell viability test. Overall results above, KATO III showed the highest expression level of MGMT among the strains examined. Furthermore, with all the tumor and normal strains tested, a good correlation was observed between MGMT expression and cellular resistance to BCNU. The varying levels of expression of MGMT in human cancer cells found in this study should provide a molecular basis for MGMT expression among tumor strains from different tissue origin, the information of antitumor agents selection for chemotherapy of cancers.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.203-207
• /
• 2007

Conventional processing of biological materials including nematode parasites for scanning electron microscopy includes fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium, followed by dehydration in an ascending grade of ethanol, and finally freeze drying. This procedure takes about 8 to 12 h depending on the characteristics of samples. Microwave irradiation of 2,450 MHz enhance the action of cross-linking fixatives and can greatly accelerate various stages of tissue processing. In this study, samples of nematode parasites, Setaria digitata, were fixed by a combination of conventional chemical fixation and the microwave irradiation during the process. The microwave irradiation was also incorporated in the serial dehydration process with ethanol. The complete procedure from the initial fixation to the completion of dehydration with ethanol was reduced to 1 h with good preservation of the ultrastructural details of the specimens.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.884-890
• /
• 2008

Genistein, an isoflavone in soybean products, is a potential chemopreventive agent against various types of cancer. There are several studies documenting molecular alterations leading to cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induction of apoptosis; however, its mechanism of action and its molecular targets on the prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production and telomere length regulation in human cancer remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of genistein on the levels of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and telomere regulatory components of several human cancer cell lines (T24, human bladder carcinoma cells; U937, human leukemic cells; AGS, human stomach adenocarcinoma cells and SK-MEL-2, human skin melanoma cells). Genistein treatment resulted in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. It was found that genistein treatment markedly decreased the levels of COX-2 mRNA and protein expression without significant changes in the expression of COX-1, which was correlated with a decrease in $PGE_2$ synthesis. Genistein treatment also partly inhibited the levels of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) as well as human telomerase RNA (hTR) and telomerase-associated protein (TEP)-1, and the activity of telomerase. Taken together, these findings provide important new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of genistein.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.509-518
• /
• 2017

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults and has poor prognosis. The GBM-specific tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in tumor progression, immune escape, local invasion, and metastasis of GBM. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and differential concentration of glucose influence the expression of cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and IP-10, in human glial cell lines. Treatment with cobalt chloride ($CoCl_2$) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) significantly increased the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IP-10 in a dose-dependent manner in CRT-MG and U251-MG astroglioma cells, but not in microglia cells. However, we found strikingly different patterns of expression of cytokines and chemokines between $H_2O_2$-treated CRT-MG cells cultured in low- and high-glucose medium. These results suggest that astroglioma and microglia cells exhibit distinct patterns of cytokine and chemokine expression in response to $CoCl_2$ and $H_2O_2$ treatment, and different concentrations of glucose influence this expression under either hypoxic or oxidant-enriched conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.10
• /
• pp.1638-1641
• /
• 2005

In order to develop novel food products or additives using transglutaminase (TGase), some physicochemical and morphological understandings are needed. Raw skim milk was adjusted to pH 5.5, 7.0, and 8.5, and each was treated with microbial TGase for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours, for the protein structure observation using scanning electron microscope (SEM), The particles of untreated raw skim milk were small and evenly associated. After adjustment of pH to 5.5 and treatment of TGase for 1-hour, the protein particles aggregated widely in a bigger form than that of control. Under the same condition for 2 hours, the particles associated and clustered. The particles gathered widely and became a number of small spherical forms after 4 hours. After 8 hours, they made larger forms than the result of 1-hour treatment, and the aggregation broadened. Under the pH 7.0 and 8.5 conditions with TGase-treatment, the protein Particles fractionated and associated into the bigger masses at 1 hour point, but each piece slowly became smaller and more fractionated until treated time reached 4 hours. After 8 hours, the fragmented protein particles aggregated into larger forms as those on the pH 5.5 condition. In general, the electron microscopical forms of the samples adjusted to pH 5.5 showed smaller than those of pH 7.0 or pH 8.5, It is suggested that the protein particles and textural behavior were influenced by pH, TGase, and reaction time.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
• /
• v.1997 no.11
• /
• pp.517-527
• /
• 1997

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging is a methodology combining the imaging and spectroscopy. It can provide the spectrum of each areas of image so that one can easily compare the spectrum of one position to another position of the image. In this study, we developed pulse sequence or the spectroscopic imaging method, RF wave forms or the saturation of water signal, computer simulations to validate our method, and confirmed the methodology with phantom experiment. Then we applied the spectroscopic method to human subject and identified a few important metabolites in in vivo. To develope a water saturating RF waveform, we used Shinnar-Le-Roux algorithm and obtained maximum phase RF waveform. With this RF pulse, it could suppress the water signal to 1:1000. The magnet is shimmed to under 1.0ppm with auto-shimming technique. The saturation bandwidth is 80Hz(2ppm). The water and fat seperation is 3.3ppm(about 140Hz at 1 Tesla magnet), the bandwidth is enough to resolve the difference. But we are more concerned about the narrow window in between the two peaks, in which the small quantity of metabolites reside. We performed the computer simulation and phantom experiments in 8*8 matrix form and showed good agreement in the image and spectrum. Finally we applied spectroscopic imaging to the brain of human subject. Only the lipid signal was shown in the periphery region which agrees with the at distribution in human head surface area. The spectrum inside the brain shows the important metabolites such as NAA, Cr/PCr, Choline. We here have shown the spectroscopic imaging which is normally done above 1.5 Tesla machine can be performed in the 1 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit.