• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.844-851
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• 2014

This study focused on the anti-oxidative and collagenase- and elastase inhibition effects of low molecular weight peptides (LMP) from commercial Jeju horse leg bone hydrolysates (JHLB) on pancreatin, via enzymatic hydrolysis. Cell viability of dermal fibroblasts exposed to UVB radiation upon treatment with LMP from JHLB was evaluated. Determination of the antioxidant activity of various concentrations of LMP from JHLB were carried out by assessing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of LMP from JHLB (20 mg/mL) was 92.21% and ABTS radical scavenging activity (15 mg/mL) was 99.50%. FRAP activity (30 mg/mL) was $364.72{\mu}M/TE$ and ORAC activity (1 mg/mL) was $101.85{\mu}M/TE$. The anti-wrinkle potential was assessed by evaluating the elastase- and collagenase inhibition potential of these LMP. We found that 200 mg/mL of LMP from JHLB inhibited elastase activity by 41.32%, and 100 mg/mL of LMP from JHLB inhibited collagenase activity by 91.32%. The cell viability of untreated HS68 human dermal fibroblasts was 45% when exposed to a UVB radiation dose of $100mJ/cm^2$. After 24 h of incubation with $500{\mu}g/mL$ LMP from JHLB, the cell viability increased to 60%. These results indicate that LMP from JHLB has potential utility as an anti-oxidant and anti-wrinkle agent in the food and cosmetic industry. Additional in vivo tests should be carried out to further characterize these potential benefits.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.326-333
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• 2019

The purpose of our study was to evaluate anti-AD potential of Cirsium maackii flowers. MeOH extract, CH₂Cl₂, EtOAc, and n-BuOH fraction of this flower notably inhibited BACE1 (IC₅₀ = 76.47 ± 1.66, 22.98 ± 1.45, 8.65 ± 0.63, and 72.47 ± 3.04 ㎍/mL, respectively). β-amyrenone (49.70 mg) (1), lupeol acetate (1.43 g) (2), lupeol (1.22 g) (3), lupenone (23.70 mg) (4), β-sitosterol (1.01 g) (6), and β-sitosterol glucoside (13.00 mg) (7) from CH₂Cl₂, apigenin (100.20 mg) (8), luteolin (19.00 mg) (9), apigenin 7-O-glucuronide methyl ester (21.30 mg) (14), and tracheloside (53.70 mg) (5) from EtOAc, apigenin 5-O-glucoside (11.00 mg) (10), luteolin 5-O-glucoside (11.00 mg) (11) and apigenin 7-O-glucuronide (91.00 mg) (12) from n-BuOH, and luteolin 7-O-glucuronide (22.00 mg) (13) from H₂O fraction were isolated. HPLC showed high levels of 8, 9 and 12 in MeOH extract (33.07 ± 0.07, 31. 44 ± 0.17 and 16.89 ± 0.33 mg/g, respectively), EtOAc (161.01 ± 1.78, 96.93 ± 0.34 and 73.38 ± 0.06 mg/g, respectively), and n-BuOH fraction (32.18 ± 0.33, 44.31 ± 0.32 and 105.94 ± 0.36 mg/g, respectively). Since, 3 and 9 are well-known BACE1 inhibitors, the anti-AD activity of C. maackii flower might be attributable to their presence.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.109-120
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of KHchunggan-tang aqueous extract on the experimental nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) induced by palmitate. Materials and Methods: To generate a cellular model of NAFLD, we used HepG2 cells, a human hepatoma cell line, treated with 0.5 mM palmitate. By this cellular model, effects of KHchunggan-tang aqueous extract were evaluated. Intracellular lipid accumulation, free radical formation, and apoptosis were detected by Nile red staining, 2',7'-dichloroflourescin diacetate(H2DCF-DA), and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)/propidium iodide(PI) staining, respectively. Some proteins related with NAFLD were determined by western blot. Results: Typical pathological features of NAFLD occurred in the cellular model. Palmitate increased the levels of intracellular lipid vacuoles, decreased cell viability, and increased apoptosis. Palmitate increased free radical formation and lipid peroxidation, too. However, KHchunggan-tang aqueous extract reduced palmitate-induced pathologic features, i.e. steatosis, free radical formation, and apoptosis. In addition, KHchunggan-tang aqueous extract suppressed palmitate-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) signaling, and SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, significantly reversed the palmitate-induced pathologic changes as KHchunggan-tang aqueous extract. It means that the signaling pathway other than JNK can be involved in the KHchunggan-tang mediated cellular protection of palmitate-treated Hep G2 cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that KHchunggan-tang aqueous extract has hepatoprotective effects on NAFLD with combined properties in cellular steatosis, ROS production, and cytoprotection, and thus may have valuable clinical applications for treatment of this chronic liver disease.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.127-135
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of thermal treatment yam (Dioscorea batatas DECNE.) in Korea. Thermal treatment yam was extracted by different solvents including 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and chloroform-methanol mixture (CM, 2:1, v/v). Then color property, total phenol content and antioxidant activity were analyzed. Yam possessed high $L^*$ value and $H\limits^{\circ}$ value, which were $54.92{\pm}2.18$ and $73.20{\pm}0.77$, respectively. Thermal treatment yam exhibited great antioxidant activity evaluated by ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Total phenol contents of various extracts from thermal treatment yam increased in the following order: 70% methanol extract ($63.53{\pm}0.33mg\;CAE/g$), 70% ethanol extract ($69.47{\pm}1.00mg\;CAE/g$) and CM extract ($97.49{\pm}0.66mg\;CAE/g$), respectively. The same trend was also could be found in antioxidant activity assays except for reducing power assay. These results implied that these extracts from thermal treatment yam might be useful to take a good part in prevention of human diseases and aging.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.867-886
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shearbond strength and resin-dentin interface of three different dentinal bonding systems in primary and permanent teeth. Thirty extracted human primary molars and premolars, which were non-carious and free of obvious defect, were selected for this study. All specimens were divided into six groups with two groups allocated for each of the three dentinal bonding system(All-bond 2, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, Gluma bonding system). After completion of bonding composite to dentin using each tested dentin bonding system, bond strength measurement and histological observation were performed. The results are as follows: 1. All-bond 2 and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, A good quality hybrid layer was identified, the morphology of which could be equated with the zone of H-E and Brown-Brenn staining. In Gluma bonding system, hybrid layer was very thin, and separated from the solid polymer. 2. All-bond 2 had the highest mean shearbond strength, followed by Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and Gluma bonding system in both primary and permanent teeth. There was no statistically significant difference between All-bond 2 and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose. Statistically significant difference could be found between Gluma bonding system and the other two groups(p<0.05). 3. The fracture patterns observed were mainly the mixture of adhesive failure and dentin dettachment pattern in All-bond 2 and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose while adhesive failure prevailed in Gluma bonding system.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.281-291
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• 2010

We investigated the antioxidant effects of hederagenin 3-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl($1{\rightarrow}3$)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1{\rightarrow}2$)-a-L-arabinopyranoside (HDL) isolated from root bark of Ulmus davidiana on the activity of enzymes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Cobalt chloride ($CoCl_2$), a transition metal, was used as an inducer of oxidative stress, generating hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) via increasing xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. The increased levels of $H_2O_2$, XO, ferritin, and ferritin iron by $CoCl_2$ were diminished effectively by co-treatment with HDL in U2OS cells. Furthermore, decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) by $CoCl_2$ were highly increased by co-treatment with HDL in U2OS cells; however, the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) did not change. The increased contents of TBARS related to lipid peroxidation were significantly reduced by HDL in U2OS cells. The concentration of GSH changed in a pattern that went against regulated TBARS by $CoCl_2$ and HDL. We examined the expression of p53, $p21^{CIP1/WAF1}$, and $p27^{KIP1}$ proteins related to oxidative stress and cell cycle regulation. As a result, the expression of $p27^{KIP1}$ modulated by $CoCl_2$ was not changed by HDL. However, the expression of p53 and $p21^{CIP1/WAF}$ increased by $CoCl_2$ was reduced by HDL in U2OS cells. Together with alteration of p53 and $p21^{CIP1/WAF1}$ proteins, the accumulated cells at G1 phase by $CoCl_2$ was decreased by HDL in U2OS cells. Our data suggests that HDL inhibits $CoCl_2$-generated ROS in U2OS cells, providing potentially new antioxidant compounds that are isolated from natural products.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.226-233
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• 2013

PURPOSE. This study evaluated the adhesion of 10-MDP containing self-etch and self-adhesive resin cements to dentin with and without the use of etch-and-rinse technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Human third molars (N=180) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=30 per group). Conventional (Panavia F2.0, Kuraray-PAN) and self-adhesive resin cements (Clearfil SA, Kuraray-CSA) were bonded to dentin surfaces either after application of 3-step etch-and-rinse (35% $H_3PO_4$ + ED Primer) or two-step self-etch adhesive resin (Clearfil SE Bond). Specimens were subjected to shear bond strength test using the universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). The failure types were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and quality of hybrid layer was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The data (MPa) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Overall, PAN adhesive cement showed significantly higher mean bond strength ($12.5{\pm}2.3-14.1{\pm}2.4$ MPa) than CSA cement ($9.3{\pm}1.4-13.9{\pm}1.9$ MPa) (P<.001). Adhesive failures were more frequent in CSA cement groups when used in conjunction with two-step self-adhesive (68%) or no adhesive at all (66%). Hybrid layer quality was inferior in CSA compared to PAN cement in all conditions. CONCLUSION. In clinical situations where bonding to dentin substrate is crucial, both conventional and self-adhesive resin cements based on 10-MDP can benefit from etch-and-rinse technique to achieve better quality of adhesion in the early clinical period.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.319-324
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• 1997

Despite the direct placement of sperm within the oocyte, fertilization failure still occurs after ICSI. This study was accomplished to analyze the chromosomes in oocytes failed to fertilize after ICSI comparing to oocytes failed to fertilize by conventional in vitro insemination. Seventy-four ICSI cycles and 122 conventional IVF cycles were included in analysis. Included unfertilized oocytes were from 74 patients (mean age = $32.7{\pm}3.7$). Ninety-three oocytes were informative and 83 oocytes were legible for cytogenetic analysis. Sixty-two oocytes out of 83 (74.7%) had normal chroruosomes, while 15 (18.1%) were hypoploidy, 6 (7.2%) were hyperploidy. Eighteen oocytes out of 93 (17.6%) were premature chromosome condensation (PCC). Two hundred ninety-four unfertilized oocytes after conventional insemination were subjected to chromosomal analysis and 180 oocytes were legible for analysis. One hundred thirty-two oocytes out of 180 (73.3%) were normal, while 22 (12.2%) were hypoploidy, 20 (11.1%) were hyperploidy, and 6 (3.3%) were polyploidy. Twenty-two oocytes (12.2%) were PCC. There was no difference in chromosomes between oocytes that failed to fertilize after ICSI or conventional insemination. High PCC rates in fertilization-failed oocytes suggest that oocytes maturity is another important factor in achieving successful fertilization.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.59-67
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• 2021

Objectives : Hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is rich in antioxidants such as flavonoids and anthocyanins and is known to have anti-inflammatory activity and anti-aging function of the skin, but there is no study on its effect on the skin barrier. This study aim to investigate the positive effect on the skin barrier by confirming the effect of water extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (WEHS) on the tight junction-related gene expression. Methods : The antioxidant efficacy of WEHS was investigated through ABTS and DPPH assays, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium was performed to examine the effect on cell viability. quantitative Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analysis were performed to confirm the effect of WEHS on the expression of tight junction-related genes, and immunofluorescence microscopy was used to confirm the movement of Claudin 1 protein into tight junctions. Results : WEHS showed strong antioxidant activity and induced an increase in both mRNA and protein expression levels of Claudin 1 among tight junction-related genes. The strong localization of Claudine 1 protein increased by WEHS to the tight junction was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Conclusions : Hibiscus was confirmed through this study to show antioxidant activity and the function of promoting the expression of the tight junction Claudin 1 gene, suggesting that Hibiscus can be used as a material for the prevention and treatment of skin moisturizing and atopy, which have an important influence on tight junction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.115-125
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• 2017

This study was to investigate the user's thermal environments under the pergola($L\;7,200{\times}W\;4,200{\times}H\;2,700mn$) covered with Wisteria floribunda(Willd.) DC. according to the variation of leaf area index(LAI). We carried out detailed measurements with two human-biometeorological stations on a popular square Jinju, Korea($N35^{\circ}10^{\prime}59.8^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, $E\;128^{\circ}05^{\prime}32.0^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, elevation: 38m). One of the stations stood under a pergola, while the other in the sun. The measurement spots were instrumented with microclimate monitoring stations to continuously measure air temperature and relative humidity, wind speed, shortwave and longwave radiation from the six cardinal directions at the height of 0.6m so as to calculate the Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI) from $9^{th}$ April to $27^{th}$ September 2017. The LAI was measured using the LAI-2200C Plant Canopy Analyzer. The analysis results of 18 day's 1 minute term human-biometeorological data absorbed by a man in sitting position from 10am to 4pm showed the following. During the whole observation period, daily average air temperatures under the pergola were respectively $0.7{\sim}2.3^{\circ}C$ lower compared with those in the sun, daily average wind speed and relative humidity under the pergola were respectively 0.17~0.38m/s and 0.4~3.1% higher compared with those in the sun. There was significant relationship in LAI, Julian day number and were expressed in the equation $y=-0.0004x^2+0.1719x-11.765(R^2=0.9897)$. The average $T_{mrt}$ under the pergola were $11.9{\sim}25.4^{\circ}C$ lower and maximum ${\Delta}T_{mrt}$ under the pergola were $24.1{\sim}30.2^{\circ}C$ when compared with those in the sun. There was significant relationship in LAI, reduction ratio(%) of daily average $T_{mrt}$ compared with those in the sun and was expressed in the equation $y=0.0678{\ln}(x)+0.3036(R^2=0.9454)$. The average UTCI under the pergola were $4.1{\sim}8.3^{\circ}C$ lower and maximum ${\Delta}UTCI$ under the pergola were $7.8{\sim}10.2^{\circ}C$ when compared with those in the sun. There was significant relationship in LAI, reduction ratio(%) of daily average UTCI compared with those in the sun and were expressed in the equation $y=0.0322{\ln}(x)+0.1538(R^2=0.8946)$. The shading by the pergola covered with vines was very effective for reducing daytime UTCI absorbed by a man in sitting position at summer largely through a reduction in mean radiant temperature from sun protection, lowering thermal stress from very strong(UTCI >$38^{\circ}C$) and strong(UTCI >$32^{\circ}C$) down to strong(UTCI >$32^{\circ}C$) and moderate(UTCI >$26^{\circ}C$). Therefore the pergola covered with vines used for shading outdoor spaces is essential to mitigate heat stress and can create better human thermal comfort especially in cities during summer. But the thermal environments under the pergola covered with vines during the heat wave supposed to user "very strong heat stress(UTCI>$38^{\circ}C$)". Therefore users must restrain themselves from outdoor activities during the heat waves.