• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.425-432
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• 2015

This study was performed to develop high-value-added biomaterials for health and beauty products. Extracts of ethanol and hot water and their subsequent organic solvent fractions were prepared from Lees of Wookukseng (LW), a commercialized Korean traditional rice wine. We investigated their activities on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, hemolysis against human red blood cells (hRBCs), and anti-oxidation. The water content, pH and brix of the LW were 80.3%, 3.94 and 13.0°, respectively. The yield of ethanol extraction (6.62%) was 3.15 times higher than that of hot-water extraction (2.1%), and the ethyacetate fraction (EAF) of ethanol extract showed the highest content of total polyphenol (128 mg/g) among the various fractions. In anticoagulation activity assay, the EAF of ethanol extract showed a 15-fold extension in TT, PT, and aPTT, indicating that the EAFs contain various inhibitory substances against thrombin, prothrombin and coagulation factors. In anti-platelet aggregation activity assay, the butanol fraction and water residue of ethanol extract showed significant inhibition activity. The activities were comparable to aspirin, a commercial anti-thrombosis agent. The above extracts and fractions did not show hemolysis activity against hRBC up to 5 mg/ml, and had radical scavenging activity against DPPH anion, ABTS cation and nitrite. Our results suggest that the active fractions prepared from LW, which has no specific usage until now, have a high potential as novel resources for anti-thrombosis agents.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.33-55
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• 2007

Objectives In the present study, the author intended to investigate whether bojung-ikgitang-gamibang(BJGB) and seonbang-paedoktang(SBPT) significantly affect in vivo and in vitro mucin secretion from airway epithelial cells. Methods In vivo experiment, mice's mucin which is on a hypersecretion of airway mucin, mice's tracheal goblet cells in hyperplasia and mice's intraepithelial mucosubstances were exposed with SO2for3weeks. Effects of orally-administered BJGB and SBPT during 1 week on vivo mucin secretion and hyperplasia of tracheal goblet cells were assessed by using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and staining goblet cells with alcian blue. In vitro experiment, confluent hamster tracheal surface epithelial(HTSE) cells were metabolically radiolabeled with 3H-glucosamine for 24hrs and chased for 30 min in the presence of each agent to figure out the effectiveness of 3H-mucin secretion. Total elution profiles of control spent media and treatment sample through Sepharose CL-4B column were analyzed. The effects of each agent on contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle and effects of each agent on MUC5AC gene expression in cultured HTSE cells were investigated. Also, possible cytotoxicities of each agent were assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release. Additionally, effects of BJGB and SBPT on both MUC5AC gene expression in cultured HTSE cells and TNF- or EGF-induced MUC5AC gene expression in human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. Results (1) BJGB and SBPT inhibited hypersecretion of in vivo mucin. SBPT also inhibited the increase the number of goblet cells. However, BJGB did not affect the increase of number of goblet cells; (2) BJGB significantly increased mucin secretion from cultured HTSE cells, without significant cytotoxicity, and chiefly affected the 'mucin' secretion; (3) SBPT did not affect mucin secretion from cultured HTSE cells without significant cytotoxicity, and also did not affect the secretion of the other releseable glycoproteins; (4) BJGB and SBPT did not affect Ach-induced contraction of isolated tracheal smooth muscle; (5) SBPT significantly inhibit the expression levels of MUC5AC gene and BJGB significantly increased the expression levels of MUC5AC gene in both HTSE cells and NCI-H292 cells. Conclusions BJGB and SBPT can not only affect the secretion of mucin but also affect the expression of mucin gene. The author suggests that the effects BJGB and SBPT with their components should be further investigated and it is highly desirable to find from oriental medical prescriptions, novel agents which might regulate hypersecretion of mucin from airway epithelial cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.227-232
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• 2015

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Hericium erinaceum Powder (HEP) on the quality characteristics of Jook. The proximate composition of HEP was as follows: moisture, 6.10%; crude protein, 32.69%; crude lipid, 4.63%; crude ash, 11.40%; and carbohydrates, 45.18%. Each sample contained 3, 6, and 9% Jook of Hericium erinaceum Powder (JHEP) compared to the control and their physicochemical properties assessed. As the level of HEP increased, there was a significant decrease in pH (p<0.05) and significant increase in total acidity (p<0.001). In addition, L and a values decreased, whereas b value increased with increasing addition of HEP. The Jook showed lower spreadability and higher viscosity values as its content increased. According to the results, addition of HEP positively affects the quality characteristics of Jook.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.149-158
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of age on the human thermoregulatory responses and to obtain the basic information of the Korean thermophysiological characteristics under the traditional Korean floor heating system-Ondol. The participants consisted of 10 elderly women, 4 elderly men(over 65 years), 10 young women and 5 young men(in twenties). They were exposed to temperature-controlled Ondol room(20$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 50$\pm$5%R.H., floor surface temperature: 30$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$) for 60 minutes and wore the same experimental clothing. The postures were performed sitting and supine on the floor. In each pose, rectal temperature, skin.temperature of 10 areas, mean skin temperature, clothing microclimate, body fat were measured. The results were as follows; 1. The rectal temperature gradually decreased and mean skin temperature gradually increased in young and old groups in both supine and sitting pose on heated Ondol floor for 60 minutes. 2. Rectal temperature was different in each pose. The rectal temperature decreased 0.1$^{\circ}C$ in both groups under the condition of sitting and decreased 0.2'c in elderly group under the condition of supine. In supine pose, elderly group was more declined than young group. Mean skin temperature increased 0.5$^{\circ}C$ in both poses, both groups.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.94-94
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• 2003

Endocrine disrupters (EDs) are exogenous chemicals that interfere with the production, releasing, metabolism, excretion, binding of natural hormones, and whole endocrine systems. EDs are very dangerous since they are extremely stable, not easily degraded, and accumulated in fat and tissue. 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is known as the most toxic EDs. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of TCDD on proliferation of human breast cancer (MCF-7) and endometrial adenocarcinoma (Hec-1B) cells. 10, 100, and 1000 nM of TCDD were treated with steroid free condition. Viable cell counting, MTT, and BrdU assay was performed to investigate cell proliferation. Apoptosis was investigated using DNA laddering. Although, DNA fragmentation as the evidence of apoptosis was not detected, all of these cell lines showed restricted proliferation at 48 hrs after 100 and 1000 nM TCDD treatments. Recently, it has been reported that the expression of transforming growth factor $\beta$s (TGF-$\beta$s) are increased in TCDD treatment and also involved in regulation of cell cycle. Therefore, these results were considered that the decreased cell prolifcration by TCDD is related to the expression of TGF-$\beta$s.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.267-282
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• 2005

This work describes ongoing development of an embedded sensor system for the early detection and prevention of deterioration of reinforcing steel tendons within reinforced concrete. These devices will evaluate the condition of the steel tendon using ultrasonic techniques and then wirelessly transmit this data to the outside world without human intervention. The ultrasonic transducers and the interpretation of the sensed signals that allow detection and prognosis of tendon condition are detailed. Electrical characterization of concrete mixtures used in bridge construction is conducted and a wideband microstrip antenna is designed and fabricated to operate between 2.4 and 2.5 GHz when embedded in such a medium. Simulations and measurements of the embedded antenna element are presented. Transceiver selection and implementation are discussed as well as future work in operational protocols, sensor networking, and power sources. By implementing commercially available off-the-shelf components whenever possible, these devices have the potential to save millions of dollars a year in evaluation, repair and replacement of reinforced concrete.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.159-189
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• 2014

One of the most important requirements in the evaluation of existing structural systems and ensuring a safe performance during their service life is damage assessment. Damage can be defined as a weakening of the structure that adversely affects its current or future performance which may cause undesirable displacements, stresses or vibrations to the structure. The mass and stiffness of a structure will change due to the damage, which in turn changes the measured dynamic response of the system. Damage detection can increase safety, reduce maintenance costs and increase serviceability of the structures. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are simplified models of the human brain and evolved as one of the most useful mathematical concepts used in almost all branches of science and engineering. ANNs have been applied increasingly due to its powerful computational and excellent pattern recognition ability for detecting damage in structural engineering. This paper presents and reviews the technical literature for past two decades on structural damage detection using ANNs with modal parameters such as natural frequencies and mode shapes as inputs.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.12 no.5 s.52
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• pp.332-335
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• 2005

Porous and porous surfaced Ti-6Al-4V implant compacts were fabricated by electro-discharge-sintering (EDS) of atomized spherical Ti-6Al-4V powders with a diameter of $100-150\;{\mu}m$, The solid core formed in the center of the compact after discharge was composed of acicular ${\alpha}+{\beta}$ Widmanstatten grains, The hardness value at the solid core was much higher than that at the particle interface or particles in the porous layer, which can be attributed to both heat treatment and work hardening effects induced from EDS, The compressive yield strength was in a range of 19 to 436 MPa which significantly depends on both input energy and capacitance, Selected porous-surfaced Ti-6Al-4V implant compacts with a solid core have much higher compressive strengths compared to the human teeth and sintered Ti dental implants.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.456-461
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• 2022

Heavy metal pollution is caused due to anthropogenic activities and is considered as a serious environmental problem which endangers human health and environment. The present study deals with biosorption, an eco-friendly technique for the removal of heavy metal Zn(II) from aqueous medium. Various natural materials have been explored for the uptake of metal ions, where most of them are physically or chemically enhanced. Dry cowdung powder (DCP) has been utilized as a low-cost, environmentally friendly humiresin without any pre-treatment, thus demonstrating the concept of Green Chemistry. Batch biosorption studies using ⁶⁵Zn(II) tracer were performed and the impact of different experimental parameters was studied. Results revealed that at pH 6, 94 ± 2% of Zn(II) was effectively biosorbed in 5 min, at 303 K. The process was spontaneous and exothermic, following pseudo-second-order reaction. The mechanism of heavy metal biosorption employing green adsorbent was therefore elucidated in order to determine the optimal method for removing Zn(II) ions. DCP has a lot of potential in the wastewater treatment industry, as seen by its ability to meet 3A's affordability, adaptability, and acceptability criteria. As a result, DCP emerges as one of the most promising challengers for green chemistry and the zero-waste idea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 2003

Certain hexavalent chromium compounds when administered via inhalation have the potential to induce lung injury in human and experimental animals. In present study, the inhalation effect of hexavalent chromium on morphological change and weight change of rat organ were investigated. Rats were exposed to hexavalent chromium ($Na_2CrO_4{\cdot}4H_2O$) at concentration of $0.36mg/m^3$ (group 1), $1.8mg/m^3$ (group 2), ascorbic acid and $1.8mg/m^3$ (group 3) and filtered air (group 0, control group) for I week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks. The weight of lung and kidney in group 2 and group 3 significantly higher than in control group at same exposure period. The epithilial cells of bronchiole in group 1, 2, 3 were more flatten than group 0. In the lung, the number of macrophage was significantly increased and morphologically changed macrophages were observed in group 1, 2, 3. The morphological change of the lung did not significant between group 2 and group 3, however, in group 1 was milder than in group 2 and group 3. The severity of morphological change were depend on exposure period in the lung. The morphological changes by hexavalent chromium of the liver and kidney were also observed These results suggest that inhalation of hexavalent chromium effects on not only respiratory organ, but also the liver and the kidney via blood stream.