• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.216-224
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• 2023

Background: Smilax glabra has various pharmacological activities and is widely used as a herbal medicine. Although the incidence of oral cancer is low, the recurrence rate is high, and the 5-year survival rate is poor. It is necessary to search for anticancer drugs that increase the effect of cancer chemotherapy on heterogeneous oral tissues and reduce the side effects on normal cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of ethanol extract of Smilax glabra (EESG) as an anticancer drug for oral cancer. Methods: Smilax glabra root components extracted with 70% ethanol were used to analyze their effects on cancer cells. A 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide assay was performed for cytotoxicity analysis. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the cell cycle phase distribution. To observe apoptotic cells, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and γH2AX were detected by fluorescence microscope. The protein levels of cleaved PARP and caspase were analyzed using western blotting. The activation of procaspase-3 was confirmed by measuring caspase-3 activity. Results: EESG was no cytotoxic to normal gingival fibroblast but was high in YD10B oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. EESG treatment increased the subdiploid DNA content of YD10B cells by assessing DNA content distribution. Chromatin condensation and DNA strand breaks increased in YD10B cells treated with EESG. EESG-treated YD10B cells had high Annexin V and low propidium iodide levels, confirming that early apoptosis was induced. In addition, increased levels of γH2AX foci, a marker of DNA damage, were observed in the nuclei of EESG-treated YD10B cells. The EESG-treated YD10B cells also exhibited decreased procaspase-3 and procaspase-9 levels, increased PARP cleavage and caspase-3 activity. Conclusion: These results indicate that EESG inhibited cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis in YD10B OSCC cells.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2013

In this study, the antioxidative activities and component analysis of Broussonetia kazinoki SIEB (B. kazinoki). extracts were investigated. B. kazinoki extract showed the effective free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}=8.53{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity ($OSC_{50}$) of the ethyl acetate fraction of B. kazinoki. extracts in the luminol-dependent $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system was $1.69{\mu}g/mL$. The ethyl acetate fraction of B. kazinoki. extracts also exhibited more prominent cellular protective effects (${\tau}_{50}$, 183.3 min at $10{\mu}g/mL$) than that of typical antioxidant $\alpha$-tocopherol (${\tau}_{50}$ = 38.00 min) in the $^1O_2$-induced photohemolysis of human erythrocytes. Components of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from B. kazinoki extracts were analyzed by TLC, HPLC chromatogram, LC/ESI-MS/MS and $^1H$-NMR. Consequently, Components, components were identified as the kazinol J of kazinol series and luteolin (2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-chromenone) of flavonoid series having antioxidant activities. These results indicate that extract/ fraction of B. kazinoki can be used as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skins exposed to UV radiation by quenching and/or scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protecting cellular membranes against ROS. Thus, the extract/fraction of B. kazinoki could be applicable to new cosmeceuticals.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.434-441
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• 2015

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are considered novel agents for cancer chemotherapy. We previously investigated MHY219, a new HDAC inhibitor, and its potent anticancer activity in human prostate cancer cells. In the present study, we evaluated MHY219 molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of prostate cancer cell migration. Similar to suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), MHY219 inhibited HDAC1 enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner. MHY219 cytotoxicity was higher in LNCaP ($IC_{50}=0.67{\mu}M$) than in DU145 cells ($IC_{50}=1.10{\mu}M$) and PC3 cells ($IC_{50}=5.60{\mu}M$) after 48 h of treatment. MHY219 significantly inhibited the HDAC1 protein levels in LNCaP and DU145 cells at high concentrations. However, inhibitory effects of MHY219 on HDAC proteins levels varied based on the cell type. MHY219 significantly inhibited LNCaP and DU145 cells migration by down-regulation of matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-2 and induction of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). These results suggest that MHY219 may potentially be used as an anticancer agent to block cancer cell migration through the repression of MMP-1 and MMP-2, which is related to the reduction of HDAC1.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.240-245
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the boosting effects on collagen biosynthesis of $Anthriscus$ $sylvestris$ ethanol extract (ASE) in human dermal fibroblasts. To obtain more effective fraction and subfraction for collagen biosynthesis, standard solvent partition and open column chromatography were performed. The EtOH extract, solvent fractions, and 8 EtOAc subfractions were tested for their collagen synthesis capacity by [$^3H$]Proline-incorporation and ELISA assay. ASE increased 25% of total collagen synthesis and 27% of procollagen biosynthesis. The total collagen biosynthesis was increased by EtOAc fraction and E6 subfraction to 28% and 50% respectively. Type I procollagens were also upregulated by EtOAc fraction and E6 subfraction to 30% and 47%, each. Taken together, our data suggest that potential anti-aging effect of ASE on skin is via increasing collagen biosynthesis and effective subtraction is E6 subfraction of EtOAc fraction.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1307-1314
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• 2010

This study was conducted to isolate and characterize a novel feather-degrading bacterium producing keratinase activity. A strain K9 was isolated from soil at poultry farm and identified as Xanthomonas sp. K9 by phenotypic characters and 16S rRNA gene analysis. The cultural conditions for the keratinase production were 0.3% fructose, 0.1% gelatin, 0.04% $K_2HPO_4$, 0.06% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.05% NaCl and 0.01% $FeSO_4$ with an initial pH 8.0 at $30^{\circ}C$ and 200 rpm. In an optimized medium containing 0.1% chicken feather, production yield of keratinase was approximately 8-fold higher than the yield in basal medium. The strain K9 effectively degraded chicken feather meal (67%) and duck feather (54%), whereas human nail and human hair showed relatively low degradation rates (13-22%). Total free amino acid concentration in the cell-free supernatant was about 25.799 mg/l. Feather hydrolysate produced by the strain K9 stimulated growth of red pepper, indicating Xanthomonas sp. K9 could be not only used to increase the nutritional value of chicken feather but also a potential candidate for the development of natural fertilizer applicable to crop plant soil.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.4 s.51
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• pp.19-26
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• 2005

Digital technology continually makes a space evolves. The real-time behavior design communicates the data with the situation of circumference of the space(visitors moving, interior and exterior situations). The space form was changed because it interfaces in real time. The purpose of this study was finding out the characteristics of real-time behavior space design through the analysis of space formative languages, sensorium, S-R and material. This study will be the one of basic references for the digital space design. The boundary of this study set limits to the works of digital space designer who applies the real-time exchanging data to their design among the digital space design works from 1996 to 2004. But it excepted from the real-time behavior space in virtual realty. Therefore, the objects of this study were the works of onl and NOX(paraSITE, Trans-port 2001, Muscle, MotormeCCa, Handdrawspace, Saltwater Pavilion, Son-O-House, H2O Expo). The method was the contents analysis of space formative languages(Greg Lynn's ten space formative languages; bleb, blob, branch, flower, fold, lattice, teeth, shred, skins and strand), sensorium, S-R and material. The results of the study are as follows: 1) The organizational elements; Space formative languages(bleb, blob, fold, shred, skins, strand), stimulation(Human Participation, Human Moving, Weather Conditions), and response(Spatial Moving, Sound Pattern, Lighting Pattern, color Pattern, Activating Particles, Moving Picture, Virtual Friend) 2) The material Use; Sound, lights, and network have been used in the space. Immaterial matter will be used the main material of space design in 21"'century, 3)The spatial types; formal changing of space, projecting immaterial elements, and changing the sound.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.6_1
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• pp.1291-1302
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• 2020

To verify the field-effectiveness of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), a terrestrial LiDAR was deployed to examine the damage properties of woods in forest fire area, then the data was compared with the results surveyed by a forestry expert. Four sample plots (30 m × 50 m, 0.15 ha) were set from the foot to the top of the mountain, and DBH, height, clear length, burned height, and crown length were investigated. Next, TLS collected information on damage characteristics found in the sample plots. This information was then compared with that amassed by the expert. The expert and the TLS survey results showed 30.8 cm and 29.9 cm for DBH, 15.8 m and 17.5 m for tree height, 8.4 m and 8.4 m for clear length, 4.0 m, 3.5 m for burned height, and 7.4 cm and 9.1 cm for crown length. With the exceptions of height and clear length, no notable discrepancy was observed between two methods. H/D ratio, CL/H ratio, and BH/CL ratio, all of which contribute to stability and decay rate of the stand, from the two methods were also compared. The human survey rated each ratio (H/D, CL/H, BH/CL in order) 51.3%, 47.1%, and 53.6%, while the TLS presented the results of 58.8%, 52.0%, and 38.7%.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.797-810
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• 2023

Elaeagnus umbellata leaves have been reported to suppress inflammation, allergic responses, lung cancer proliferation and oral bacterial growth. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that has been found to cause many toxicities, including liver toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of 70% ethanol extract of E. umbellata leaves (EUL) to protect human hepatocytes from Cd toxicity. After exposure of HepG2 cells to Cd at 10 𝜇M for 24 h, cell viability, expression levels of apoptosis- and antioxidant-related proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and Cd uptake were assessed. EUL protected HepG2 cells from Cd-induced apoptosis as determined by MTT assay. A decrease in caspase-3 and p-p53 protein levels was observed in cells pretreated with EUL prior to Cd exposure. Furthermore, the Cd-induced increase in intracellular DCF fluorescence was attenuated by EUL, indicating that the Cd-induced apoptosis preventing effect was associated with the suppression of ROS accumulation. Moreover, EUL's effects on the inhibition of p38, JNK, and AKT phosphorylation also appear to be associated with protection against Cd toxicity. Moreover, EUL upregulated Cd-depressed expression of Nrf2, HO-1, catalase, and MT-1,2 proteins, suggesting that Cd uptake-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells may be inhibited by EUL's antioxidative potential.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1738-1745
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• 2007

A growth trial and a digestibility trial were conducted to examine the effect of feed particle size on the performance, nutrient digestibility, gastric ulceration and intestinal morphology in pigs fed barley-based diets. Barley was processed through a hammer mill to achieve four diets varying in particle size (average particle $size{\pm}standard $deviation): coarse ($1,100{\pm}2.19\;{\mu}m$), medium ($785{\pm}2.23\;{\mu}m$), fine ($434{\pm}1.70\;{\mu}m$) and mixed (1/3 of coarse, medium and fine) ($789{\pm}2.45\;{\mu}m$). Sixty-four entire male pigs were used in the growth trial and the diets were fed ad libitum between 31 kg and 87 kg live weight. Following slaughter, stomach and ileal tissues were scored for integrity (ulceration or damage) and histological measurements taken. Twenty-four entire male pigs were used in the digestibility trial, which involved total faecal collection. Over the entire growth phase, there were no differences (p>0.05) in average daily gain and feed conversion ratio between pigs fed diets of different particle size. Pigs fed the coarse and medium diets had lower (p<0.05) stomach ulceration scores (0.20 and 0.25, respectively, on a scale from 0 to 3) than those fed the mixed (0.69) or the fine diets (1.87). The stomachs of all animals fed the fine diet had lesions and stomach ulcerations were present only in this group. Pigs fed the fine diet had thicker (p<0.001) ileal epithelial cell layer with no differences (p>0.05) being observed for villous height or crypt depth. Faecal digestibility coefficients of neutral and acid detergent fibre were the highest (p<0.05) for the mixed diet, intermediate for the fine and coarse diets and the lowest for the medium diet. A similar numerical trend (p = 0.103) was observed for the apparent faecal energy digestibility coefficient. It is concluded that, with barley based diets, a variation in average particle size between $400{\mu}m$ and $1,100{\mu}m$ had no effect on pig performance but the fine dietary particle size affected the integrity of the stomach, as well as the structure of the small intestine, thus compromising overall gut health. Our data also demonstrate that changes in particle size distribution during the digestion process, rather than average particle size or particle size variation, are related to apparent faecal digestibility.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.379-386
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• 2014

PURPOSE. These days, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received worldwide attention because of their potentiality in tissue engineering for implant dentistry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various growth inducing factors in media for improvement of acquisition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F). MATERIALS AND METHODS. The mouse BMMSCs were freshly obtained from female C3H mouse femur and tibia. The cells seeded at the density of $10^6$/dish in media supplemented with different density of fetal bovine serum (FBS), $1{\alpha}$, 25-dihydroxyvitamin (VD3) and recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF). After 14 days, CFU-F assay was conducted to analyze the cell attachment and proliferation, and moreover for VD3, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay was additionally conducted. RESULTS. The cell proliferation was increased with the increase of FBS concentration (P<.05). The cell proliferation was highest at the density of 20 ng/mL rhEGF compared with 0 ng/mL and 200 ng/mL rhEGF (P<.05). For VD3, although the colony number was increased with the increase of its concentration, the difference was not statistically significant (P>.05). CONCLUTION. FBS played the main role in cell attachment and growth, and the growth factor like rhEGF played the additional effect. However, VD3 did not have much efficacy compare with the other two factors. Improvement of the conditions could be adopted to acquire more functional MSCs to apply into bony defect around implants easily.