• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.62-72
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• 2018

An active ingredient with hyaluronidase (HAse) inhibitory effect is one of the anti-aging approaches in cosmeceuticals. Here, red sea cucumbers (RSCs), Stichopus japonicus, from Jeju Island were evaluated to examine their HAse inhibitory and antioxidant activity effect. In this study, RSCs were extracted by six enzymatic hydrolysis (Alcalase; Al, Trypsin; Try, Neutrase; Neu, Pepsin; Pep, Alpha-chymotrypsin; Chy and Protamex; Pro). Alcalase hydrolysate (AlH) showed the highest antioxidant capacities for both of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) methods, compared to those of other hydrolysates, at $66.59{\pm}0.78{\mu}M\;TE/mg$ and $135.78{\pm}3.24{\mu}M\;TE/mg$, respectively. Furthermore, AlH performed the highest capacity of HAse inhibitory with $IC_{50}$ value of 3.21 mg/ml. Thus, RSCs hydrolyzed by Al were chosen to determine the cellular antioxidant activity and hyaluronic acid (HA) production effect on Human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The results showed that AlH improved the cell viabilities and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by 2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) were significantly decreased. In addition, AlH increased HA amount by regulating HYAL2 and HAS2 expressions in the HaCaT cells. Taken together, AlH of RSCs collected from Jeju Island showed HAse inhibitory and antioxidant activities against skin-aging which shows its potentials can be an optional natural bioactive ingredient for novel cosmeceuticals.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2002

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) has been widely used fur both human infertility and basic research. However, the high incidence of chromosomal abnormality is severe problem in cattle. Various oocyte activation stimuli, therefore, were compared by assessment of developmental capacity and chromosome analysis. Motile sperm selected by Percoll-density gradient were treated with 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and injected into an oocyte matured fur 24 h. Eggs were then allocated into 5 treatment groups. Group 1 (control), sperm injection was performed without any further activation stimuli to the oocytes. Group 2 (handled control), sham injection was performed without sperm. In Group 3, oocytes exposed to 5 (M ionomycin for 5 min at 39(C. Group 4. ionomycine + 1.9 mM demethylaminopurine (DMAP, 3 h) and Group 5, ionomycine + 3 h culture in Ml99 + DMAP. Cleavage and the later development rate in Groups 1, 2 and 3 were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in Groups 4 and 5. The incidence of chromosomal abnormality in the embryos treated directly with DMAP after ionomycine was relatively higher than in the embryo of Group 3 h, delayed DMAP treatment. From this results DMAP caused to be arrested the release of the 2nd polar body, resulting in changes of chromosomal pattern. Therefore, the time interval between ionomycin and DMAP is a crucial role in bovine ICSI.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.725-739
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics and descriptive analysis of Yanggaeng prepared with Lycii fructus extract (LD). LD were added in ratios (w/w) of 0 (C), 1.5 (LY1), 3.0 (LY2), 4.5 (LY3), and 6% (LY4), and then proximate compositions, physicochemical properties, and sensory evaluations of the Yanggaeng were measured LY1~LY4 samples showed higher contents of crude lipid, crude protein and crude ash as well as $^{\circ}Brix$ compared to control (p<0.001). pH and lightness (L) of samples decreased as the LD increased. With regard to the texture of Yanggaeng samples, the scores of hardness, adhesiveness, springness, and cohesiveness was significantly increased by the Addition of LD (p<0.05, p<0.01). For the descriptive analysis, ten panelist generated and evaluated 29 sensory attributes for the Yanggaeng, and there were significant differences among the samples for all 26 sensory attributes. For the descriptive data, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to summarize the sensory characteristics of the Yanggaeng. The results of PCA showed that the positive attributes, e.g. savoury, were closely in relationship with LY2 and LY3. Form the findings, this study suggests that 3~4.5% addition of LD was effective for preparation of Yanggaeng in the aspects of the consumer acceptability.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 2011

Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound that is widely used in dentistry as a component of zinc oxide eugenol cement that is commonly applied to the mouth environment. Cisplatin is one of the most potent known anticancer agents and shows significant clinical activity against a variety of solid tumors. This study was undertaken to investigate the synergistic apoptotic effects of co-treatments with eugenol and cisplatin on human melanoma (G361) cells. To investigate whether this co-treatment efficiently reduces the viability of G361 cells compared with each single treatment, an MTT assay was conducted. The induction and augmentation of apoptosis were confirmed by DNA electrophoresis, Hoechst staining and an analysis of DNA hypoploidy. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining were also performed to evaluate the expression levels and the translocation of apoptosis-related proteins following this co-treatment. Furthermore, proteasome activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes were also assayed. The results indicated that a co-treatment with eugenol and cisplatin induced multiple pathways and processes associated with an apoptotic response in G361 cells including nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, a reduction in MMP and proteasome activity, the increase and decrease of Bax and Bcl-2, a decreased DNA content, the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, the translocation of AIF and DFF40 (CAD) into the nucleus, and the activation of caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3, PARP and DFF45 (ICAD). In contrast, separate treatments of 300 ${\mu}M$ eugenol or 3 ${\mu}M$ cisplatin for 24 h did not induce apoptosis. Our present data thus suggest that a combination therapy of eugenol and cisplatin is a potential treatment strategy for human melanoma.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.402-409
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• 2001

Different bioligands carrying synthetic adsorbents have been reported in the literature for protein separation, We have developed a novel and new approach to obtain high protein ad-sorption capacity utilizing 2-methacrylamidohistidine(MAH) as a bioligand. MAH was synthe-sized by reacting methacrylocholride and histidine, Spherical beads with an average size of 150-200㎛ were obtained by the radical suspension polymerization of MAH and 2-hydrosyethyl-methacrylate(HEMA) conducted in an aqueous dispersion medium. p(HEMA-co-MAH) beads had a specific surface area of 17.6㎡/g . Synthesized MAH monomer was characterized by NMR. p(HEMA-co-MAH) beads were characterized by swelling test, FTIR and elemental analysis. Then Cu(II) ions were incorporated onto the beads and Cu(II) loading was found to be 0.96 mmol/g.These affinity beads with a swelling ration of 65% and containing, 1.6 mmol MAH/g were used in the adsorption/desorption of human serum albumin(HSA) from both aqueous solutions and hu-man serum. The adsorption of HSA onto p(HEM-co-MAH) was low(8.8 mg/g). Cu(II) chelation onto the beads significantly increased the HSA adsorption (56.3 mg/g). The maximum HSA ad-sorption ws observed at pH 8.0 Higher HSA adsorption was observed from human plasma(94.6 mgHSA/g) Adsorption of other serum proteins were obtained as 3.7 mg/g for fibrinogen and 8.5mg/g for γ-globulin. The total protein adsorption was determined as 107.1mg/g. Desorption of HSA was obtained using 0.1 M Tris/HCl buffer containing 0.5 M NaSCN, High desorption rations(up to 98% of the adsorbed HSA) were observed. It was possible to reuse Cu(II) chelated-p(HEMA-co-MAH) beads without significant decreases in the adsorption capacities.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2008

One bacterium, which showed strong antagonistic activity against H. pylori KCCM 41756, was isolated from kimchi. The strain NO1 was designated as Lactobacillus plantarum NO1 based on Gram staining, biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The culture medium $(2{\sim}4{\mu}g/ml)$ of Lb. plantarum NO1 reduced $(40{\sim}60%)$ the urease activity of H. pylori KCCM 41756. Lb. plantarum NO1 inhibited the binding of H. pylori to human gastric cancer cell line, AGS cells, by more than 33%. Lb. plantarum NO1 exhibited high viability (maintained initial viable cell count of $10^9CFU/ml$) in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) for 2 h, in artificial gastricjuice for 2 h and in 0.3%, 0.5% oxgall for 24 h. Hemolysis phenomena did not observed when Lb. plantarum NO1 was incubated in the blood agar media. We concluded that Lb. plantarum NO1 can be a good candidate as a probiotic, harboring anti-H. pylori activity.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 1997

The mapping of the spin-spin relaxation time T2 in pixed-by-pixel was suggested as a quantitative diagnostic tool in medicine. Although the CPMG pulse sequence has been known to be the best pulse sequence for T2 measurement in physics NMR, the supplied pulse sequence by the manufacture of MRI system was able to obtain the maximum of 4 CPMG images. Eight or more images with different echo time TEs are required to construct a reliable T2 map, so that two or more acquisitions were required, which easily took more than 10 minutes. 4-echo CPMG imaging pulse sequence was modified to generate the maximum of 8 MR images with evenly spaced echo time TEs. In human MR imaging, since patients tend to move at least several pixels between the different acquisitions, 8-echo CPMG imaging sequence reduces the acquisition time and may remove any misregistration of each pixel's signal for the fitting T2. The resultant T2 maps using the theoretically simulated images and using the MR images of the human brain suggested that 8 echo CPMG sequence with short echo spacing such as 17∼20 msec can give the reliable T2 map.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.310-317
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• 2022

Recently, interest in the harmful factors of particulate matter (PM), a major component of air pollution, has been increasing. In particular, PM_2.5 with a diameter of less than 2.5 ㎛ is well known to induce oxidative stress accompanied by autophagy in human lung epithelial cells. However, studies on whether PM_2.5 increases autophagy under oxidative stress and whether this process is reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent are insufficient. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether PM_2.5 promotes autophagy through the generation of ROS in human alveolar epithelial A594 cells. According to our results, cells co-treated with PM_2.5 and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) showed a lower cell viability than cells treated with each alone, which was associated with increased total and mitochondrial ROS production. The co-treatment of PM_2.5 and H₂O₂ also increased autophagy induction, which was confirmed through Cyto-ID staining, and the expression of autophagy biomarker proteins increased. However, when ROS generation was artificially blocked by N-acetyl-L-cysteine pretreatment, the reduction in cell viability and induction of autophagy by PM_2.5 and H₂O₂ co-treatment were markedly attenuated. Therefore, the present results suggest that PM_2.5-induced ROS generation may play a critical role in autophagy induction in A549 cells.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 1999

This cDNAs were cloned with the aid of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by sequences based on cloned rat LH/CG and FSH receptor cDNAs. A cDNAs of LHR and FSHR were transfected into the 293 cells. Several clonal cell lines were obtained expressing different numbers of cell surface receptors. One cell lines for each LHR and FSHR were chosen, and a corresponding cell lines expressing the wild type LHR and FSHR were selected based on the number of cell surface receptor for the particular LHR and FSHR. The abilities of the LHR and FSHR to transduce the hCG and FSH signals were measured by quantitating cAMP accumulation in cells incubated with increasing concentrations of hCG and FSH. The cAMP accumulation effects for these receptors were increased by the increasing concentrations of hCG and FSH. Thus, most of the receptors expressed in cells transfected with LHR and FSHR could be detected by measuring hormone binding and cAMP response, and can utilize to study the structure function and signal transduction of the choriogonadotropins and glycoprotein hormones.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.836-843
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• 2014

Obesity, a condition in which an abnormally large amount of fat is stored in adipose tissue, causing an increase in body weight, has become a major public health concern worldwide. The purpose of this study was to optimize the process for fermented milk for the production of a functional product with an anti-obesity effect by using Lactobacillus plantarum Q180 isolated from human feces. We used a 3-factor, 3-level central composite design (CCD) combined with the response surface methodology (RSM). Concentration of skim milk powder (%, $X_1$), incubation temperature ($^{\circ}C$, $X_2$), and incubation time (h, $X_3$) were used as the independent factors, whereas pH (pH, $Y_1$), anti-lipase activity (%, $Y_2$) and anti-adipogenetic activity (%, $Y_3$) were used as the dependent factors. The optimal conditions of fermented milk for the highest anti-lipase and anti-adipogenetic activity with pH 4.4 were the 9.5% of skim milk powder, $37^{\circ}C$ of incubation temperature, 28 h of incubation time. In the fermentation condition, the predicted values of pH, anti-lipase activity and anti-adipogenetic activity were 4.47, 55.55, and 20.48%, respectively. However, the actual values of pH, anti-lipase activity and anti-adipogenetic activity were 4.50, 52.86, and 19.25%, respectively. These results demonstrate that 9.5% of skim milk powder and incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 28 h were the optimum conditions for producing functional fermented milk with an anti-obesity effect.