• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.565-570
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• 1999

DW2282,(S)-(+)-4-phenyl-1-[1-(4-aminobenzoyl)-indoline-5-sulfonyl]-4,5-dihydro-2-imidazolone hydrochloride, is a new anticancer agent which is thought to exhibit a characteristic mechanism of action in the inhibition of tumor growth. In this study, we estimated the toxicities of DW2282 in mice. When mice were orally dosed for five consecutive days at the dosages of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, DW2282 did not induced methemoglobinemia and hypoglycemia at any of these doses. However, increased ALT and AST values were observed in the 150 mg/kg dosing group, and white blood cells (WBC) were significantly decreased at all doses. However, the changes in WBC count, ALT and AST immediately reversed after the cessation of drug administration. In addition, we found that DW2282 did not cause an increase in hemolysis in human blood. Taken together, these data suggested that DW2282 may have a relatively low level of toxicity, and that there may be a quick recovery from any toxicity it dose produce.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2016

A wide-spread contamination of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dioxins, PCBs, PBDEs in the aquatic ecosystem has generated a great concern over the potential risk for these substances to impact marine biotas and food web. Since a major exposure route of these substances to the humans is through the consumption of food including fish and marine byproducts, the consumption of contaminated products has been a great public health concern. Exposure to POPs has been associated with a wide spectrum of adverse effects including reproductive, developmental, immunologic, carcinogenic, and neurotoxic effects. This review covers the background information of key POPs substances and the recent development of toxicity studies including the mode of action. Because neurotoxic effects of some POPs have been observed in humans at low concentrations, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), a representative chemical of POPs, is focused to discuss the possible mode(s) of action for the neurotoxic effects. This review provides the updates of toxicity studies on POPs and paves ways to discuss a possible implication of contaminated marine biota over the human health among the marine biotechnology researchers.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2007

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a major concern because of their potential mutagenic and carcinogenic risks to human beings. One of these harmful, yet commonly observed PAHs is pyrene. Pyrene is one of the 16 PAHs listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as priority pollutants. The purposes of this research are to develop a method of pretreatment for PAH contaminants prior to a typical biological treatment and to demonstrate the biodegradablity of these compounds. Since pyrene is non-polar, hexane was chosen as a solvent to effectively dissolve pyrene. Pyrene solutions were treated with ozone, as it has hish oxidation capacity and electrophilic character. The intermediates and byproducts of pyrene were dissolved in alkaline water at pH 11.4 and neutralized to test for $BOD_5$, COD, and toxicity. These solutions were further ozonated and assessed of biodegradability. The first-order rate constant to was found to be between $0.121day^{-1}$ and $0.081 day^{-1}$, depending on the duration of reozonation. The $BOD_5/COD$ ratio was found to 0.66. The toxicity test showed that after 10 min of reozonation time, the byproducts and intermediates of pyrene were within the lion-toxic range of ${\pm}10%$ inhibition for E-Coli bacteria.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2011

N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is globally used as an organic solvent in the production of synthetic leather and resins because of its low volatility, making it an attractive industrial material. Despite its excellent property as a chemical solvent, utilization of DMF is somewhat controversial nowadays due to its hazardous effects on exposed workers in work places. Many toxification cases are being reported globally and the number of cases of liver damage is still increasing in developing countries. On account of this, a series of epidemiologic surveys are being conducted to understand the degrees of liver damage caused by DMF exposure. Furthermore, many investigations have been performed to clarify the mechanism of DMF-induced liver toxicity using both human and experimental animal models. This review summarizes the current occupational cases reported on liver damage from workers exposed to DMF in industrial work places and the research results that account for DMF-induced liver failure and possible carcinogenesis. The findings reviewed here show the synergistic toxicity of DMF exposure with other toxicants, which might occur through complicated but distinct mechanisms, which may extend our knowledge for establishing risk assessments of DMF exposure in industrial work places.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.4427-4432
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• 2010

파라벤은 낮은 독성과 안전성으로 인해 화장품 보존제로 널리 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 최근 파라벤의 잠재적 독성이 알려지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 환원전리수가 널리 사용되는 메틸파라벤에 의한 사람 피부섬유아 세포의 DNA 산화손상을 억제할 수 있는지 알아보기 위하여 코멧어세이를 실시하였다. 그 결과 흥미롭게도 환원전리수는 파라벤에 의한 피부섬유아세포 DNA의 산화손상을 억제할 수 있었다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2008

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are the most common source of human toxicity globally, causing high mortality and morbidity despite the availability of atropine as a specific antidote and oximes to reactivate acetylcholinesterase. The primary toxicity mechanism is inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), resulting in accumulation of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, and abnormal stimulation of acetylcholine receptors. Thus, the symptoms (muscarinic, nicotinic, and central nervous system) result from cholinergic overactivity because of AchE inhibition. OP can also cause rhabdomyolysis, pancreatitis, parotitis, and hepatitis. OP therapy includes decontamination, supportive therapy, and the use of specific antidotes such as atropine and oximes. However, there has been a paucity of controlled trials in humans. Here we evaluated the literature for advances in therapeutic strategies for acute OP poisoning over the last 10 years.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.354-363
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the adverse effects of Rasaraj Rasa tablets after repeated oral administration for 180 days in Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into five groups, of which three were treated with 54, 162, and 270 mg/kg body weight of Rasaraj Rasa, respectively, which correspond to one, three, and five times the proposed human therapeutic dose, for 180 days consecutively. The fifth group (satellite) also received 270 mg/kg body weight of Rasaraj Rasa for 180 days. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly. At the end of the study, all rats were sacrificed, and their blood, serum, and organs were collected and examined using hematology, serum biochemistry, gross pathology, and histopathology tests. In contrast, the satellite group was kept for 4 weeks after treatment. Results: No significant treatment-related toxicological findings were observed in the clinical features, body weight, laboratory findings, and pathological findings of the high-dose treated groups, when compared to those of the control group. Conclusion: The no-observed-adverse-effect-level for Rasaraj Rasa in Wistar rats is set at 270 mg/kg body weight.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2004

Although 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) is a powerful carcinogen in several species, limited model system exist to study carcinogenicity of this compound at cellular level. To enhance our under-standing of carcinogenicity of TCDD at cellular level, we investigated micronucleus (MN) frequency as a index of genetic toxicity and whether TCDD can transform the human cells in culture. Normal human cell lines, skin keratinocyte HaCaT, Chang liver and breast MCF10A cells were used. TCDD did not affect the cell viability of the Chang liver, HaCaT and MCF10A cells. The frequency of micronucleus was increased after treatment of TCDD for 24hr in Chang liver and HaCaT cells, but not changed in MCF10A cells. And we observed putative transformed cells in Chang liver cells exposed to 1 $\mu$M TCDD for 2 weeks. The putative transformed cells were also observed in HaCaT cells with subsequent exposure to TCDD (0.1, 1, 10, 100 nM) for 2 weeks after initial exposure to MNNG, but not observed in MCF10A cells. Collectively, these results indicate that the ability of TCDD to induce micronuclei may be involved in cellular transformation of Chang liver and HaCaT cells. Our putative TCDD-transformed cells of Chang liver and HaCaT are expected to provide a clue to the elucidation of TCDD-induced transformation pathway.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.86-90
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• 2018

Methallylescaline, 2-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-[(2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl)oxy]phenyl)ethanamine, is a new psychoactive substance with potent agonist of 5-HT receptor, but there is little information on its pharmacological effect, metabolism, and toxicity. It is necessary to characterize the metabolic profiling of methallylescaline in human hepatocytes using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Methallylescaline was metabolized to three hydroxy-methallylescaline (M1-M3) and dihydroxy-methallylescaline (M4) via hydroxylation in human hepatocytes. CYP2D6, CYP2J2, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4 enzymes were responsible for the metabolism of methallylescaline. The metabolites as well as methallylescaline would be used for monitoring the abuse of methallylescaline.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1423-1428
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• 2014

Iso-suillin, a natural product isolated from Suillus luteus, has been shown to inhibit the growth of some cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of this compound are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate how iso-suillin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in a human hepatoma cell line (SMMC-7721). We demonstrated the effects of iso-suillin on cell proliferation and apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells, with no apparent toxicity in normal human lymphocytes, using colony formation assays and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) analysis. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of $G_1$ phase-regulated and apoptosis-associated protein levels in iso-suillin treated SMMC-7721 cells. The results indicated that iso-suillin significantly decreased viability, induced $G_1$ phase arrest and triggered apoptosis in SMMC-7721cells. Taken together, these results suggest the potential of iso-suillin as a candidate for liver cancer treatment.