• (The) Korean Journal of Educational Psychology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.367-384
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop picture testing instrument for measuring children's causal reasoning ability on events that can occur in daily life. The measurement instrument contains three domain of human development; haman behavior domain, human psychology domain, and natural/physical domain. Through this study, researchers designed a concept model based on theoretical framework and prior studies and investigated the reliability and validity of the measurement instrument which was developed in accordance with the concept model. For the empirical validation research, a pretest was conducted to 336 elementary school students in grade 2 to 4 in Seoul. Considering reliability and validity of the developed measurement instrument and factor loadings, researchers sorted out 18 questions. And then 18 question test and KICE Critical Thinking Ability Test was conducted to 509 elementary school students in grade 1 to 4 in Seoul. According to the result of the tests, the researchers sorted out final 12 questions. The Cronbach's alpha, reliability of the children's causal reasoning ability test consisted of the final 12 question, was significant as .72. Also, the result of exploratory factor analysis showed that factors of this test were haman behavior domain, human psychology domain, and natural/physical domain. Moreover, the correlation between the KEDI Reasoning Ability Test(2003) scores and the scores of the test developed in the current study was significant as .55. Finally, the result of the analysis about children's grade differences, the development by discrepancy of age was significant in total points and that of each domain. The children's causal reasoning ability test developed by this study can be useful not only for the evaluation of children's thinking ability but also for screening of the handicapped children in thinking ability development.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.23-48
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• 2024

Building human-aligned artificial intelligence (AI) for social support remains challenging despite the advancement of Large Language Models. We present a novel method, the Chain of Empathy (CoE) prompting, that utilizes insights from psychotherapy to induce LLMs to reason about human emotional states. This method is inspired by various psychotherapy approaches-Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Person-Centered Therapy (PCT), and Reality Therapy (RT)-each leading to different patterns of interpreting clients' mental states. LLMs without CoE reasoning generated predominantly exploratory responses. However, when LLMs used CoE reasoning, we found a more comprehensive range of empathic responses aligned with each psychotherapy model's different reasoning patterns. For empathic expression classification, the CBT-based CoE resulted in the most balanced classification of empathic expression labels and the text generation of empathic responses. However, regarding emotion reasoning, other approaches like DBT and PCT showed higher performance in emotion reaction classification. We further conducted qualitative analysis and alignment scoring of each prompt-generated output. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the emotional context and how it affects human-AI communication. Our research contributes to understanding how psychotherapy models can be incorporated into LLMs, facilitating the development of context-aware, safe, and empathically responsive AI.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.169-177
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to review previous studies on human errors in the service delivery processes. Service industry is sharply growing in the advanced countries. Many people are looking for something to contribute to the service industry. Although there are many research topics related to service domain that human factors and ergonomics specialists can do contribute, a few researchers are studying such topics. This paper indicated how previous researches on human factors and human errors have addressed the service domain, in order to prompt human factor study on the service domain. A variety of sources were inspected for literature reviews, including books and journals of managements, medicine, psychology, consumer behavior as well as human factor and ergonomics. The characteristics of human errors in the service domain were investigated. Human error studies in several service sectors were summarized such as medical service, automotive service operation, travel agent service and call center service. Until now, human factors community was not much interested in human errors in service domain. However, there is much space to contribute to service domain; human error identification, human error analysis and control of human error. The research of human error in service domain can provide clues to improve service quality. This paper helps to guide to identify human error of service domain and to design service systems.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.263-271
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• 2007

A review of recent studies indicates that positive emotions help buffer stress. In particular, humor is what only human can appreciate. Humor plays an important role in many facets of human life including psychological, social, and somatic functioning. This study is to identify children's ANS responses by humor or joy using audio-visual film clips. 49 male and female children (12-13 years) participated in this study. The participants were briefed on the experiment was its procedure. During the experiment, electrodes were attached to participant and middle fingers of left hands. Physiological responses(EDA, SKT, PPG and ECG) were measured for 30s both in the resting state and experiment state during which emotion provoking stimulus was presented for 2 min. Also, self-report on emotions was followed for 1 min. Results from the self-report showed that both humor and joy were evoked effectively among 89.3% of children. It explains that emotion-eliciting stimuli were effective and appropriate. ANS responses in both emotion were significant in three physiological variables (i.e., SCL, NSCR, LF). There was a significant difference between humor emotion and joy emotion, and both emotions were distinguishable by a specific ANS response pattern.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.215-226
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• 2014

The 3D technology has been spread slowly and the reason would be attributed to the fact that most commercialized 3D displays require 3D glasses. There have been various researches on human factors of glass type 3D display. In this study we measured and modeled crosstalk as well as 3D visual fatigue induced by mobile glassless 3D display. Crosstalk as well as visual fatigue varied depending on horizontal position of the 3D mobile display. Measured crosstalk was relative low around the center of the display and it increased at the side of the display. Similar results were found in the measurement of 3D visual fatigue and discomfort. These results imply that human factors should be considered in the process of design and evaluation of mobile 3D displays.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2000.10d
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• pp.405-410
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 기능적 자기공명영상을 이용하여 한글 문장의 의미와 통사 처리에 관한 뇌의 활성화 양상을 비교함으로써 한글문장 이해의 과정에 대한 신경해부학적 증거를 찾고자 하였다. 6명의 자원자를 대상으로 문장진위판단과제를 이용하여 활성화를 유도하였다. 1.5T 초전도 자기공명영상 장치에서 EPI로 BOLD 기법을 이용하여 기능적 영상을 얻었으며 영상 후 처리는 SPM99 분석 프로그램을 이용하였다. 의미관련 통사관련 문장 모두에서 좌 우 전두회(frontal gyrus) 영역에서 활성화되었다. 의미와 통사처리 영역을 구분하기 위하여 감산법을 적용한 결과, 의미처리는 좌반구의 중측두회(middle temporal gyrus) 영역에서, 통사처리는 우반구의 하전두회(BA44) 부위에서 더 많이 활성화되었다. 의미처리에서 더 우세한 성향을 띠는 부위로 밝혀진 중측두회 영역은 의미처리시에 활성화되는 영역으로 보고하는 기존의 연구와 일치하는 결과이다. 의미와 통사 문장처리시의 뇌 활성화 양상은 뇌의 여러 영역에서 중첩되어 있기는 하지만, 특정영역에서의 차이를 보이고 있으므로, 의미와 통사처리는 다른 기전(mechanism)에 의해서 일어남을 시사해 준다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.276-284
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• 2022

The research aims to study the dynamics of academic procrastination and its impact on the mental health of students during the transition to distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was identified a declining tendency of overall rates of academic procrastination and at the same time increase in the number of carriers of mid and high levels of academic procrastination. The decline in the general rates of academic procrastination at the beginning of 2021 testifies to the adaptation processes experienced by students to the conditions of distance learning. It was documented that students' academic procrastination is accompanied by a steady negative emotional tension. During the transition to distance learning, the intensity of students' learning activity has increased, which altogether causes stress as one of the main reasons for the academic procrastination among future psychologists. The study identified a risk of academic procrastination manifestation among students for their mental health, which provides a basis for developing and testing a program to prevent the phenomenon of academic procrastination among degree-seeking students.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.569-580
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the effect of peripheral blur on binocular fusion to resolve binocular fusion failure which is one of the 3D visual fatigues in the perspective of human visual system. With stimulus having discrete disparity change, binocular fusion failure rate for target stimulus having crossed and uncrossed disparity decreased. And target stimulus having continuous disparity also required relatively larger binocular disparity when peripheral blur was presented with target stimulus rather than when peripheral blur was not presented. These results imply that peripheral blur facilitated binocular fusion in the situation of binocular disparity change, and suggest that considering the characteristics of human three-dimensional visual systems, manipulating 3D contents can improve visual discomfort caused by binocular displays at low costs.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to develop a system dynamics model for the assessment of the organizational and human factors in a nuclear power plant which contribute to nuclear safety. Previous studies can be classified into two major approaches. One is the engineering approach using tools such as ergonomics and Probability Safety Assessment (PSA). The other is the socio-psychology approach. Both have contributed to find organizational and human factors and to present guidelines to lessen human error in plants. However, since these approaches assume that the relationship among factors is independent they do not explain the interactions among the factors or variables in Nuclear Power Plants. To overcome these restrictions, a system dynamics model, which can show cause and effect relationships among factors and quantify the organizational and human factors, has been developed. Handling variables such as the degree of leadership, the number of employees, and workload in each department, users can simulate various situations in nuclear power plant organization. Through simulation, users can get insights to improve safety in plants and to find managerial tools in both organizational and human factors.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.617-627
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of the study was to develop a most widely used Korean dictionary of emotion expressing idioms. This is anticipated to assist the development of software technology that recognizes and responds to verbally expressed human emotions. Method: Through rigorous and strategic classification processes, idiomatic expressions included in this dictionary have been rated in terms of nine different emotions (i.e., happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, disgust, interest, boredom, and pain) for meaning and intensity associated with each expression. Result: The Korean dictionary of emotion expression idioms included 427 expressions, with approximately two thirds classified as 'happiness'(n=96), 'sadness'(n=96), and 'anger'(n=90) emotions. Conclusion: The significance of this study primarily rests in the development of a practical language tool that contains Korean idiomatic expressions of emotions, provision of information on meaning and strength, and identification of idioms connoting two or more emotions. Application: Study findings can be utilized in emotion recognition research, particularly in identifying primary and secondary emotions as well as understanding intensity associated with various idioms used in emotion expressions. In clinical settings, information provided from this research may also enhance helping professionals' competence in verbally communicating patients' emotional needs.