• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.247-258
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• 2023

Objective: To localize the neuroanatomical substrate of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and to investigate the neuroanatomical locational relationship between RBD and α-synucleinopathy neurodegenerative diseases. Materials and Methods: Using a systematic PubMed search, we identified 19 patients with lesions in different brain regions that caused RBD. First, lesion network mapping was applied to confirm whether the lesion locations causing RBD corresponded to a common brain network. Second, the literature-based RBD lesion network map was validated using neuroimaging findings and locations of brain pathologies at post-mortem in patients with idiopathic RBD (iRBD) who were identified by independent systematic literature search using PubMed. Finally, we assessed the locational relationship between the sites of pathological alterations at the preclinical stage in α-synucleinopathy neurodegenerative diseases and the brain network for RBD. Results: The lesion network mapping showed lesions causing RBD to be localized to a common brain network defined by connectivity to the pons (including the locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, central superior nucleus, and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray), regardless of the lesion location. The positive regions in the pons were replicated by the neuroimaging findings in an independent group of patients with iRBD and it coincided with the reported pathological alterations at post-mortem in patients with iRBD. Furthermore, all brain pathological sites at preclinical stages (Braak stages 1-2) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and at brainstem Lewy body disease in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) were involved in the brain network identified for RBD. Conclusion: The brain network defined by connectivity to positive pons regions might be the regulatory network loop inducing RBD in humans. In addition, our results suggested that the underlying cause of high phenoconversion rate from iRBD to neurodegenerative α-synucleinopathy might be pathological changes in the preclinical stage of α-synucleinopathy located at the regulatory network loop of RBD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.118-135
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• 2015

In recent years, smart clothing had been developed in order to better detect and monitor physical movement of the patient, so that such activities such as location identification and biometric recognition could be done. However, most of the sensing devices of smart clothing were limited to smart sensing sports clothing and the designs did not consider the physical characteristics and the behavior of the wearer. Therefore, this study aimed to create an open protection system by developing a wearable sensing device for health monitoring and location information. For this purpose, this study developed eleven types of wearable sensing design that could be commercially sold and worn by people who needed their biological information to be constantly monitored. The study conducted four tests in order to develop three types of sensing devices for various sensing wears. The purpose of this study was to expand the user rang of smart sensing wears, and provide a foundation for the development of distinctive wearable sensing devices reflecting the user. Furthermore, contribute to the design for the person subject to protection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.13-26
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• 2015

Urban park and green space provide various functions. Among the functions, human benefit and increase of biodiversity are known to be important. Therefore, it is important to consider human and biotic aspect in the process of selecting suitable site for park and green space. However, there is insufficient research on both aspects. In this study, we used green network to analyze human and biotic aspect to select suitable site for park and green space in Seongnam City in Korea. To analyze the green network, we used accessibility for human aspect and used dispersal distance and habitat size for biotic aspect. We conducted least-cost path modelling using movement cost. In case of biotic aspect, GFS (generic focal species) is used to estimate habitat size and dispersal distance. To find out suitable site for park and green space, we used an overlay analysis method. As the result, old residential areas are shown have insufficient green network which needs park and green space. Furthermore, the green network for biotic aspect is insufficient in old residential areas comapred to green network for human aspect. The result of this study could contribute in planning of park and green space to maximize their functions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.204-209
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• 2007

As people are getting interested in themselves ever than before, the value of culture industry which can satisfy their emotions has been considered much more important. According to this, in terms of the 'space', it is better to represent 'space' not just as a functional space, but the human-centered and making human and nature together. In this society, the most human-centered design can be achieved by pursuing value which is friendlier to nature. And it is sure that the interior design that completes life quality as well as emotions of human will be common in near future. There already has been a try 'Green interior' in subway station in variety ways, and now it is needed to make indoor display in Seoul subway station different in order to satisfy human emotions. If culture space in Seoul subway station applied eco-element interacts with indoor environment, it is surely expected that people have better feeling on subway station as well as help eliminate negative elements which underground have had. In culture space, there are many advantages for displaying space into 'nature', that is, natural space represents the best comfortable and agreeable space, and future-oriented design when it gets interacted with environment. Application of 'Green interior' in Seoul subway station makes special place ness by its symbol and image, so that it derives people to have more natural and comfortable movement distance in subway station, offers more comfortable and cozy place as well. Furthermore, it makes people very moved by experiencing the most special culture space that they have ever had.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.255-266
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• 2015

In this study, we have developed the ergonomic pattern from the 3D human body reflecting cycling posture and extensibility of the stretch fabrics. Adjusting pressure level in the construction of athlete's tight-fitting stretch garments by reducing the original pattern is a challenging subject, which influence on the performance of the wearer directly. Therefore, in this study, relationships between the reduction rates of the 2D pattern obtained from the 3D human scan and resultant clothing pressure were explored to improve the fit and pressure exerted by reduced clothing pattern. Subjective wear sensations of the experimental garments were rated using a seven-point Likert scale on two consecutive days. While wearing the garments, subjects were asked to take five different postures including waist flexion, sitting and others. A Likert-type scale was used for the evaluation, with 7 points indicating the best fit in tight-fitting pants. Comparing 2/3T-pattern with T-pattern, the latter was superior to 2/3T-pattern in terms of adhere well to the waist and hip area in the 0.032 significance level. T-pattern was superior to 2/3T-pattern in terms of fitting and wear comfort. As results, the pattern obtained from the flexed body reflecting cycling posture already included the contraction and extension of the skin while cycling posture, so that the extra ease for movement and good fit was not need to be considered. The optimized reduction rates were determined with the proposed reduction rate, the resultant pressure range was within the range of $0.5{\sim}3.0gf/cm^2$ at eight locations on the body except front waist band and thigh band.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1478-1486
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• 2008

The human body composed of concave and convex curvatures, and the current 3D scanning technology which involves inherent measurement errors make it difficult to extract distinct curvature plot directly. In this study, a method of extracting the clear curvature plot and its application to the cycling pants design were proposed. We have developed the ergonomic pattern from the 3D human body reflecting cycling posture. For the ergonomic design line on the 3D human body, the 3D information on the lower part of four male bodies with flexed posture was analyzed. The 3D scan data of four subjects were obtained using Cyberware. As results, the iteration of the tessellated shell was executed 100 times to obtain optimized curvature plots of the muscles on the body surface, and the boundaries of the curvature plots were applied to the design lines. Maximum(Max-pattern) and mean curvature plots(Mean-pattern) were adopted in the design line of the cycling pants, and performance of those lines was compared with that of conventional princess line(Con-pattern). The average error of total area and length in the 2D pattern developed from the 3D flexed body surface in this study were very minimal($4.58cm^2$(0.19%) and 0.15mm(0.46%)), which was within the range of tolerable limits in clothing production. The pattern obtained from the flexed body reflecting cycling posture already included the contraction and extension of the cycling skin, so that the extra ease for movement and good fit was not need to be considered.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.67-72
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• 2024

The algorithm is applied on the premise that the image generated by AI can be recognized and used smoothly by the user. Other assets are not exposed to the user or discarded because they are unnecessary or unfamiliar. This study aims to expand the scope of the utility of the image generated by AI, which is used as a high-level tool in the design field. To this end, we first examined human information processing and reflection in AI by the cognitive paradigm by examining previous studies and cases, and discussed the value of expansion by focusing on creativity and bottom-up processing of AI's self-organization. Considering the human recogmition process that instinctively grasps an object, the following AI usability was proposed. It is to utilize AI as a high-level tool applied appropriately to human perception, or to utilize the derivative itself by bottom-up self-organization. In addition, it is to set the algorithm to the minimum intervention so that basic elements such as shape, color, size, texture, and movement are composed of figure-ground according to the human perception process that instinctively grasps an object, and to utilize the results. Limiting the use of AI to a tool suitable for human perception and information processing or production by designers or general users is to operate only a part of the convenience and usability of AI. The image creation through AI's self-organization, as seen from the cognitive paradigm, is a step toward opening a new era of design where technical aesthetics meets devices, just as design has been constantly developing in pursuit of novelty and differentiation due to its nature.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2014

Purpose Surgical correction of various occular problems which do not have visual problem in plastic surgical area is to normalize the appearance of the face by restoring the normal position of orbit and eyeball. With development of surgical technique, the orbit can be restored exactly in trauma patient and can be moved totally in hypertelorism, as an example of congenital disease. All these surgeries are based on the hypothesis that the position of oclular glove moves in the plane in a quantitatively predictable reationship to osseous orbit movement. However, no studies have critically evaluated between the change of periorbital soft tissue and the outcome of the surgical correction, because there is no method of objective, quantitave evaluation of the periorbital soft tissue. Method Author suggest the methodology for quantitative assessment of ocular and periocular fat changes using the manipulation of digital images of computed tomographic scan. Results The method was allowed to evaluate inter-dacryon distance, inter-centroid distance, movement of the medial orbital wall, movement of the lateral orbital wall, alteration of thickness of the lateral periorbital fat as indicator of movement of the orbital wall and orbit in the patient with congenital periorbital anomaly and postoperative periorbital surgery. The goal of surgical correction of various occular problems which do not have visual problem in plastic surgical area is to normalize the appearance of the face by restoring the normal position of orbit and eyeball. With development of surgical technique, the orbit can be restored exactly in trauma patient and can be moved totally in hypertelorism, as an example of congenital disease. All these sugeries are based on the hypothesis that the position of oclular glove moves in the plane in a quantitatively predictable relationship to osseous orbit movement. However, no studies have critically evaluated between the change of periorbital soft tissue and the outcome of the surgical correction, because there is no method of objective, quantitave evaluation of the periorbital soft tissue. In this report, author suggest the methodology for quantitative assessment of ocular and periocular fat changes using the manipulation of digital images of computed tomographic scan. Conclusion The method suggested is objective and accurate method in measurement of the orbital contents. It takes time and is not easy to do, however, this kind of measurement for fine structures will be more easily available in near future.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.72
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• pp.341-366
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• 2022

In Korean society, church once witnessed the period of its being considered light and salt. After the liberation, Korean church bestowed Jesus Christ's love to underprivileged neighbors in the industrialization process and organized practical participation activities for human rights and democratization. Nonetheless, church was sunken into quantitative growth without having qualitative growth. As church was cited as the epicenter of the spreading COVID-19, the image of selfish church has started receiving attention and there has appeared a criticism for immoral church tendency, which brought low trust about church. These things are resulted from church's failure to undertake its role with responsibility, in society. Such as this, church has lost its identity as the model of the Kingdom of God. In such a situation, church needs to remind itself of the enlightenment of the Ecumenical Movement, in order to recover trust and perform its mission. The Ecumenical Movement means accomplishing unification of the universe through a renewed church. This movement is aimed to create the earth as 'where humans can stay' and to consider the sustainability of mankinds. This purpose of this study is to examine political activities conducted for responsible participation in the church world and to find the way for church roles in this world. This researcher will attempt to investigate educational methods to help Christians in this world take full responsibility given to them, through an educational discussion about Christianity made in this context. This educational attempt means, in other words, political affairs also.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.253-264
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• 2003

This study aims at finding the structure of spike technique by analysing comparatively the spike action by excellent and by non-excellent players throughout the section from a flying jump to the time of landing for the correct analysis of spike action and tries to help athletes and coaches to execute a scientific training. For the objected person of this study, six of H College athletes three of excellent athletes and three of non-excellent athletes, presently registered as athlete with the Korea Volleyball federation) were chosen, and the factors of analysis were analysed upon performance time of action by section, human body centered displacement, change of articulation angle, speed change of articulation of the upper limbs, uniformity of the articulation of the upper limbs upon impact, etc. The conclusion of this study is as follow: 1. In the time required for taking action, it shows to take $1.067{\pm}0.057$ seconds for the group of excellent athletes and $1.034{\pm}0.033$ seconds for the group of non-excellent athletes. Although there was not big difference between two groups in the performance time of action, it showed that the group of excellent athletes takes longer compared to the group of non-excellent athletes. And it was found by the result of this study that the group of excellent athletes stays longer in the duration of flight. 2. In the displacements of horizontal movement and vertical movement, it was found that the group of excellent athletes have moved more than the group of non-excellent athletes in the horizontal movement of the center of human body 3. In the angles of wrist and knee, it was found that the excellent athletes have shown little than the non-excellent athletes in the entire sections, but that in the angle of elbow, the non-excellent athletes have shown bigger than the excellent athletes.. 4. In the speed of the articulation of the upper limbs upon impact, it was found that the group of excellent athletes have shown bigger than the group of non-excellent athletes, and that in the maximum value of the articulation of the upper limbs, the maximum value for the hand was indicated upon impact and that forearm and upper arm have shown the maximum value just before the impact. 5. In the uniformity of articulation of the upper limbs at the time of impact, the group of excellent athletes showed bigger than the group of non-excellent athletes in all the articulations.