• Korean Security Journal
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• no.7
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• pp.125-154
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• 2004

Capitalism is based on a material desire of the human being. the social control of capital value and the management of capital ability reflects the actual condition of the capitalism well. The unconstrained growing and the expansion of capitalism, it finally lost social meaning and an importance of human being element and the safety of the civilian life, began to threat the security of citizen by forming over the material center structure of society. Improving human life quality and material richness on their life leads positive factor of capitalism whereas is causing several crimes through the society which is being threatened around a human being life for a negative factor of the capitalism. Therefore capitalistic social system has offered both a positive factor 'growing' and 'richness' and that of a negative 'structural poverty' and 'lack of security' and they have been remaining the assignment of capitalism 'poverty' and 'security' by settlement in the society for a extremely phenomenon of both sides. The objective of this research is to build its study theory and establish its causal relation by illuminating for the social environment of capitalism for a private guard or a development background of the civil security contributing for citizen security, as well as gets the clue of the development possibility of the civil guard and escort field and the development of capitalism. In Korea because their recognition of the study approach and the social safety for social security control function is still staying first step and our daily life is annoying from various threat of the society, many studies and the realistic necessity of experience related with social security is being studied. In addition, The development possibility of the civil guard and defense at the civil field which will be keep the social security has a wide position but its study approach and realistic comprehension is still in insufficient condition. Consequently, this research is started to grasp the security of civil fiend and to grope a development possibility through the research of capitalism.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.173-180
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the neurogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP). Materials and Methods: After induction of neurogenic differentiation using commercial differentiation medium, expression levels of neural markers, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), class III ${\beta}$-tubulin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were identified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, and immunocytochemistry. Results: The induced cells showed neuron-like morphologies, similar to axons, dendrites, and perikaryons, which are composed of neurons in DPSCs, PDLSCs, and SCAP. The mRNA levels of neuronal markers tended to increase in differentiated cells. The expression of MAP2 and ${\beta}$-tubulin III also increased at the protein level in differentiation groups, even though GFAP was not detected via immunocytochemistry. Conclusion: Human dental stem cells including DPSCs, PDLSCs, and SCAP may have neurogenic differentiation capability in vitro. The presented data support the use of human dental stem cells as a possible alternative source of stem cells for therapeutic utility in the treatment of neurological diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.311-317
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• 1999

Human T-cell leukemia virus Type-I (HTLV-I) is etiologically associated with rare adult T-cell leukemia, a malignant T-cell disorder. cDNAs encoding p24 (gag), gp21(env), and pXII of HTLV-I were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the genomic DNA extracted from HUT102 cell line as a template. The amplified cDNAs were cloned into the Escherichia coli expression vectors and over-expression of the recombinant proteins were achieved by adding IPTG into the culture media in order to induce the promoter. The molecular weights of the recombinant p24, gp21, and pXII, determined by SDS-PAGE, were found to be approximately 28 kDa, 23 kDa, and 15 kDa, respectively. Reactivity of the recombinant proteins with human sera was tested by the immunoblot assay. The gp21 and p24 reacted against the sera obtained from HTLV-I-infected individuals but not against the sera obtained from normal persons. These results suggest that the recombinant proteins expressed in E. coli were recognized by antibodies in sera from HTLV-I infected patients. These recombinant proteins would be applicable for detecting the presence of antibodies against HTLV-I in human blood samples.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.261-269
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• 1999

The relationship between second messenger cGMP and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication was investigated. First, the intracellular level of cGMP ([cGMP]i) in HCMV-infected cells was measured. The [cGMP]i increased at early times after HCMV infection, reached maximum level at 12 hr and returned to basal level at 24 hr after virus infection, while [cGMP]i in mock-infected cells remained relatively unchanged. Increasing [cGMP]i resulted in enhanced transcription of HCMV major immediate early gene. For early gene expression, cGMP had varying effect. Expression of 1.2 kb RNA decreased and 2.2 kb RNA increased with increasing cGMP, while 2.7 kb RNA gene expression was not affected. HCMV early genes are regulated by immediate early gene, and the effect of cGMP on the regulatory effect of major immediate early gene on early genes was investigated. In the absence of cGMP, major immediate early gene repressed 2.7 kb RNA gene expression, while 1.2 kb RNA and 2.2 kb RNA early genes were not significantly affected. In the presence of $1\;{\mu}M$ cGMP, however, major immediate early gene stimulated the expression of three early genes.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 1999

Rotaviruses belong to Reoviridae causes diarrhea in human beings as well as domestic animals. This study was conducted to see what type of human rotaviruses are distributed in Seoul and Kyung-gi province. Twenty two of 81 patients showed rotavirus positive with diagnostic kit and RNA electropherosis. We isolated all of rotaviruses from the patients. Electropherotypes of 22 isolates showed 4:2:3:2 pattern whereas those migration patterns were long type. All of those isolates belonged to group A. Twenty out of 22 isolates reacted with monoclonal antibodies specific to G1, P1A and subgroup II, whereas rest of them, A-29 and K-30 reacted with subgroup I specific monoclonal antibody. The nucleotide sequence of an isolate K-21 showed $98{\sim}100%$ and $90{\sim}96%$ homologies with those of Wa and KU strain, respectively.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 2005

Recently the demand for civil security and security guards shows rapid growth. However the supply and training system have some limitations. Educational and training systems for civil body and security guards are in the basic level and private organizations trained the professional work force. So this paper is showing what a social dominant factor and a divice of development of the private security. Capitalism is based on a material desire of the human being. the social control of capital value and the management of capital ability reflects the actual condition of the capitalism well. The unconstrained growing and the expansion of capitalism, it finally lost social meaning and an importance of human being element and the safety of the civilian life, began to threat the security of citizen by forming over the material center structure of society. Improving human life quality and material richness on their life leads positive factor of capitalism whereas is causing several crimes through the society which is being threatened around a human being life for a negative factor of the capitalism. Therefore capitalistic social system has offered both a positive factor 'growing' and 'richness' and that of a negative 'structural poverty' and 'lack of security' and they have been remaining the assignment of capitalism 'poverty' and 'security' by settlement in the society for a extremely phenomenon of both sides. In Korea because their recognition of the study approach and the social safety for social security control function is still staying first step and our daily life is annoying from various threat of the society. many studies and the realistic necessity of experience related with social security is being studied. In addition. The development possibility of the civil guard and defense at the civil field which will be keep the social security has a wide position but its study approach and realistic comprehension is still in insufficient condition.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2019

OCT4, also known as POU5F1 (POU domain class 5 transcription factor 1), is a transcription factor that acts as a master regulator of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells and is one of the reprogramming factors required for generating induced pluripotent stem cells. The human OCT4 encodes three isoforms, OCT4A, OCT4B, and OCT4B1, which are generated by alternative splicing. Currently, the functions and expression patterns of OCT4B remain largely unknown in malignancies, especially in human glioblastomas. Here, we demonstrated the function of OCT4B in human glioblastomas. Among the isoform of OCT4B, OCT4B-190 ($OCT4B^{19kDa}$) was highly expressed in human glioblastoma stem cells and glioblastoma cells and was mainly detected in the cytoplasm rather than the nucleus. Overexpression of $OCT4B^{19kDa}$ promoted colony formation of glioblastoma cells when grown in soft agar culture conditions. Clinical data analysis revealed that patients with gliomas that expressed OCT4B at high levels had a poorer prognosis than patients with gliomas that expressed OCT4B at low levels. Thus, $OCT4B^{19kDa}$ may play a crucial role in regulating cancer cell survival and adaption in a rigid environment.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.188-190
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• 2008

In east Asia, the leaves of various Sasa species have been used in folk medicine for centuries. The effects of the methanolic extract and its subsequent fractions derived from the leaves of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai on cell proliferation in human leukemia HL-60 cells were evaluated. The ethyl acetate fraction of this extract (ESQL) significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner ($0-250\;{\mu}g/mL$). ESQL ($IC_{50}=24.8\;{\mu}g/mL$) exhibited growth inhibition comparable to the main constituent of green tea, epigallocatechin ($IC_{50}=26.2\;{\mu}g/mL$), which was used as a positive control. ESQL treatment induced apoptosis, which was confirmed by the presence of nuclear condensation and annexin V-staining. These results demonstrate that ESQL contains chemopreventive phytochemicals that may be useful in neutraceutical applications.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.269-279
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between family violence exposure and school violence, to explore the mediating effects of family life satisfaction, school life satisfaction, and internalizing on those relationship and to suggest practical implications for social work services for those adolescents. 4,773 adolescents were selected for the questionnaire study in Gjwangju. Collected data were analysed by Structural Equation Modeling in AMOS 20.0 and SPSS 20.0. The findings of this study were as follows: First, there were significant correlations among family life satisfaction, school life satisfaction, internalizing and school violence offense with family violence exposure. Second, the structural model analysis revealed that family violence had no direct link with school violence. Third, Family violence had indirect effects on school violence, mediated by family life satisfaction, school life satisfaction and internalizing. Based on these findings, the research discussion reinforced the importance of family focused services to prevent the school violence and suggested effective intervention plan.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.999-1012
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine depression in adulthood caused by the influence of negative life events (disaster accident, physical violence and emotional abuse) in pre-adulthood and explore the mediator effect of interpersonal maladjustment. To carry out such task, 974 people who have had negative life event experiences before the age of 18 were chosen based on the data from the 2012 Korean General Social Survey(KGSS) and Stata 10.0 was used to do the analysis. As a result, it was found that there was a direct relationship between negative life events in pre-adulthood and depression in adulthood. Specifically, experiences from an accident or disaster had a direct impact on depression. Moreover, experiences of physical violence and emotional abuse not only had a direct influence on depression, but also through maladjustment, it had an indirectly partial mediator effect that increases the chances of depression. Through this result, it was evident that negative life events from pre-adulthood had a negative effect on continuous interpersonal maladjustment as well as psychological welfare throughout the adulthood. Therefore, there needs to be thorough prevention measures on negative life events in pre-adulthood and strongly take post treatment into consideration. Through building a safe life environment, great deal of social support from social organizations should be prepared systematically.