• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2002

A series of modified oligonucleotides containing a phosphorothioate (P=S) backbone and a six-membered azasugar (6-AZS) as a sugar substitute in a nucleotide were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit the human immunodeficiency virus type I(HIV-l) in vitro without the aid of any transfecting agents. While P=S oligonucleotides with natural nucleotides had little anti-HIV-l activity, the six-membered azasugar nucleotide (6-AZN)-containing P=S oligonucleotides (AZPSONs) potently inhibited the HIV-l/SHIV replication and syncytium formation (ECso = 0.02-0.2 /lM) without cytotoxicity up to 100 /lM. DBM-2198, the most effective in anti-HIV-l activity among the AZPSONs, consists of random sequence and five 6¬AZNs evenly distributed in 18 nucleotides. DBM-2198 showed strong antiviral activity against, not only laboratory strains, but also primary isolates and even drug-resistant strains of HIV-I. DBM-2198 was much more effective than ddI or ddC in its anti-HIV-l activity in vitro. Particularly noteworthy is that the anti-HIV-l activity of DBM-2198 was better than that of AZT with respect to its long-lasting efficacy after a single treatment. Nevertheless, the antiviral activity of the AZPSONs was very specific to HIV-I. Poliovirus, or even simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), was not inhibited by the AZPSONs. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that AZPSON can be used as a safe and effective AIDS-therapeutic drug against a broad spectrum of HIV -1 strains.

• RED RIBBON
• /
• s.72
• /
• pp.9-11
• /
• 2006

후천성 면역 결핍 증후군(AIDS, Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)과 사람 면역결핍 바이러스 (HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus)관련 질환은 1981년 처음 AIDS가 보고된 이래 전 세계적으로 인류의 건강을 위협하고 있는 공중보건학적 문제이다. 그동안 HIV/AIDS 관련 질환에 대한 치료들은 주로 감염 경로 차단 및 관련된 내과적 질환의 치료에 초점이 맞추어져 왔다. 그러나 AIDS 환자 본인뿐만 아니라 가족, 치료진들은 흔히 HIV 감염으로 인한 심리적인 어려움에서부터 HIV 전파 위험을 높이는 물질 오남용 문제, 우울증, 치매 같은 전형적인 정신과 질환 및 자살에 이르기 까지 다양한 종류의 정신건강 상의 문제들에 자주 직면한다. 이와 같은 신경정신과적 문제들은 치료 결과나 예후, 삶의 질 등에 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문에 환자의 가족들은 AIDS로 인한 정신과적 질환이나 현상들에 대해 잘 이해하고 적절하게 대처할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.63-76
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for developing a program for effective health education about AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) by investigating the knowledge and attitudes of middle and high school students about AIDS. The subjects were 476 middle school students and 658 high school students from Seoul and Kang Won province. The data were collected from November 19 to December 18. 1996. using a 56-item questionnaire. and analyzed by SAS program for t-test. x2-test. and pearson correlation coefficients. The results were as follows : 1. High school students had more knowledge than middle school students about AIDS. 2. Male. students from Seoul. and students who had drinking experience and smoking experience among middle school students. and male. students from Seoul. and students of non-coeducation among high school students were more knowledgeable about AIDS. 3. Misconceptions about the transmission of AIDS through non-intimate contact were especially common among middle school students. And a high proportion of middle and high school students knew very little about the symptoms of AIDS. 4. High school students had more positive attitudes toward AIDS than middle school students. 5. Students from Seoul and students who had smoking experience among middle school students. and students from Seoul and non-coeducation and students who had substance use experience among high school students were more positive attitudes about AIDS. 6. Most of the middle and high school students agreed that there is a need for AIDS education. 7. Middle and high school students reported that had learned about AIDS mostly from TV. Since students in the middle-school age group are especially at risk for developing AIDS­related behaviors. this study findings suggest that it is crucial to develop school-based AIDS education programs that help students acquire the knowledge and attitudes to adopt and maintain behaviors that reduce the risk of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection and other related health problems.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to review the literature of AIDS/HIV (acquired immune deficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus) and to introduce physical therapy of the AIDS client. It was first reported that five young homosexual men, in 1981 in Los Angeles, died of pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii - called "pest of twentieth century". AIDS was implied a fatal breakdown of the functioning of the normal human immune system. The major routes of transmission has occurred via l)sexual contact between men, 2)heterosexual intercourse, 3)contaminated blood and blood products, and 4)intrauterine or pre-natal infection from mothers. AIDS clients who may require physical therapy for a wide range of problems due to respiratory, neurological, musculoskeletal and painful syndromes as well as general decline in fitness and function. AIDS is growing rapidly in our contury as well as all over the world. Therefore, physical therapist has to correct his understandings of AIDS in order to protect himself and to give proper physical therapy to the AIDS clients.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.222-226
• /
• 2017

Background: Long-term ginseng intake can increase longevity in healthy individuals. Here, we examined if long-term treatment with Panax ginseng Meyer (Korean Red Ginseng, KRG) can also enhance survival duration (SD) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 252 HIV-1 patients diagnosed from 1986 to 2013 prior to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Overall, 162 patients were treated with KRG ($3,947{\pm}4,943g$) for $86{\pm}63$ mo. The effects of KRG on SD were analyzed according to the KRG intake level and the length of the follow-up period. Results: There were significant correlations between the total amount of KRG and SD in the KRG intake group (r = 0.64, p < 0.0001) as well as between total amount of KRG and mean annual decrease in $CD4^+$ T-cell count in all 252 patients (r = -0.17, p < 0.01). The annual decrease in $CD4^+$ T-cell count (change in $cells/{\mu}L$) was significantly slower in KRG-treated patients than in patients receiving no KRG ($48{\pm}40$ vs. $106{\pm}162$; p < 0.001). The SD (in months) was also significantly longer in the KRG group than in the no-KRG group ($101{\pm}64$ vs. $59{\pm}40$, p < 0.01). Conclusion: KRG prolongs survival in HIV-1 patients, possibly by slowing the decrease in $CD4^+$ T-cell count.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.815-822
• /
• 2001

The aim of this study is to estimate the seroconversion date of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection for the HIV infected patients in Korea. Data are collected from two cohorts. The first cohort is a group of "seroprevalent" patients who were seropositive and AIDS-free at entry. The other is a group of "seroincident" patients who were initially seronegative but later converted to HIV antibody-positive. The seroconversion dates of the seroincident cohort are available while those of the seroprevalent cohort are not. Estimation of seroconversion date is important because it can be used to calculate the incubation period of AIDS which is defined as the elapsed time between the HIV infection and the development of AIDS. In this paper, a Weibull regression model Is fitted for the seroincident cohort using information about the elapsed time since seroconversion and the CD4$^{+}$ cell count.The seroconversion dates for the seroprevalent cohort are imputed on the basis of the marker of maturity of HIV infection percent of CD4$^{+}$cell count.unt.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.235-254
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the general knowledge and attitude of physical therapist to patient with HIV/AIDS. Many physical therapists are afraid of AIDS patients because they have a little information of AIDS and fear of HIV infection from AIDS patients at work site. This study was carried out from June to October in 2003 for collecting data. The 271 physical therapists volunteered for a this study and completed questionnaires. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. 1)The knowledge of prevention of HIV/AIDS influences the attitude of physical therapists to patients with HIV/AIDS. 2)The knowledge of symptoms of HIV/AIDS influences the attitude of physical therapists to patients with HIV/AIDS. 3)The knowledge of transmission routes of HIV/AIDS influences the attitude of physical therapists to patients with HIV/AIDS. 4)84.9 percentage of participant in survey suggested college should have curriculum about HIV/AIDS. In conclusion, physical therapists with more knowledge of HIV/ADIS could positively treat HIV/AIDS patients.

• RED RIBBON
• /
• s.58
• /
• pp.16-19
• /
• 2004

에이즈는 HIV$^{human immunodeficiency virus}$라는 바이러스에 의해 유발되므로 에이즈를 치료하기 위해서는 HIV를 우리 몸속에서 박멸하여야 한다. 1987년 AZT가 최초로 FDA의 공인을 받은 이래로 현재까지 여러 가지 약제들이 에이즈 치료에 사용되고 있다. 아직까지 HIV를 박멸하여 에이즈를 완치할 수 있는 치료제는 개발되지 않고 있으나 에이즈 치료제를 3가지 이상 복용하는 강력한 항레트로바이러스 요법highly active antiretroviral therapy, HAART을 시행함으로써 손상된 면역 기능을 회복시키고 기회감염을 줄여 좋은 효과를 보인다. 에이즈 치료제는 크게 세가지로 나눌 수 있다. 첫째는 뉴클레오사이드 역전사효소 억제제이고 둘째는 비뉴클레오사이드 역전사효소 억제제, 셋째는 단백분해효소 억제제이다. 현재 우리나라에서 사용되는 에이즈 치료제에 대해 알아보도록 하자.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.413-416
• /
• 2009

Since the start of the antibiotic era, syphilis has become rare. However, in recent times, it has tended to be prevalent concomitantly with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and coinfection in North America and Europe. Now, such cases are expected to increase in elsewhere including Korea. A 40-year-old male patient visited hospital complaining of a headache for about one month. Brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, showed leptomeninged enhancing mass with edema an right porisylvian region, which was suspected to be glioma. Patient underwent a blood test and was diagnosed with syphilis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Partial cortical and subcortical resection were performed after small craniotomy. The dura was thick, adhered to the brain cortex, and was accompanied by hyperemic change of the cortex. The pathologic diagnosis was meningovascular syphilis (MS) in HIV infection. After the operation, the patient was treated with aqueous penicillin G. Thereafter, he had no neurological deficit except intermittent headache. At first, this case was suspected to be glioma, but it was eventually diagnosed as MS in HIV coinfection. At this point the case was judged to be worth reporting.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.238-247
• /
• 2023

Objectives: Low adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of virus transmission from mother to newborn. Increasing mothers' knowledge and motivation to access treatment has been identified as a critical factor in prevention. Therefore, this research aimed to explore barriers and enablers in accessing HIV care and treatment services. Methods: This research was the first phase of a mixed-method analysis conducted in Kupang, a remote city in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Samples were taken by purposive sampling of 17 people interviewed, consisting of 6 mothers with HIV, 5 peer facilitators, and 6 health workers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and document review. Inductive thematic analysis was also performed. The existing data were grouped into several themes, then relationships and linkages were drawn from each group of informants. Results: Barriers to accessing care and treatment were lack of knowledge about the benefits of ARV; stigma from within and the surrounding environment; difficulty in accessing services due to distance, time, and cost; completeness of administration; drugs' side effects; and the quality of health workers and HIV services. Conclusions: There was a need for a structured and integrated model of peer support to improve ARV uptake and treatment in pregnant women with HIV. This research identified needs including mini-counseling sessions designed to address psychosocial barriers as an integrated approach to support antenatal care that can effectively assist HIV-positive pregnant women in improving treatment adherence.