• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.677-684
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• 2016

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease which requires a risk-stratified approach for appropriate treatment. Specific chromosomal translocations within leukemic blasts are important prognostic factors that allow identification of relevant subgroups. In this study, we developed a multiplex RT-PCR assay for detection of the 4 most frequent translocations in ALL (BCR-ABL, TEL-AML1, MLL-AF4, and E2A-PBX1). Materials and Methods: A total of 214 diagnosed ALL samples from both adult and pediatric ALL and 14 cases of CML patients (154 bone marrow and 74 peripheral blood samples) were assessed for specific chromosomal translocations by cytogenetic and multiplex RT-PCR assays. Results: The results showed that 46 cases of ALL and CML (20.2%) contained the fusion transcripts. Within the positive ALL patients, the most prevalent cryptic translocation observed was mBCR-ABL (p190) at 8.41%. In addition, other genetic rearrangements detected by the multiplex PCR were 4.21% TEL-AML1 and 2.34% E2A-PBX1, whereas MLL-AF4 exhibited negative results in all tested samples. Moreover, MBCR-ABL was detected in all 14 CML samples. In 16 samples of normal karyotype ALL (n=9), ALL with no cytogentic result (n=4) and CML with no Philadelphia chromosome (n=3), fusion transcripts were detected. Conclusions: Multiplex RT-PCR provides a rapid, simple and highly sensitive method to detect fusion transcripts for prognostic and risk stratification of ALL and CML patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.102-105
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• 2016

Objective: The goal of this study was to compare the semen parameters of two successive samples obtained within an interval of less than 60 minutes from patients planning to undergo intrauterine insemination (IUI) whose first samples exhibited low semen quality. Methods: Thirty-two consecutive patients were enrolled in the study. On the day of IUI, the semen analysis of the samples initially presented by all patients met at least two of the following criteria: sperm concentration $<5{\times}10^6/mL$, total sperm count $<10{\times}10^6$, progressive sperm motility (a+b) in the native sample <30%, and total motile sperm count (TMSC) $<4{\times}10^6$. A successive semen sample was obtained no more than 60 minutes after the first sample. Results: Compared to the first sample, the second exhibited significantly (p<0.05) improved sperm concentration, TMSC, progressive motility, and vitality. Regarding TMSC, the most critical parameter on the day of IUI, 23 patients (71.8%) improved it, while nine (28.2%) displayed poorer outcomes. Conclusion: In defined cases, requesting a second successive ejaculate on the day of insemination may result in a high percentage of cases in an improvement of the quality of the sample.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2019

Background Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) have recently become widely used in breast reconstruction, but the correlation between the final expander volume and the surface area of the ADM is not well understood. In this study, the expansion of the surface area of ADM and the expander volume was studied retrospectively in cases of acellular dermis-assisted tissue expander breast reconstruction. Methods Twenty cases of immediate breast reconstruction using an ADM-assisted tissue expander from January 2015 to December 2015 were evaluated. In all 20 cases, CGCryoDerm was used as the matrix, with a thickness of 1-3 mm. No slit incisions were made. Finally, the proportional increase in the area of the fully expanded ADM was compared to that of the tissue expander volume. Results The proportional increase in the ADM surface area was calculated to be from 1.1 to 2.46, with a mean value of 1.7. Additionally, under the assumption that the expander had a spherical shape, the increase in its radius (the cube root of its volume) was assessed. The range of the proportional increase in the expander radius was 1.1 to 2.24, with a mean value of 1.66. The proportional increase in the radius of the expanded ADM surface area ranged from 1.04 to 1.34, with a mean ratio of 1.28. Conclusions The results of this study confirmed that the ADM expanded when the tissue expander was inflated. However, the ADM expanded to a lesser extent than the tissue expander, indicating that the muscle and other tissues expanded more than the ADM when the tissue expander was inflated.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2012

The world's first face transplantation was performed in France, in 2005. Since then, 21 cases of face transplantation have been performed. Face transplantation is one of the most prominent part of composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) along with hand transplantation. Since these fields are not deal with life-saving organs, there are many arguments about immunosuppression therapy. Recent paradigm of face transplantation shows that surgical ranges are expanded from partial face transplantation to full face transplantation. Most immunosuppression protocols are triple therapy, which consists of tacrolimus (FK-506), mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone. Anatomical researches, immunosuppression, and immunotolerance take great parts in the researches of CTA. The medical fields directly related to face transplantation are microsurgery, immunology, and transplantation. Nowadays, each field is performed widely. Therefore people, even medical teams think face transplantation could be easily realized, sooner or later. But there are lots of things that should be prepared for not only practice and immunosuppression therapy but also for the cooperation with relevant fields. That's the reason why only 21 cases of face transplantation have been done, while more than 70 cases of hand transplantation have been done in the past years. Especially in Korea, brain death patients are not enough even for organ transplantation and furthermore there are some troubles in taking part in the society of transplantation. Face transplantation has lots of problems concerning variable medical fields, administration, society, ethics, and laws. Therefore, for the realization of face transplantation in Korea, not only medical skills but also political powers are needed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.3460-3463
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• 2021

Present computing power and enhanced technology is progressing at a dramatic rate. These systems can unravel complex issues, assess and control processes, learn, and-in many cases-fully automate production. There is no doubt that technological advancement is improving many aspects of life, changing the landscape of virtually all industries and enhancing production beyond what was thought possible. However, the human is still a part of these systems. Consequently, as the advancement of systems transpires, the role of humans within those systems will unavoidably continue to adapt as well. Due to the human tendency for error, this technological advancement should compel a persistent emphasis on human error reduction as part of maximizing system efficiency and safety-especially in the context of the nuclear industry. Within this context, as new systems are designed and the role of the human is transformed, human error should be targeted for a significant decrease relative to predecessor systems and an equivalent increase in system stability and safety. This article contends that optimizing the roles of humans and machines in the design and implementation of new types of automation in nuclear facility systems should involve human error reduction without ignoring the essential importance of human interaction within those systems.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.317-340
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• 1993

This study was designed 1) to compare the distributions of periapical inflammatory cells and 2) to identify lymphocytes and compare the lymphocyte distribution with T lymphocyte subpopulation and then 3) to examine the distribution of cycling cell in human dental periapical lesions. From each of the twenty-five human dental periapical lesions observed one small portion was fixed, embeded in paraffin, sectioned serially and stained with HE. The periapical inflammatory cells were counted to obtain the relative concentration of lymphocyte, plasma cell, macrophage and neutrophil. The large part of each lesion was analysed using Flow cytometer and monoclonal antibodies to obtain the relative concentration of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, T'helper cell and T suppressor/cytotoxic cell. In addition to that, seven human dental periapical lesions were examined with DNA analysis to observe the distribution of cycling cell. Following results were obtained: 1. 24 cases of the 32 periapical lesions examined were diagnosed as periapical granuloma and the remaining 8 cases as periapical cyst. Lymphocytes comprised 42.1% of total inflammatory cells in periapical granuloma and 41.8% in periapical cyst. Corresponding percentages for macrophages were 33.8% and 30.3%; for plasma cells, 15.9% and 19.0%; for neutrophils, 8.2% and 8.8%. 2. All of the periapical lesions examined had T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, T helper cell, T suppressor/cytotoxic cell. And in all cases, T lymphocytes were observed predominantly more than B lymphocytes. 3. In 2 cases of the control group only T lymphocytes were found, and in the remaining 2 cases T lymphocytes were observed predominantly. 4. T helper cells were observed predominantly more than T suppressor/cytotoxic cells in all cases of perapical granulomas. 5. T suppressor/cytotoxic cells were observed predominantly more than T helper cells in 4 cases of periapical cysts (total 5 cases were examined) and only in one case T helper cells were more than T suppressor/cytotoxic cells. 6. In control group, T helper cells were predominant in 2 cases and T helper cells were equivalent to T suppressor/cytotoxic cells in one case. In remaining one case T suppressor/cytotoxic cells were predominant. 7. As the result of DNA analysis, the average proliferating indices of the various groups examined were measured as follows: in the control group 5.45%, in periapical granuloma 6.64%, in periapical cyst 10.1%. The highest index was observed in periapical cyst.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.246-256
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• 1983

폐흡충증의 유행정도를 측정하는 데 사용하여 온 피내반응과 충란검사가 각각 특이도와 민감도에 문제를 갖고 있어 주민 중 현증 환자를 적절히 찾았다고 하기가 어렵게 되어가고 있다. 이러한 점을 개선하는 방법으로 폐흡충 특이 IgG항체를 검사함으로써 항체양성자의 수를 현증 환자의 수로 하는 방법을 폐흡충증 역학조사에 응용하고자 하였다. 이 연구에서는 특이항체를 면역효소진단법으로 측정하였을 때 그 효용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 전라남도 해남군 북평면과 북일면의 6개 국민학교, 2개 중학교, 1개 고등학교 학생과 2개 부락 주민 등 모두 4,285명을 우선 피내 반응으로 검사하고 폐흡충 피내반응 양성자에서 가래 검사를 한번 실시하였고 혈청을 채취하여 면역효소진단법으로 폐흡충 특이 IgG항체를 측정하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 총 대상자 4,285명 중 폐홉충 피내반응 양성자는 244명 (5.7%)이었고, 피내반응 양성자 중 충란 양성자는 7명 (4.2%), 면역효소진단법에 의한 특이 IgG항체 양성자는 40명 (16.7%)이었다. 전체 조사 대상자에 대한 충란 양성자의 비율은 0. 16%, 특이 IgG항체 양성자는 0.93%에 해당하였다. 2. 폐흡충 특이 IgG항체 양성자는 충란 양성자에서는 100%, 폐흡충 피내 반응은 양성이나 충란검사 음성자에서는 14.2%에서 나타났으나, 간흡충 피내반응 양성자 또는 피내반응 음성 자에서는 나타나지 않았다. 3. 폐흡충 특이 IgG항체 양성자는 피내반응 구진의 크기 9mrn이하에서는 없었고, 10mm에서는 5.5%, 11∼12mm에서는 26.1% 및 18.2%, 13mm이상에서는 평균 42.4%에서 양성이었다. 4. 특이항체 양성자 31명을 임상적으로 조사한 바 검사소건(흉부 X-선, 충란검사 및 호산구 비율)에서 폐흡충증에 합치하는 이상소견이 24례에서 나타나 현증 폐홉충증 환자로 생각할 수 있었고, 나머지 7례중 3례는 폐흡충증의 과거력이나 쳔증 증상을 갖고 있었으며 4례에서는 특이항체 양성소견 이외에는 어느 검사로도 폐흡충증임을 증명할 수가 없었다. 5. 폐홉충 특이 IgG항체 양성자 수의 피내반응 양성자 수에 대한 비율은 연령별로 7∼9세에서는 16.6%, 10∼14세에서 25.4%, 15w18세 군에서는 18.3%이었고 20세 이상에서는 10.0%로 떨어지고 있었다. 6. 체홉충 특이 IgG항체 양성자는 북평면의 산골 마을에서 주로 나타나고 있었다. 이상과 같은 결과에서 면역효소 진단법에 의하여 폐흡충 특이 IgG항체 양성자를 조사함으로써 어느 지역의 폐흡충중 현증 환자를 피내 반응이나 충란 검사보다도 더 사실에 가깝게 측정할 수 있다고 생각하였다. (이 연구를 수행하는데 현지조사를 직접 간접으로 도와 주신 해남군 보건소 민 경 소장님과 김용팔 주사, 북평면 면사무소 직원여러분과 해남군 교육청, 각급학교 교직원 여러분께 감사드립니다. 환자의 흉부 X-선 사진을 판독하여 주신 중앙의대 부속 성심병원 방사선과 과장 정전상 부교수께 도 감사드립니다. )

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2007

Purpose: The ischial area is by far the most common site of pressure sores found in wheel chair bound paraplegic patients, because greatest pressure is exerted from the body on this area in a sitting position. Even after a series of successful pressure sore treatments, the site is very prone to relapse by the simplest ordinary tasks of everyday life. Therefore, it is crucial to preserve the main pedicle during primary surgery. Various surgical procedures employed to treat pressure sores such as myocutaneous flap and perforator flap have been introduced. After introduction of ischial sore treatment using the inferior gluteal artery perforator (IGAP) has been made, the authors experienced favorable clinical results of patients who have undergone IGAP flap procedure in a three year time period. Methods: A total of 17 patients received IGAP flap surgery in our hospital from January 2003 to May 2006, among which 14 of them being males and 3 females. Surgery was performed on the same site again in 6(35%) patients who had originally relapsed after receiving the conventional method of pressure sore surgery. Patients' average age was 49.4(27-71) years old. Most of the patients were paraplegic(11 cases, 65%) and others were either quadriplegic(4 cases, 23%) or ambulatory(2 cases, 12%). Based on hospital records and clinical photographs, we have attempted to assess the feasibility and practicability of the IGAP flap procedure through comparative analysis of several parameters: size of defective area, treatment modalities, occurrence of relapses, complications, and postoperative treatments. Results: The average follow-up duration of 17 subjects was 25.4 months(5-42 months). All flaps survived without any necrosis. Six cases were relapsed cases from conventional surgical procedures. All of them healed well during our follow-up study. Postoperative complications such as wound dehiscence and fistula developed in some subjects, but all were well healed through secondary treatment. A total of 2 cases relapsed after surgery. Conclusion: The inferior gluteal artery perforator flap is an effective method that can be primarily applied in replacement to the conventional ischial pressure sore reconstructive surgery owing to its many advantages: ability to preserve peripheral muscle tissue, numerous possible flap designs, relatively good durability, and the low donor site morbidity rate.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 1976

Effect of Electro Convulsion Therapy (ECT) on the Human Growth Hormone (HGH) response was observed in 32 cases of various mental illness. The patients were fasting overnight and ECT was induced in the morning by application of $90{\sim}120V$ for a period of $0.1{\sim}0.5\;sec$. In all patients, venous blood samples were taken prior to simultaneously with 1 and 4 hours after the ECT. Plasma was immediately seperated and stored in $-20^{\circ}C$ refrigerator. HGH concentrantion was determined by means of radioimmunoassay Results were as follows: 1. Application of electric current was not followed by a significant change in mean plasma HGH of 52 cases. 2 Increases of plasma HGH following ECT were observed in about half cases showing low initial level but in 20 other cases with high initial level of plasma HGH, reasonable decreases after therapy were not found. 3. Plasma concentration of HGH one hour after application of current were always higher than just after the current. 4. There were no differences between HGH responses to a 1st, 2nd or 5th ECT. 5. Discussions were made on the possible modification of HGH response following ECT by the autoregulatory control mechanism.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1120-1138
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• 2020

This study focused on the increasing fashion industry disputes that have resulted from the development of technology and industry. This study examines the improvement of domestic law, along with U.S. precedents that represents a larger fashion market and more legislative cases than Korea. Analyzing previous studies in Korea and the U.S. for theoretical background, it has uncovered limitations that apply to fashion design-related cases, rather than entire lawsuits involving various fashion industries. This study divided litigation into lawsuits involving products, human resources, and other lawsuits (such as incidents such as breach of contract, and portrait rights). Therefore, most lawsuits are related to products because of false socio-cultural perceptions about design imitation in the fashion industry. Lawsuits related to human resources are expected to arise due to the expansion of the Korean fashion industry and the expansion of overseas markets. Finally, new and unexpected conflicts will arise as the environment and social structure diversify. The importance of this study is that real case analysis can help reduce disputes because it can resolve legal instability due to the ambiguity of the interpretation of current law and suggest implications for dispute resolution.