• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.161-166
• /
• 2009

Human erythropoietin(EPO) is a glycoprotein that enhances red blood cell production by stimulating proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) suffer from anemia caused by reduced production of EPO in the kidney. Recombinant human EPO protein has been used successfully for the treatment of anemia associated with CKD. Recently, attention has been paid to the development of side effect of EPO, pure red cell aplasia(PRCA), in some patients with CKD. PRCA is a rare disorder of erythropoiesis that leads to a severe anemia due to an almost complete cessation of red blood cell production. EPO-related PRCA is caused by the production of EPO-neutralizing antibodies(Abs) that eliminate the biological activity of EPO as well as endogenous EPO in patients undergoing therapy. Since 1988, almost 200 cases worldwide have been reported with Ab-positive PRCA after receiving EPO therapeutics. The underlying mechanisms of the breaking of immune tolerance to self-EPO have been investigated. Modification of formulation, organic compounds of container closures, and route of administration has been suggested for the possible mechanism of increased immunogenicity of EPO. A number of assays have been used to detect Abs specific to EPO. These assays are generally grouped into two major categories: binding Ab assays and neutralizing Ab assays(bioassays). There are several types of binding Ab assays, including radioimmunoprecipitation assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the BIAcore biosensor assay. In vitro cell-based bioassays have been utilized for the detection of neutralizing Abs. Finally, the recent experience with anti-EPO Abs may have considerable implications for the future development and approval of EPO preparations. Also, considering that millions of patients are being treated with EPO, clinicians need to be aware of signs and consequences of this rare but severe clinical case.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.2799-2806
• /
• 2012

The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the integrin-linked kinase (ILK) gene in development of human bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC). Expression of ILK protein and ILK mRNA in 56 cases of human BTCC tissue and in 30 cases of adjacent normal bladder tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry S-P and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Four specific miRNA RNAi vectors targeting human ILK were synthesized and transfected into BIU-87 cells by liposome to obtain stable expression cell strains. The influence of ILK on proliferation of BTCC was detected by MTT, FCM on athymic mouse tumorigenesis. The positive rate of ILK protein in BTCC tissue (53.6%) was much higher than adjacent normal bladder tissue (10.0%) (p<0.05). Similarly, expression of ILK mRNA in BTCC tissue ($0.540{\pm}0.083$) was significantly higher than in adjacent normal bladder tissue ($0.492{\pm}0.070$) (p<0.05). MTT showed that the proliferation ability of miRNA-ILK transfected group was clearly decreased (p<0.05), the cell cycle being arrested in G0/G1-S, an tumorigenesis in vivo was also significantly reduced (p<0.05). ILK gene transcription and protein expression may be involved in the development of BTCC, so that ILK might be the new marker for early diagnosis and the new target for gene treatment.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 2018

Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a critical role in the development of cervical carcinoma. This study analyzed the efficiency of multiplex real-time PCR in detecting and identifying HPV genotypes in samples from women who visited a Korean hospital for checkups. Cervical swab specimens were obtained from women who attended a checkup at the Health Improvement Center of Hospital in Dankook University Cheonan, South Korea and were referred for an HPV genotyping test between January and September 2014. A total of 1703 cervical swab specimens were collected consecutively during this period. PCR results were compared with those of the traditional cytological assay for the same population. Among the 1,703 specimens, 19.91% were HPV positive, of which 14.50% indicated a single infection and 5.40% indicated multiple infections. However, cytology identified only 2.52% of positive cases, including 1.23% cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 1% of low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion, and 0.29% of high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion. The rate of high-risk and low-risk HPV in the abnormal cytology group was 48 and 23, respectively, and 274 and 136 in the normal group, respectively. HPV types 56, 52, 43 were the most prevalent in that order. Our results confirm the efficiency of the HPV DNA assay for the detection of 28 different HPV genotypes with reasonable sensitivity. A screening strategy that comprises the HPV DNA assay and cytology would help overcome the low sensitivity of a cytological diagnosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권14호
• /
• pp.5675-5679
• /
• 2015

Background: Low-risk human papillomavirus (LR-HPV) infection is the main cause of genital warts. LRHPV genotypes 6 and 11 are associated with genital warts, but there have only been a few published studies about the genotype-specific prevalence of HPV in genital warts in China. The objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of HPV genotypes for clinical cases involving both men and women and to evaluate the potential benefit of a quadrivalent (genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18) HPV vaccine in eastern Guangdong province of China. Materials and Methods: A total of 696 eligible patients with genital warts were enrolled during the period Aug 2009 through Oct 2014. Specimens were collected from genital warts, the HPV GenoArray test was used for HPV detection and genotyping, which could detect 21 HPV genotypes, including genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18. Results: Among the 696 cases, 675 samples were successfully genotyped. The median age of patients was 32.1 years (range, 16-67 years). The most prevalent genotypes were HPV-6 (285/675, 42.2%), HPV-11 (265/675, 39.3%), HPV-52 (52/675, 7.7%), HPV-16 (51/675, 7.56%), HPV-81 (50/675, 7.40%) and HPV-58 (37/675, 5.48%). Low-risk genotypes predominated, with a prevalence of 96.59%. The cumulative prevalence of genotypes 6 and 11 was 78.7% (531/675), the cumulative prevalence of genotypes 16 and 18 was 11.6% (78/675), and the cumulative prevalence of genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18 was 82.5% (557/675). Conclusions: Our results provide strong evidence that, in eastern Guangdong, different from Western countries, the most prevalent low risk HPV genotypes in patients with genital warts are 6, 11 and 81. The quadrivalent HPV vaccine could prevent 82.5% of genital warts in eastern Guangdong.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.227-233
• /
• 2013

Scientific evidence shows that ambient air quality is one of the major environmental issues related to human health. The aim of this paper was to provide quantitative data on the short-term impact of air pollution on the mortality and morbidity of people living in Suwon city. There are some studies that have conducted health impacts of the air pollution in Seoul, Korea. However, there are few studies of the health effects on air pollution conducted in satellite cities of the Seoul Metropolitan area. For this reason, we investigated the health effects of air pollution in Suwon city, one of the highly populated satellite cities of Seoul. In order to estimate the short-term mortality impact of air pollution, this study applied the approach suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO), using AirQ2.2.3 software. Daily concentrations of $PM_{10}$, $O_3$, $NO_2$, and $SO_2$ were used to assess human exposure and health effects, in terms of attributable proportion of the health outcome, annual number of excess cases of mortality for all causes, and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Among the four considered air pollutants, $PM_{10}$ had the highest health impact on the 1,118,000 inhabitants of Suwon city, causing an excess of total mortality of 105 out of 4,254 in a year. Sulfur dioxide had the least health impact. Ozone and nitrogen dioxide each caused 42.7 and 81.3 excess cases of total mortality in a year. The results are also in line with those of other international studies that apply AirQ software.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.214-220
• /
• 1985

극구흡충류(echinostomes)의 하나인 Echinochassnus iaponicus 성충이 1984년 4월 인체로부터 회수되어 이 홉충에 의한 자연 인체감염이 처음으로 증명되었다. 환자는 요꼬가와흡충 유행지로 알려진 절남 탐진강 유역 강진군에 거주하는 33~55세 남자 3명과 62세 여자 1명, 도합 4명으로 이들을 10mg/kg praziquantel로 치료하고 하제를 사용한 후 설사변에 배출된 모든 흡충 및 조충을 수집하였다. 충체 수집결과 많은 수의 요꼬가와흡충이 배출된 것이 확인되었으나 이들과 함께 1~4 종류의 다른 흡충 또는 조충이 발견되었고 특히 E. japonicus 1~43마리 (총 54마리)가 검출되었다. 환자들은 이들 장내 윤충류의 복합감염으로 소화불량, 복부불쾌감 등 위장관 증상을 호소하였고 강 유역에서 각종 잉어숴 어류나 은어를 잡아 생식해온 경력이 있었다. 이들 극구흠충은 길이 0.66~0.99mm이었고, 두관 주위의 두극이 총 담개로 구흡반 배측에시 연결이 끊어져 있었고, 자궁내 충란수가 2개 이내인 점, 충란의 크기가 $76~87{\mu\textrm{m}}$(길이)인 점 등으로 Echinochasmus iaponicus Tanabe, 1926으로 동정되었다.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.213-224
• /
• 2012

창작과정은 인간의 총체적 경험을 담고 있는 기억으로부터 출발한다. 오늘날 디지털 기술의 발달로 인해 인간의 전유물로 여겨졌던 창작과정을 모방한 디지털 서사 창작도구의 개발이 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문은 CBR 모델을 통해 인간의 장기기억이 창작에 개입하는 과정을 모방하고자 한 두 서사 창작도구인 <민스트럴>과 <스토리헬퍼>를 비교분석하였다. <민스트럴>은 인물의 목표를 사례의 구축과 도출, 재사용의 중심에 두고 개연성 있는 이야기의 생성을 시도하였다. 한편 <스토리헬퍼>는 위반성을 지닌 모티프를 사례의 구축과 도출, 재사용의 중심에 둠으로써 이야기에 잠재해있는 우발성의 부각하고, 이를 통해 작가의 창작 발상을 지원하고자 하였다. 향후에는 다양한 서사물의 창작에 디지털 매체의 활용의 가속화될 전망이다. 이 같은 전망 속에서 본 연구가 앞으로의 서사 창작 지원도구 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대해본다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제40권6호
• /
• pp.967-978
• /
• 2016

This study examines consumers' multi-channel choices in the search phase and purchasing phase stage according to price sensitivity and product characteristics in order to propose a multichannel strategy. For the research, one-way ANOVA, t-test, clustering analysis, and crosstabs are used for the descriptive analysis of 317 surveys on men and women conducted in 2014. The findings are as follows. First, consumers that both experience goods and search goods rely on surrounding advice as well as a search channel regardless of price sensitivity. Second, channel selection differs by price sensitivity when it comes to purchasing phase. Consumers with high price sensitivity tend to purchase from online channels; however, consumers with low price sensitivity tend to purchase from off line channels in cases of search goods. Meanwhile, cases of experience goods have no meaningful result. Third, consumers are divided into 3 groups by the tendency of channel selection. In case of experience goods, search channel choice is aligned with purchasing channel; however, search channel choice is not aligned with purchasing channel in search goods. This study provides clear information on fashion consumers' behavior on multi-channel choices compared to ones for search goods consumers on strategic strategies for fashion companies.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.621-626
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Implant-based breast reconstruction has multiple advantages such as decreased morbidity, shorter operative time and faster recovery. However, postoperative infection with tissue expander increases medical cost and causes a delay in concurrent antineoplastic treatment. To reduce tissue expander infection, it is important to identify related risk factors and minimize them when possible. Methods: A retrospective review of patient records in a single breast cancer center was performed. Eighty-six tissue expanders were placed in 80 women for postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Variables including patients'age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative breast volume, operation time, drain indwelling time, postoperative seroma/hematoma formation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy were evaluated. Infection was defined as the status that shows any symptom of local inflammation and identification of pathogens. Representative values were compared through Student's t-test and univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: We examined 86 postmastectomy tissueexpanders which were placed between June 2004 and April 2010. Seven cases of tissue expander infection (8.1%) were identified. The infected tissue expander was removed in three of the cases. The relationship between BMI, and preoperative breast volume and that between infection and non-infection groups were significant ($p$ <0.05). Univariate analysis showed significant association between BMI ($p$=0.023) and preoperative breast volume ($p$=0.037). Multivariate analysis revealed that BMI and preoperative breast volume were independent variables regarding tissue expander infection. Conclusion: Certain characteristics of implant-based breast reconstruction patients increase infection rate of tissue expander. These risk factors should be monitored and evaluated before surgeries for more successful outcome.

• 보건의료산업학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.77-89
• /
• 2011

This study conducted a secondary analysis by using original data of performed by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs to know factors affecting determinants of health using Lalonde model for the adults aged over 19 years living in Korea. The survey was conducted in 2009 and it evaluated finally 5,867 cases by excluding cases with no answer or a wrong answer. This study model adopted two categories of instrument measure health were objective (Average remaining lifetime) and subjective(EQ-5D) health status. The health determinants included in this study could be divided in to four categories, which were human biology, environment, lifestyle, and health care organization. The results were as follows. In the factors affecting average remaining lifetime, human biology were sex, ages, BMI, showed statistically significant difference, environment category were merry status, education showed statistically significant difference, lifestyle category were exercise, drunks showed statistically significant difference and health care organization category were vaccination, health screening showed statistically significant difference. In the factors affecting EQ-5D, human biology category and health care organization category showed with same average remaining lifetime, environment category were merry status, education, income showed statistically significant difference and lifestyle category were exercise, drunks, stress showed statistically significant difference. The results demonstrated that the best powerful factor was life style category and environment category, the least factor was health care organization category. So lifestyle style and environment category should be considered for the future health plan, budget allocation and the priority in the health care.