• Title/Summary/Keyword: household wastes

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Material Balance and Properties of Compost during Composting of Household Food Wastes Blended with Waste Newspapers (신문지 첨가에 의한 음식쓰레기 퇴비화 과정 중 물질수지 및 퇴비의 성분)

  • Han, Jong-Phil;Park, Ju-Won;Seo, Jeoung-Yoon
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.51-57
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    • 2000
  • Waste newspapers was used as an amendment to adjust the moisture of household food wastes for composting. The mixture of household food wastes and waste newspapers was composted in an especially designed small home composter, where the early fed composting materials were discharged early. The temperature inside composting materials was influenced very much by that of outside, because the composter was not insulated. Accordingly, the higher the outside temperature was, the higher the decomposition rate was. The temperature inside composting materials did not reach to optimum, because the amount of composting materials added in the composter everyday was too little, and it caused too high water content of discharged compost after 15 weeks. Therefore, it was required that the composter must be insulated to maintain the higher temperature. The inorganic compounds$(K_2O,\;CaO,\;MgO,\;P_2O_5)$ and heavy metals(Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Hg, As) were accumulated obviously in produced compost, when dry recycled compost was reused as the amendment for adjusting the moisture.

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A Study on Physical Characteristics and Plastics Recycling of Used Small Household Appliances (폐소형가전의 물리적 성상 분석 및 플라스틱 재활용에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Woo Zin;Park, Eun Kyu;Kang, Seok Hwan;Jung, Bam Bit;Kim, Soo Kyung
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 2016
  • Small household appliances such as electric rice cooker, a vacuum cleaner, an electric fan, etc. are diverse and complex due to the materials and components and waste streams from the manufacturing processes. In the present study, physical characterization of small e-wastes was analyzed on major items including electric rice cooker after manual dismantling. Small household appliances is an important potential source of waste plastic, however, recycling plastics from small e-waste is still unusual. The present communication gives results of separation processes on black plastics and the limitations of these sorting processes in used small household appliances.

Thermophilic Anaerobic Biodegradability of Agro-industrial Biomass (농축산바이오매스 고온 혐기성 생분해도 평가)

  • Heo, Namhyo;Kang, Ho;Lee, Seungheon
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2010.11a
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    • pp.101-101
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    • 2010
  • Anaerobic digestion(AD) is the most promising method for treating and recycling of different organic wastes, such as organic fraction of municipal solid waste, household wastes, animal manure, agro-industrial wastes, industrial organic wastes and sewage sludge. During AD, i.e. organic materials are decomposed by anaerobic forming bacteria and fina1ly converted to excellent fertilizer and biogas which is a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane. AD has been one of the leading technologies that can make a large contribution to produce renewable energy and to reduce $CO_2$ and other green-house gas(GHG) emission, it is becoming a key method for both waste treatment and recovery of a renewable fuel and other valuable co-products. Currently some 80% of the world's overall energy supply of about 400 EJ per year in derived from fossil fuels. Nevertheless roughly 10~15% of this demand is covered by biomass resources, making biomass by far the most important renewable energy source used to date. The representative biofuels produced from the biomass are bioethanol, biodiesel and biogas, and currently biogas plays a smaller than other biofuels but steadily growing role. Traditionally anaerobic digestion applied for different biowaste e.g. sewage sludge, manure, other organic wastes treatment and stabilization, biogas has become a well established energy resource. However, the biowaste are fairly limited in respect to the production and utilization as renewable source, but the plant biomass, the so called "energy crops" are used for more biogas production in EU countries and the investigation on the biomethane potential of different crops and plant materials have been carried out. In Korea, with steadily increasing oil prices and improved environmental regulations, since 2005 anaerobic digestion was again stimulated, especially on the biogasification of different biowastes and agro-industrial biomass including "energy crops". This study have been carried out to investigate anaerobic biodegradability by the biochemical methane potential(BMP) test of animal manures, different forage crops i.e. "energy crops", plant and industrial organic wastes in the condition of thermophilic temperature, The biodegradability of animal manure were 63.2% and 58.2% with $315m^3CH_4/tonVS$ of cattle slurry and $370m^3CH_4/tonVS$ of pig slurry in ultimate methane yields. Those of winter forage crops were the range 75% to 87% with ultimate methane yield of $378m^3CH_4/tonVS$ to $450m^3CH_4/tonVS$ and those of summer forage crops were the range 81% to 85% with ultimate methane yield of $392m^3CH_4/tonVS$ to $415m^3CH_4/tonVS$. The forge crops as "energy crops" could be used as good renewable energy source to increase methane production and to improve biodegradability in co-digestion with animal manure or only energy crop digestion.

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Study for Plans to Reduce Restaurant Food Waste at Source Based on an Example of Reduction Operation -Y-city's Reform Team of Reduction- (레스토랑 음식물 쓰레기 감량 방안에 관한 연구 -Y시티 저감 활동 프로그램을 중심으로-)

  • Na, Young-Sun;Seo, Min-Suk
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.11 no.3 s.26
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    • pp.121-137
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    • 2005
  • Today's rapid industrialization and population concentration in cities lead to a vast economic growth, and consequently, people's increased desire of spending demands abundant and diverse food. As a result in Korea, annual food waste is 4.1 million tons (24.6% of household waste) and daily food waste amount to 11,397 tons which is equivalent to 1,400 loads of 8-ton truck. It is best to recycle toed waste as manure, forage, and fuel than reclamation but separate collection of food waste is very difficult by reason of water content. So only a little portion of food waste from large-scaled restaurants and cafeterias that handle food waste relatively well. requirement for recycling food wastes into forage and manure needless to say, reduction activity is best way. Therefore, large-scaled restaurants and cafeterias need to seek plans to minimize food resource waste thus reducing the cost and waste processing cost by implementing appropriate reduction program.

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Solid Waste Generation and Household Recycling of Solid Wastes Under An Incenitve Pricing Option (쓰레기종량제(從量制) 하(下)에서의 쓰레기발생(發生)과 쓰레기분리수거(分離收去))

  • Hong, Seong-Hun
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.259-274
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    • 1997
  • 본 논문은 쓰레기종량제 하에서 가격유인책 및 다른 사회 경제적 변수가 가정의 쓰레기발생과 재활용품배출에 미치는 효과를 분석하고 있다. 개별 가정설문자료를 이용하여 가정의 쓰레기발생과 재활용품배출에 대한 구조적 방정식을 3단계 최소자승법으로 추정하였다. 추정결과 가계소득과 가족 수는 쓰레기발생량에 정의 관계로 영향을 미치며, 재활용품배출량은 가정주부의 시간가치와는 역의 관계를 가지고 교육수준과는 정의 관계를 보이고 있다. 쓰레기봉투가격의 인상은 쓰레기발생량에는 영향을 주지 않고 재활용품배출량의 증가를 통해 쓰레기수거서비스에 대한 수요를 감소시키는 것으로 나타난다. 가정에서 분리수거를 통해 재활용할 수 있는 잠재적 재활용가능량은 정부의 재활용품목의 지정 및 재활용기술에 의해 제한되기 때문에 쓰레기가격의 대폭적 인상을 통해 쓰레기수거서비스의 감소를 유도하는 것은 한계가 있는 것으로 보인다.

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The Technical Trends in the Detergent Industry and Prospects (최근 세제 산업의 기술동향 및 전망)

  • Kang, Yun-Seog
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.15-26
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    • 1997
  • There were a dramatic change in technical aspect in Korean detergent industry for past 5${\sim}$6 years. we, detergent industries, have been trying to find out a new way of production and better goods on environment as well as men to decrease domestic wastes and water pollution. In addition, increasing expense for transportation, storage and displaying give us another difficulties. Compact detergents are best method to solve this problems. Detergent ingredients, formulations and process were concentrated to the development of compact detergents. Now, I'll introduce about the recent trends in technical aspect and near future's prospects in Korean detergent industry.

The Engineering Characteristics of the Sludge Mixed Soil (슬러지 혼합토의 공학적 특성)

  • Kim, JungUn;Kim, MyeongKyun;Bae, WooSeok
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.43-50
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    • 2011
  • As a result of population growth and economic growth, household and industrial wastes continue to rapidly increase every year. Especially, sewage sludge produced at final stage is increasing with the constant construction and putting in good order of the sewage plant. In addition to the government's prohibition for filling up the sludge, it became more and more difficult to discharge wastes to the sea as London Dumping Convention '96 came into effect. And sewage sludge and the livestock wastes are expected to be thoroughly prohibited from discharging to the sea from 2012. So we need desperately economical and useful alternatives to compact and reuse these wastes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utilization of solidified sludge-soil mixture as an enhancement and covering material. To determine the proper mixed ratio of solidified sludge, this study conducted basic physical properties tests, compaction tests, uniaxial compression tests, and permeability test. It was found that the higher the ratio of solidified sludge, the lower the coefficient of permeability. Upon the results of particle size distribution, the mixed ratio of solidified sludge that meet the enhancement material condition was 59% or lower for SP granite soil and 48% or lower for SM granite soil respectively.

A Study on The Residential Environment and Landscape Improvement in Rural area : Focused on the Actual Condition of rural household's garbages and farming wastes (농촌지역 주거환경 및 경관개선을 위한 기초적 연구 : 농촌 생활쓰레기 및 농업폐기물 처리 실태에 관한 고찰)

  • Han, Ju-Heon;Kim, Ji-young;Kim, Tae-Ik;Park, kwang-Bum
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.151-159
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    • 2020
  • This study examined the environment and landscape aspects of rural villages, which are based on agriculture, to regenerate a disappearing rural village. The lifestyle and living conditions in this area were examined and the field survey of this area was carried out. The main negative factors at the rural landscape and living environment, such as rural households garbage, compost piles, and farming wastes, were found. An improvement plan of the landscape in this area was then determined. The disposal conditions according to the garbage types were analyzed through a survey with the residents directly. Through this survey, the current negative factors in landscape were checked and various improvement methods were assessed. Based on this, an institutional framework about landscape improvement of a village was developed, and a fundamental resource that can improve the environment of rural communities by this system is suggested.

A Study on the RDF fuel mixing with household and organic wastes (생활(生活)쓰레기 및 유기성폐기물(有機性廢棄物) 혼합(混合)에 따른 RDF 연료화(燃料化)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Ha, Sang-An;You, Mi-Young;Kim, Dong-Kyun;Wang, Jei-Pil
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.52-57
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to examine the possibilities to utilize the mixture of domestic and organic wastes from B-city as a fuel. All types of mixing ratio for uncarried waste, sludge cake, and food waste were found 10 generate heating value with 6,000 kcal/kg, and in case of sludge cake the concentration of toxic substance produced was found to be decreased as air-fuel ratio and temperature were increased. It was noted that toxic gases such as CO, NOx, and SOx were observed below concentration of emission standard, and temperature inside the incinerator was stabilized at 2 of air-fuel ratio and 800$^{\circ}C$. It was observed that a heating value of 6000 kcal/kg generated using RDF(Refuse Derived Fuel) was appropriate to utilize a fuel if a complete combustion was attained.

A Model Study on Development of Animal Wastes Treatment System for a Full-time Farm Household Raising Livestock (전업양축농가의 축분뇨처리시스템 개발을 위한 모형실험)

  • 최홍림;김현태;정영륜
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.16-26
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    • 1993
  • A sundry system is one of popular systems for composting livestock manure, of which main honest is to utilize unlimited, clean, and free solar radiation. A sundry system with a composter of two horizontal screw-type concrete ducts at different height, was constructed and operated for three days for each test in May, 1993, to evaluate its composting performance. Four treatments of the mixture ratio of swine manure and saw dust (manure : sawdust= 1 : 1.25, 1 : 1, 1 : 0.7, 1 : 0.5) were implemented to evaluate the effect of the mixture ratio on degradation of the composting materials of a sundry system with a screw-type composter. Maximum temperature of the composting materials was over 5$0^{\circ}C$ at D1 or D2 (one or two days after operation starts) for each test. Mean C/N ratio and water contents of the materials were reduced by more than 15 and 20%, respectively. Microbial density of each test showed a typical variation with the lapse of the composting time. Mesophilic microorganism seemed to play more important role on degradation of the materials than thermophilic. A sundry system with a screw-type composter can be considered as a feasible system on basis of maturity data. The conclusion was completely reverse from that of Choi et at., although both adopted a sundry system. A further study is recommended to pursue the cause of better performance of the screw-type composter, whether it was due to affirmative weather or more efficient composter.

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