• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2010

Characteristics of household wastes production from fishing village in small island was investigated. Investigation was conducted in August and December to represent seasonal characteristics of summer and winter, respectively. Amount of household wastes production was 0.65 kg/capita·day and this is relatively low value compared with nationwide average. Food wastes, papers, vinyl and plastics are major part of combustible portion in household wastes. Composting is inappropriate method as a final disposal method in terms of C/N ratio calculated from elemental analysis. It is recommended that incineration can be appropriate way as a final disposal method of household wastes because low heating value of household wastes is equivalent to that of crude oil. The fraction of food wastes in household is considerably higher than the values obtained from other residential areas in nationwide. Thus, it is evaluated that household composting devices and vermicomposting facilities are necessary to reduce the amount of food wastes. It also can be evaluated that incineration is optimal method as disposal method of household wastes from fishing village except food wastes.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.131-140
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• 2000

Compostable household wastes(mainly food residues) were composted in a small bin for 30 days, in which compostable household wastes were fed every day and mixed thoroughly under aerobic conditions. Three small bins were employed. In the first bin only recycled compost was composted, in the second, compostable household wastes with recycled compost, and in the third compostable household wastes with recycled compost and vermiculture. The correct decomposition rate of each composting material was calculated during composting. Total reduced rate of the weight after 30 days was 57.32% when composting the compostable household wastes with recycled compost, and 64.71% when composting them with recycled compost and vermiculite. In the case of composting the compostable household wastes with the recycled compost, the total weight reduction rate for a day was 6.81% and the total decomposition rate 6.81%. Their difference was not great. But in the case calculated with only compostable household wastes the total weight reduction rate was 56.34% and the decomposition 6.79%. When compostable household wastes were composted with the recycled compost and vermiculite, the total weight reduction rate was 64.99% and the decomposition rate 1.48%, but the total weight reduction 4.36% and the decomposition rate 35.46% when calculated with only compostable household wastes. MgO, $K_2O$ and Cr concentrations in the composting mixture during the early composting time were higher when composted with vermiculite than without it, but organic matter, CaO, NaCl, and $P_2O_5$ concentrations were contrarily diluted because of their lower concentration of vermiculite when compostable household wastes were composted with vermiculite.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2001

Compostable household wastes(mainly food wastes), after waste papers and cardboard being removed, were daily fed into small bins and mixed thoroughly while the air was supplied into the bin. Three small bins were employed: in case I, only recycled compost was composted, after being once fed at the beginning of composting, in case II, compostable household wastes(less than 50 mm) torn roughly by the hands with recycled compost, and in case III, compostable household wastes(less than 2 mm) ground by a kitchen mixer for vegetables with recycled compost. The straight-line was maintained between the wet or the dry residual mass of composting mixture versus composting time date(the coefficient of determination $R^2{\geq}0.98$ for the wet and $R^2{\geq}0.90$ for the dry). The decomposition rate of each composted material was estimated during composting. The total weight reduction rate after 30 days was 67.86% and 66.14% for case II and III, respectively. For case II, the daily weight reduction 6.82% and the daily decomposition rate 8.81% with the composting mixture, but the daily weight reduction rate was 56.43% and the daily decomposition rate 19.26% with only compostable household wastes. For case III, the daily reduction rate was 6.93% and the daily decomposition rate 7.70% with the composting mixture, but the daily weight reduction rate was 53.30% and the daily decomposition rate 22.95% with only compostable household wastes. The physicochemical characteristics of composting mixture did not show much difference between case II and III as was expected.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.348-356
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• 2012

It is very important to investigate air pollutants and emissions emitted from open burning in order to control nonpoint sources effectively. In this study, we utilized incineration simulator proposed by U.S. EPA and investigated concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 from woods and household wastes burning to calculate emission factors and build emission inventories. The results of experiment with 15 kg of woods and 3 kg of household wastes using the incineration simulator were as follows: in case of woods burning, TSP concentration was $66.4mg/m^3$, PM10 concentration was $28.4mg/m^3$, PM2.5 concentration was $17.9mg/m^3$, respectively; in case of household wastes burning, TSP concentration was $118.4mg/m^3$, PM10 concentration was $66.8mg/m^3$, PM2.5 concentration was $55.2mg/m^3$, respectively. Concentrations from household burning, as stated above, were higher than those from woods burning. Emission factors (EFs) for woods and household wastes burning were calculated as 2.45 and 6.75 g/kg for TSP, 0.86 and 5.45 g/kg for PM10, 0.78 and 4.81 g/kg for PM2.5, respectively. EFs of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 calculated from household wastes burning were higher than those of woods burning. When we added PM emissions from woods burning and household wastes burning to Korean National Emission Inventory named as Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS), CAPSS annual emissions of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 were increased by 0.08~0.26% (An increase rate for TSP, PM10, PM2.5 were 0.08~0.10%, 0.16~0.20% and 0.18~0.26%, respectively). Note that we assumed that the 1% of household wastes is emitted by open burning.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.87-98
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• 2001

The study was to examine the effect on the thinking of environmental preservation and behavior of dietary life control on discharging behavior of food wastes in household. The data were obtained from 443 homemakers living in Seoul. The statistical techniques used for this study included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Multiple Regression Analysis. As the result of analyzing relative effects of factors on discharging behavior of food wastes, for the degree of separation and discharge of food wastes and general wastes, they further actively separated and discharged them when they lived in public house(apartment, villa, tenement house), they had direct charge of dietary life, they had further serious thinking of environmental preservation, and they lived further diligent lives.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27
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• pp.3-17
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• 1984

Anaerobic digestion has recently attracted all over the world and Korea also shows no exception. The major benefits of anaerobic digestion are energy production, water pollution control, pathogen reduction and effective manure production. In Korea it was recognized in late sixties that there was a positive need to find alternative energy for farmers household. The main traditional energy sources in rural area were crop residues and forestry products. Therefore Office of Rural Development through its Rural Guidance Bureau disseminated about 29,000 household biogas units from 1969 to 1975 to provide cooking fuel for farmers household and to improve the mode of farmers living standards. The units were welcomed by farmers at that time. Now, however, most of them are not using due to a number of reasons associated with cold winter and some techno-economical problems (in those day, fossil fuel was quite expensive to compare with other prices and since then farmers income was quickly increased). The author studied on bag type household biogas plant to solve some technical problems of existing household biogas plants, but this also has little appeal for the farmers. From 1977 author studied on village scale biogas plant with two pilot plants. From the viewpoint of energy production, COD removal, kill rate of pathogen and fertilizer value, the results obtained from the experiments were quite promising, but the construction cost of the village scale biogas plant was too high for the farmers in Korea. To find most suitable biogas plant for farmers in Korea through the simplifying the biogas digester, the author developed batch-load biogas plant. By feeding coarse crop residues and manures, total solids concentrations of the batch-load biogas plant are about 28 percent which is much higher than continous digester of 5-8 percent. The batch-load biogas plant was welcomed by many farmers in Korea when it was reported on TV and newspapers. The plant was disseminated 154 units in 1982, 766 units in 1983 and 812 units in 1984 as a promissing project. Besides these biogas plant experiments, studies were also conducted 1) to determine gas production rate with agricultural wastes, 2) to evaluate the effect of loading rate, dilution, retention time on biogas production, 3) to project the amount of potencial energy from agricultural wastes.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.263-270
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the temple wastes and suggest the waste management guidelines for temples in natural parks. Study results revealed four important findings. First, it was found that the average quantity of the total temple wastes was 85,786g/day which was composed of general wastes(44,617g/day), food wastes(20,292g/day), recycling wastes(20.825g/day), and buddhist service wastes(60g/day). The average generation per capita of the temple wastes was 1,511g/capita day and the average bulk density was 0.102kg/l. Second, the food scrap was of small quantity(72.5g/day) because the traditional buddhist eating method, "Baru meal(鉢盂供養)" prohibits food abuse. This amount is very little compared to that produced in the general household in Korea. Third, the average quantity of the buddhist service wastes was 300-1,650g/one time. This wastes occupied 0.07% of the total temple wastes. Fourth, the average waste generated by visitors was 182.8g/person, which occupied 87.1% of the total temple wastes and costed 52,100,000 Wons to treat.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.299-306
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• 2012

This study conducted an internet survey to explore consumers' behaviors for reducing food wastes and to examine factors affecting their actions. Consumer survey demonstrates that food preparers at home purchase foods two or three times a week on average and most of food wastes are generated in the process of cooking preparation. Results show that consumers who purchase foods at supermarket reduce food wastes by frequently buying a small amount of foods and checking the expiration date. Consumers with higher income diminish food wastes by purchasing appropriate amount of foods. Interestingly, if husband and wife work together for a living, they are more active for decreasing food wastes compared to a single worker.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.59-70
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• 2001

The study was designed to heap reduce daily household waste and promote the recycling of society's resources. the focus is on promoting environment-friendly activities and slevating a sense of nature-conscious domestic welfare, as well as providing wars to encourage garbage-savvy shopping, waste disposal by content and recycling. The thesis utilized demographic data obtained from 225 female homemakers and includes results based on frequency, ratio, mean, Duncan's Multiple range Test and Multiple Regression analysis. The main results are as follows: 1. Environmental consciousness appears to be higher than that of the adjustment of purchases to reduce waste and of recycling. Conversely more action seems to be taken on the waste disposal separation established since the launch of the volume-based waste collection fee system than on environmental education. 2. Homemakers with relatively higher environmental consciousness reciprocate with correspondent shopping habits, waste disposal eparation and recycling. Factors that influence daily waste reducing action include environmental consciousness homemaker employment status and the type of residence. 3. Activities reducing daily domestic wastes appear to effect a meaningful variable in explaining a sense of environmental welfare. The more respondents practice related shopping habits, waste disposal separation or recycling the more they recognize their living environment as desirable.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2013

The amount of salted food waste and non-salted food waste from household consisted of 4 family members was surveyed. And the feeding rate and growth rate of Eisenia fetida population upon the different food wastes such as vegetables, grains, fruits and salted food waste were investigated. Total amount of food waste from a household was 3,200g/week. i.e. 0.114kg/day/capita and non-salted food waste was 53.9% of food waste. Salt contents of vegetables, grains, fruits were 0.60, 0.36 and 0.33%, respectively, if they were assumed to have 70% water content. Salt content of salted food waste was 0.78%. Upon the non-salted vegetables and fruits, feeding rate of earthworm was high but growth rate was low. Upon the non-salted grains, feeding rate of earthworm was low but growth rate was high. Upon the food with 70% water content, earthworm could not feed and grow when salt content of food was over 0.6%, and earthworm could feed normally but showed low growth rate when salt content of food was 0.3%. These results indicated that earthworm could stabilize the non-salted food wastes with ease but could hardly stabilize the salted food wastes.