• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.257-273
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• 2023

Conducting face-to-face surveys is difficult and cost prohibitive, necessitating a new attempt to build a probability-based panel in South Korea. Since 99.9% of adult Koreans own a mobile phone, mobile phone numbers provide a viable sampling frame. Random digit dialing (RDD) surveys were conducted August-December 2021. Of the 288,056 valid phone numbers dialed, 13,655 respondents between the ages of 19 and 69 completed a phone survey. These respondents were later invited by text message to join a panel; 3,202 of these (23.4% or 1.2% based on the number initially contacted) joined the panel. When compared to official government statistics like resident registration data, the census, or the Social Survey, this new probability-based panel can be said to be representative of the Korean population on the basis of age, gender, location, marital status, and household size after weighting is applied. However, even after weighting, panel members are more educated than the general population, white-collar workers and self-employed people are overrepresented, and blue-collar workers are underrepresented. As of February 2023, this panel has grown to 10,471 participants with plans to continue to invite more panel members in the same way. Based on the comparisons in this paper, we can regard this panel as a cost-effective, probability-based panel that may be used for various kinds of public opinion research, by researchers both within and outside of Korea. As we continue to refine and grow this panel, we hope it will become more widely used by researchers as well as provide a model for those building similar panels in other countries.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.272-281
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• 2023

Objectives: Young mothers are vulnerable to postpartum depression due to role transition-related stress. Understanding the causes underlying these stressors is essential for developing effective interventions. Methods: This study analyzed the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research data. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess postpartum depression symptoms in mothers aged 15-24 years with infants aged 0-6 months. In 1285 subjects, the risk factors for postpartum depression were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The overall prevalence of depression in the 6 months postpartum was 4.0%, with a higher prevalence in urban areas (5.7%) than in rural areas (2.9%). Urban and rural young mothers showed distinct postpartum depression risk factors. In urban areas, living without a husband (odds ratio [OR], 3.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24 to 11.76), experiencing preterm birth (OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 1.50 to 14.50), having pregnancy complications (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.20 to 7.66), and having postpartum complications (OR, 5.23; 95% CI, 1.98 to 13.80) were associated with a higher risk of postpartum depression. In rural areas, postpartum depression was significantly associated with a smaller household size (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.00 to 10.38), unwanted pregnancy (OR, 4.40; 95% CI, 1.15 to 16.86), and pregnancy complications (OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.31 to 8.88). Conclusions: In both urban and rural contexts, postpartum depression relates to the availability of others to accompany young mothers throughout the postpartum period and offer support with reproductive issues. Support from the family and the healthcare system is essential to young mothers' mental health. The healthcare system needs to involve families to support young mothers' mental health from pregnancy until the postpartum period.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.257-269
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explain the pivotal role of the travel forecasting process in urban transportation planning. This study emphasizes the use of travel forecasting models to anticipate future traffic. Method: This study examines the methodology used in urban travel demand modeling within transportation planning, specifically focusing on the Urban Transportation Modeling System (UTMS). UTMS is designed to predict various aspects of urban transportation, including quantities, temporal patterns, origin-destination pairs, modal preferences, and optimal routes in metropolitan areas. By analyzing UTMS and its operational framework, this research aims to enhance an understanding of contemporary urban travel demand modeling practices and their implications for transportation planning and urban mobility management. Result: The result of this study provides a nuanced understanding of travel dynamics, emphasizing the influence of variables such as average income, household size, and vehicle ownership on travel patterns. Furthermore, the attraction model highlights specific areas of significance, elucidating the role of retail locations, non-retail areas, and other locales in shaping the observed dynamics of transportation. Conclusion: The study methodically addressed urban travel dynamics in a four-ward area, employing a comprehensive modeling approach involving trip generation, attraction, distribution, modal split, and assignment. The findings, such as the prevalence of motorbikes as the primary mode of transportation and the impact of adjusted traffic patterns on reduced travel times, offer valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers in optimizing transportation networks. These insights can inform strategic decisions to enhance efficiency and sustainability in urban mobility planning.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.121-130
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• 2024

This study utilized data from 1,068 women aged 40-59, drawn from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted in 2020, to investigate factors impacting subjective health perception and health-related quality of life. Methodologically, STATA 15.0 was employed for complex sample mean and standard deviation calculations, complex sample weighted percentages, complex sample t-tests, and multiple regression analyses. Common factors influencing both subjective health and health-related quality of life included education level, household size, depression, and stress. Age, binge drinking, and physical activity were identified as factors influencing subjective health perception. Insurance type, employment status, and sleep disorders emerged as factors impacting health-related quality of life. Recognizing middle age as a crucial transitional phase into old age, the development of health policy programs aimed at enhancing subjective health and health-related quality of life during this period is deemed essential.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.398-412
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify a relationship between housework hours and fatigue level in middle-aged women. The subjects were 204 women living in Seoul and near the city, ranging in ages of 30-59(mean = 41.6 year) and were interviewed during the month of Oct. to Dec. 1999. The following questionnaires were utilized in this study: a self reporting housework time measurement table and a fatigue symptom scale originated from Yoshitake (1978). The analysis of the data was done by SAS program, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Total mean hours of housework of the subjects were shown 9.2 hours on weekdays and 8.9 hours on weekend. Mean hours according to the area of houseworks on weekdays and on weekend were preparing and providing meal 3.9 and 4.2, doing laundry and maintaining clothes 3.1 and 1.6, keeping and maintaining house 1.6 and 1.4, caring family 1.3 and 1.2, and keeping household records 0.5 both. 2. With respect to the general characteristics of the subjects, there were significantly difference in age, job, religion, type of family, number of children, experience of present and previous illness, and perceived body size. 3. Average fatigue scores of the subjects were 16.6 of total score 60. Fatigue scores by the area were neuroperceptive fatigue 6.5, mental fatigue 5.2, and physical fatigue 4.9 in order. There were significantly differences in the score of fatigue by religion, number of family, present illness, and perception of body size. 4. There were significantly positive relationships in the scores of fatigue with the total hours of housework, preparing and providing meal, doing laundry and maintaining clothes, keeping and maintaining house, and caring family. 5. The physical fatigue scores were positively related with the areas of preparing and providing meal, doing laundry and maintaining clothes. While the mental fatigue scores were positively related the areas of preparing and providing meal, caring family, and keeping and maintaining house, and neuroperceptive fatigue scores were positively related with the areas of keeping and maintaining house and caring family. The recommendations from this study were further studies to investigate how middle-aged women manage their fatigue level, increase public awareness of middle aged women's fatigue level, and develop programs for middle-aged women to help with high fatigue.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.33-60
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• 2009

This study aimed at examining whether the national rental housing supplied by Korea National Housing Corporation (KNHC) is truly contributing to the upward mobility of housing in low-income households without their own house by comparatively analyzing whether those who moved out of the national rental housing made upward, horizontal or downward housing type mobility. The subjects of this study included 333 people who had moved out of three national rental housing complexes in Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do in 2007, which had opened to the first residents two years ago. A telephone survey involving the subjects was carried out. Collected data were analyzed through frequency analysis, cross tabulation analysis and multiple regression analysis, with using the type of residential mobility(downward mobility, horizontal mobility or upward mobility) according to "housing size" and "housing costs" as a dependent variable, and personal and family environment and economic environment as independent variables. According to the results of the analysis, 76.4% of the households made an upward mobility, 1.6% remained little changed, and 22% moved downward in terms of "housing costs," compared to before moving into the national rental housing and while living there. Furthermore, in terms of "housing size" 61.8% of the households moved upward, 16.5% remained little changed and 19.7% moved downward. The variables affecting the upward mobility of housing type included the number of income earners in a household, income earner's occupation and education level. Income earner's amount of income, age and family to support, on the other hand, turned out to have little effect on the upward mobility. Based on the results of the study, the following suggests were made for the supply of effective national rental housing. First, various features of each type of residential mobility should be reflected. Second, national rental housing residents' self-sufficiency should be enhanced to help them move upward in housing type.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.101-122
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• 1994

This paper is one of the sequels from 'A Survey of Villages and Dwellings of Korean Immigrants in the North-Eastern Part of China'. It is the result of the extensive survey of Ch'ang-ts'ai-tsun village and covers several architectural characteristics of the dwellings. This paper alma to identify the 'double file' dwelling type, which is believed as one of the main stream of Korean folk dwelling. In this type, 'Chung-ju-kan' forms the central open space, where main household functions are carried out. This type originates from climatic reasons and functional reasons as well. This paper also aims to clarify how the dwelling forms are changed according to the life styles of various periods. The Korean immigrants in this village have experienced rapid changes in modern times like other Chinese. Through various political movements, the original dwelling type of this village has changed to adapt various needs and functions, which shows the simple truth : dwelling form changes according to the changes of life style and social structure. In this paper the directions of chimney through various periods are analyzed to verify the differences of the house layout methods and concepts of the time. The village had grown through 3 main periods before liberation period(1946), communization period(1946 - 1966) and contemporary period (1967 - ). It is concluded as follows: 1. The village was originated in late 19th century along the east-west street, which was a major routes of Korean Immigrants to China. In this area there was no regularity in its site plan. The direction of chimney, which was usually westward, was not determined according to the location of gate. This type was kept until liberization of this area, 1946. The plans of dwellings followed Ham-kyong-do 'double file' dwelling type, '6-kan dwelling' or '8-kan dwelling'. 2. The 'New Village' area, which was formed in the communization period, has a strict regularity in its site plan. The direction of chimney was determined as opposite direction of the gate. This method was maintained until 1976, when Mao died and new 'open' policy was held by Chinese government. In this area the 'dwelling house' plan type was not changed, but its layout and size were restricted. The general form of the dwelling in this village was shaped in this period. 3. The contemporary dwellings were built in random site location. The dwelling type was changed because of the reduction of family size and the permissin of private ownership. The number of rooms was reduced but the storage rooms and domestic animal hutches were added. But the 'Chung-ju-kan', the major chacteristics of north-eastern Korea dwelling is still kept. It becomes one large 'Chtin-ju-kan' room like 'open plan' type.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-115
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial pattern of retail services and the consumer behaviors. For the purpose we select Jeju Island as the study area, because it retains relatively little distorted retail service systems by it's locational isolation. The retail service systems comprise three types: large-scale modern marts, conventional markets, and periodic markets. This study attempts to examine the interrelationships between these three different types, of retail services, and to figure out the spatial characteristics of consumer behaviors for each of them. We performed questionnaire surveys for getting the data of consumer behaviors. We applied several statistical methods to analyze the survey data. Most of retail services are located in two urban centers, Jeju City and Seoguipo City. We found that the locations of retail services are determined strongly by population size. The selection of market type and the location to go for shopping are related strongly with the types of goods. However, there is a wide difference in the consumer behaviors according to the consumer's socio-economic characteristics. Young wives tend to go shopping to large-scale marts in Jeju City which is the higher level central place, while old wives go shopping to conventional markets and periodic markets. They also show different shopping behaviors according to the household income levels. Low income groups prefer to go conventional markets located near to their residence, middle income groups go to large-scale marts in Jeju, and high income group go out of the Jeju Island. However, the consumer behavior does not show big difference according to the size of family. There are also no difference in the selection for shopping location according to the consumer's resident locations.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2021

We surveyed 27 workplaces and 1897 workers and analyzed the correlation between Personal characteristics of workers and Musculoskeletal Symptoms. The presence or absence of Symptoms of Musculoskeletal Disease in workers was based on The Management Target or higher in accordance with the guidelines for The Investigation of Harmful Factors in Musculoskeletal Burdened Work of the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency. Personal characteristics were divided into age, work load, housework burden, work experience, leisure type, gender, and marital status. In the survey, correlations were investigated through binominal logistic regression analysis for rank variables of work load, household burden, and work experience, and the significance of the results was confirmed by crosstabulation and chi-square analysis for other nominal variables. And in the case of other variables, there was a slight trend, but it was confirmed that it was not statistically significant. As a result, We confirmed that the incidence rate of Musculoskeletal Disease Symptoms increased as the age of the workers was lower, the higher the workload and housework, if they were women, if they did not engage in leisure activities. However, considering that the results of this study are slightly different as a result of comparing the results of other studies, the data of this study can be used as rough indicators for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, but additional research is needed before using it as quantitative indicators.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.5-27
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• 1987

It is widely recognized that primary health care in the community is one of the most important and effective health measures in these days. However, it is reality that unsatisfactory health care system, ineffective utilization of health care by the community people in the rural area are hampering better understanding for primary health care. Therefore promoting health for the rural people and increasing understanding about primary health care, the baseline survey in the community focused in examination for safe community water supply was carried out. The survey was conducted through August 25-31, 1986 in order to find out health problems and relevant factors and to define the demographic characteristics of $^*$Sanpuk village, Kumsa-Myun, Yuju-Gun, Kyunggi-Do, Korea. Household survey was carried out for every home by trained interviewers. The major results are found out as follows : 1) 84.2%(400 houses) of total households were surveyed because 15.8%(75 houses) were unable to survey due to either refusal against interview or absence of family. These 400 households were composed of 1,697 residents(male:830, female 867). Educational level of respondents showed 34.1% as elementary school graduated. Religion distribution showed Buddism(23.8%) as the most dominant. 50.7% of respondents married in the area. 2) Most households(91.5%) have lived in their own house in Sanpuk area. Average family size showed 4.3. More than half of residents(64.2%) have used public supplied water tap. Only 1.5% of the households had a flush toliet. The rest of households have still used primitive insanitary latrines. 3) 32.5% of residents have used gas burner for cooking and for heating in the house, and the coal briquet were used for boiler. Lack of convenient public transportation was the chief complaint for their day life. 4) Each household occupied 1,990 pyungs of rice paddy and 1,170 pyungs of ordinary field in average. Beside farming products, mushroom was the highest product. 5) Sixth percent of households in the survey area regularly participated in community meeting one hand and on the other hand 39.5% never participated. Most of respondents closely contacted with their neighbours and they seemed very friendly each other. 6) The prevalence rate of illness and injury during recent 15 days showed 48.3 per 1,000. The prevalence rate of chronic illnesses during the past one year showed 74 per 1,000. Injury and accident lead the higher portion(22.0%) in the former and in the latter pain(arthritis, back-pain) showed 27.0% as the dominant sickness. 87.8% of the ill residents in the former received medical treatment. As the most frequently utilized medical facility, the clinic or hospital were counted. Among the residents suffering from chronic illnesses, 77.3% in Sanpuk area get some kind of medical treatments and they rarely utilized the clinic or hospital. The reason why the patient did not receive any medical care was found out the fact that symptoms of illness was light or mild and economic problems was serious. 7) Average age of marriage showed 21.6 years old in the women and the average duration of marital period was shown for 15.1 years. The married woman in reproductive age in Sanpuk area had experienced pregnancies 4 times in the aver-age including 0.7 time of pregnancy in average were interrupted by induced abortion and 0.3 time by spontaneous abortion respectively. The practicing rate of the family planning of the married woman during reproductive ages showed 70.7% and the tuballigation was found out as the most frequently used contraceptives. 8) Among woman who has children under 2 years old, 70.0% had received the prenatal care for the last pregnancy. However, the average number of prenatal care visitis per woman showed 3.3 times. Fifty-two % of woman who received the postnatal care for the last delivery showed only 37.5%. 9) Immunization rate of the children under 2 years old showed relatively high and looked successful. The breast feeding for these children showed dominantly in the most. Most of the mothers in Sanpuk area had started the supplementary diet during weaning period of their infants of 6th and 7th month after birth. * : Sanpuk area is a demstration area for community development which has been supported by the Community Development Foundation during the part 10 years. The village is relatively closer to urban area such as Seoul, However, it has a similar characteristics shown as a remote village because of geographical location and inconvenient transportation at present.