• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.65-77
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• 2002

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine which compound of Bee Venom for herb-acupuncture has cytotoxicity on mouse mast cell line. Methods : We compared crude bee venom and its compounds such as melittin, mast cell degranulating peptide (MCD peptide), apamin with control groups on cytotoxicity by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results & Conclusion : 1. Crude bee venom showed significant cytotoxic effect(p<0.01) in 1 hour treatment with $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in comparison with control group in 1 hour treatment with low concentration of $10-4{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $10-3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $10-2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $10-1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, but it showed no significant cytotoxic effect in 6 hours treatment. 2. Melittin group showed no significant cytotoxic effect in comparison with control group in 1 and 6 hours treatment with low concentration of $10-4{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $10-3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $10-2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $10-1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 3. MCD peptide and Apamin group showed no significant cytotoxic effect in comparison with control group in 1 and 6 hours treatment with low concentration of $10-4{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ $10-3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $10-2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $10-1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 4. Crude bee venom showed significant cytotoxic effect(p<0.01) in 1 and 6 hours treatment in comparison with control group in 1 and 6 hours treatment with high concentration of $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $102{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 5. Melittin group showed significant cytotoxic effect(p<0.01) in 1 hour treatment in comparison with control group in 1 hour treatment with high concentration of $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ but it showed no significant cytotoxic effect in 6 hours treatment. 6. Crude bee venom and its compounds have more cytotoxic effect in 1 hour treatment than in 6 hours treatment. It means cytotoxicity tends to decrease according to the treatment time.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2011

Backgroud & Objectives: The purpose of the study was to develop an innovative blended learning method on life style and health promotion and evaluate the educational effects for university students. Methods: The blended learning was developed to combine face-to-face lecture(off-line lecture) and on-line lecture that applied the subject of life style and health promotion. This course is a coordinated effort towards providing 5 topics of lifestyle such as smoking, alcohol, exercise, diet, and stress management. This has been verified by an expert in the field of nursing, education, e-learning technician and students. Participants were different part of university students (n=28) with major enrolled in a general culture course for 2 credits which composed of 8 sessions of each 2-hour in the first semester of 2010. The study was a one group posttest design. A self-report about health knowledge, attitude, and health behavior was organized by content analysis after the sessions. Results: Positive feedbacks from students were reflected in the outcome. Student regarded good lifestyle as being the most important. Student concerned those on-line lectures are not only available at most time and site, but also good for individualization, visual understanding and interest. Face-to-face lecture provided student a chance to integrate with knowledge and experience and had desire to improve good lifestyle and health promotion. Conclusions: The blended learning method on good lifestyle and health could make a best use of improvement for knowledge, attitude and behavior concerning. It is needed to identify the long term effects of a blended learning for further study.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.516-527
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• 2013

This paper presents a new overall system for state-of-available-power (SoAP) prediction for a lithium-ion battery pack. The essential part of this method is based on an adaptive network architecture which utilizes both fuzzy model (FIS) and artificial neural network (ANN) into the framework of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). While battery aging proceeds, the system is capable of delivering accurate power prediction not only for room temperature, but also at lower temperatures at which power prediction is most challenging. Due to design property of ANN, the network parameters are adapted on-line to the current battery states (state-of-charge (SoC), state-of-health (SoH), temperature). SoC is required as an input parameter to SoAP module and high accuracy is crucial for a reliable on-line adaptation. Therefore, a reasonable way to determine the battery state variables is proposed applying a combination of several partly different algorithms. Among other SoC boundary estimation methods, robust extended Kalman filter (REKF) for recalibration of amp hour counters was implemented. ANFIS then achieves the SoAP estimation by means of time forward voltage prognosis (TFVP) before a power pulse occurs. The trade-off between computational cost of batch-learning and accuracy during on-line adaptation was optimized resulting in a real-time system with TFVP absolute error less than 1%. The verification was performed on a software-in-the-loop test bench setup using a 53 Ah lithium-ion cell.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.158-169
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• 2004

A method for predicting the short-term dynamic line ratings in overhead transmission lines using real-time weather forecast data is proposed in this paper. Through some inspections for the 3-hour interval forecasting factors such as ambient temperature, wind speed grade and weather code given by KMA(Korea Meteorological Administration), correlation properties between forecast weather data and actual measured data are analyzed. To use these variable in determining the dynamic line ratings, they are changed into suitable numerical values. Furthermore adaptive neuro-fuzzy systems to improve reliabilities for wind speed and solar heat radiation ate designed It was verified that the forecast weather data can be used to predict the line rating with reliable. As a result it can be possible that the proposed predicting system can be effectively utilized by their anticipation a short-time in advance.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 1969

Ten experimental tuna long line fishing operations were performed with the long lines A and B, in combination casting orders of BA and AB. The long line B differs from A in its additional main line length per basket and its greater depth of submersion (Table 1). The BA casting order results in an AB hauling order, so that the long line B is casted at an earlier time of a day and fishes for a longer period than A line (fig. 2). The number of fish caught was divided into subclasses in order to be subjected to $x^2-tests$ (Table 2). The first series of $x^2-tests$ were calculated using the hooking rates of two subclasses with other factors pooled (Table 3). The second series of $x^2-tests$ were calculated to obtain the interactions between two subclasses when other factors differed (Table 4). Attention was paid to the extremely small interactions as well as to the large interactions in order to find out whether a factor functions in the same way or in a contradictory way when the other factors involved differ. The test result is summarized in Table 5. The relationship between the hook casting time (relative to the sunrise time) and the hooking rates reveals the feeding behavior of particular species (fig. 3) A high hooking rate for yellowfin tuna shown in the period from one hour before sunrise to the moment of sunrise suggests that they feed actively in that period. Their poor hooking rate on earlier casted hooks suggests that they do not feed well under conditions of darkness and that they feed best while the hooks are sinking. Furthermore it is likely that yellowfin tuna maintain a shallow depth in the daytime, for the $x^2$ interaction between the line casting order BA and AB shows their persistant preferance of the long line A regardless of line casting order. Bigeye tuna show their feeding behavior under conditions of darkness, and show a preference for the sea's deeper layer. Alepisaurus borealis (Gill) show their feeding behavior under conditions of darkness more significantly than the bigeye tuna and their preferance for deep layers is also more significant. Marlins (mainly Makaria mazara) show a feeding behavior which is similar to the yellowfin tuna. The author emphasizes that certain variations of the hooking rates in relation to the line easting time were caused by an inadequate fishing depth as well as by the fish preference for a particular feeding time. When the part of the line casted in pre-dawn hours and hauled in the pre-sunset hours show a significantly lower hooking rate than other parts of the line, then it is concluded that tile hooks settled in a sea layer too deep for feeding.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2324-2329
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• 2014

The inspection of distance to go train control system conducted only when train is in main line or inspecting line, that affects low work efficiency and hazard elements to safe operation. Before or after train operation, the interface test between on-board and wayside signal system must be conducted. In this paper, onboard signal interface inspection system based on the real-time automatic analysis of onboard system status information that is transmitted to the wayside system and the operation status check of the onboard signal device operates as a virtual train information that is transmitted to the onboard system have been proposed. And after building the inspection system to the inspecting track of Daejeon Subway Line 1, Panam Depot, the verification algorithm of proposed interface test and the results was presented. therefore, it has enhanced work efficiency to do not carry train operation of a half hour in test line to test on-board system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.787-791
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• 2009

In this paper, we proposed the reservoir tank wireless integrated management using information filtering for improving the water quality and on-line managing efforts of reservoir tanks. Reservoir tank level sensor works the pump sending the data from reservoir tank control to the wireless control on sensing water level. At this time, every kind data which happens in the water tank transmits the line transmission modem. The data to be received from the line transmission modem is stored at the database after we record the logs by each hour. The proposed method defined the context and environment of the reservoir tank and predicted the profited service according to the pump motion, the solar battery, the chemicals, the water level, the line, and the modem using information filtering. we plan to conduct the proposed method to verify the adequacy and the validity of reservoir tank wireless integrated management using the information filtering.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.16-25
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• 2006

Most water tanks operating have been managed by people's five senses. A human material resource have been wasted awfully at this. In the present study, we suggest the wireless integrated system for managing water tank of reducing the wastage human resources and on-line real time managing efforts of water tanks. Water level sensor works the pump sending the data from water tank control to the wireless control on sensing water level. At this time, every kind data which happens in the water tank transmits the line transmission modem. Data to be received from the line transmission modem is stored at the database after we record the logs by each hour. We display the result to the web pages, after checking the pump motion, the pump error, the water level, the solar battery error, the chemicals, and the telephone line to the foundation data to be saved. Furthermore, this paper suggests empirical applications of the proposed wireless integrated system for managing water tank in order to verify its feasibility.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.46.3-47
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• 2021

Recently a multilayer spectral inversion (MLSI) model has been proposed to infer the physical parameters of plasmas in the solar chromosphere. The inversion solves a three-layer radiative transfer model using the strong absorption line profiles, H alpha and Ca II 8542 Å, taken by the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS). The model successfully provides the physical plasma parameters, such as source functions, Doppler velocities, and Doppler widths in the layers of the photosphere to the chromosphere. However, it is quite expensive to apply the MLSI to a huge number of line profiles. For example, the calculating time is an hour to several hours depending on the size of the scan raster. We apply deep neural network (DNN) to the inversion code to reduce the cost of calculating the physical parameters. We train the models using pairs of absorption line profiles from FISS and their 13 physical parameters (source functions, Doppler velocities, Doppler widths in the chromosphere, and the pre-determined parameters for the photosphere) calculated from the spectral inversion code for 49 scan rasters (~2,000,000 dataset) including quiet and active regions. We use fully connected dense layers for training the model. In addition, we utilize a skip connection to avoid a problem of vanishing gradients. We evaluate the model by comparing the pairs of absorption line profiles and their inverted physical parameters from other quiet and active regions. Our result shows that the deep learning model successfully reproduces physical parameter maps of a scan raster observation per second within 15% of mean absolute percentage error and the mean squared error of 0.3 to 0.003 depending on the parameters. Taking this advantage of high performance of the deep learning model, we plan to provide the physical parameter maps from the FISS observations to understand the chromospheric plasma conditions in various solar features.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.808-816
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to compare the American, Chinese, and Japanese consumers' usage behavior of marketing communication towards overseas Korean restaurants. The survey included both on and off-line method and self-administered questionnaires were written in three languages- English, Chinese and Japanese. The sample was collected from 5 hub cities for globalization of Korean food- LA, New York, Tokyo, Beijing, and Shanghai. The most important factor of searching for Korean restaurants-related information was 'the interaction' and the least one was 'the diversity'. The most commonly informed Korean restaurants-related content through the on and off-line media was 'the general information, such as location, telephone number, and operation hour'. Korean restaurants-related content that the respondents' most interested in was 'the information of menu and price'. Results of this study can expectedly be used from a practical point of view by providing empirical data of foreign consumers for effective marketing communication strategies of overseas Korean restaurants.