• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2006

Statistical analyses for spatial data are important features for various types of fields. Spatial data are taken at specific locations or within specific regions and their relative positions are recorded. Lattice data are synoptic observation covering an entire spatial region, like cancer rates corresponding to each county in a state. The main purpose of this paper is to detect hotspots for the region with significantly high or low rates. Kulldorff(1997) detected hotspots based on circular spatial scan statistics. We propose a new method to find any shapes of hotspots by use of echelon analysis with spatial scan statistics.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1181-1190
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• 2006

Statistical analyses for spatial data are important features for various types of fields. Spatial data are taken at specific locations or within specific regions and their relative positions are recorded. Lattice data are synoptic observation covering an entire spatial region, like cancer rates corresponding to each county in a state. Until now, the echelon analysis has been applied only to univariate spatial data. As a result, it is impossible to detect the hotspots on the multivariate spatial data In this paper, we expand the spatial data to time series structure. And then we analyze them on the time space and detect the hotspots. Echelon dendrogram has been made by piling up each multivariate spatial data to bring time spatial data. We perform the structural analysis of temporal spatial data.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2004

In this study we analyze categorical data by means of spatial statistics and echelon analysis. To do this, we first determine the hierarchical structure of a given contingency table by using echelon dendrogram then, we detect candidates of hotspots given as the top echelon in the dendrogram. Next, we evaluate spatial scan statistics for the zones of significantly high or low rates based on the likelihood ratio. Finally, we detect hotspots of any size and shape based on spatial scan statistics.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.453-465
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• 2014

생물다양성우수지역은 종다양성이 가장 우수한 지역 또는 훼손될 우려가 가장 큼에도 생물상이 가장 다양한 지역으로서, 생물다양성 보전을 위한 최적지를 선택하는 데 필수적인 요소이다. 이 연구의 목적은 포유류를 대상으로 전국단위에서 종풍부도, 희귀도를 분석하여 생물다양성우수지역을 파악하는 것이다. 대상종은 멸종위기 포유류 4종, 일반종 11종 등 총 15종을 선정하였다. 지형, 거리, 식생구조 등을 환경변수로 설정하였고, Maxent(Maximum Entropy Method)를 활용하여 종분포모형을 구축하였다. 종풍부도와 종희귀도를 통해 생물다양성을 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 종풍부도를 분석한 결과, 멸종위기 포유류를 대상으로 할 때에는 높고 가파른 산림이 생물다양성우수지역인 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 전체종을 대상으로 했을 때는 저지대 산림에서 종풍부도가 높았다. 두 번째, 멸종위기 포유류를 대상으로 할 때에는 희귀도와 종풍부도가 유사한 공간분포를 보였다. 그러나 전체종을 대상으로 할때에는 저지대 산림 뿐만 아니라 고지대 산림에서도 다소 희귀도가 높은 것으로 나타나, 종풍부도와는 다소 다른 공간분포를 보였다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 추후 생물다양성 평가, 서식지 보전, 생태축 구축, 보호지역 관리 등에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.417-430
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• 2018

생태계서비스의 개념을 적용한 공간계획을 수립하기 위해서는 생태계서비스 우수지역 파악하고, 이를 관리하는 것이 필요하다. 생태계서비스가 주변보다 높은 지역을 의미하는 생태계서비스 우수지역 평가와 지도화는 생태계서비스를 효과적으로 관리하는데 필요한 정보를 제공한다. 지역 환경분야 이해당사자들의 인식을 반영한 우수지역 평가는 지역에서 관리가 필요한 우선지역을 파악하는데 용이하다. 본 연구는 안산시를 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하여 조절서비스별 가중치를 산정하고, 이를 반영하여 조절서비스 우수지역을 파악하였다. 환경분야 이해당사자 분석결과, 조절서비스의 중요도는 수질조절, 대기조절, 침식조절, 기후조절의 순서로 나타났다. 생태계서비스 우수지역은 주로 안산 북동부에 위치한 산림지역에서 나타났다. 이해당사자 가중치를 반영한 경우에도 우수지역의 공간분포는 유사하게 나타났다. 환경분야 이해당사자 인식을 반영한 생태계서비스 우수지역 평가는 지역에서 생태계서비스 관리정책 수립 시 의사결정지원도구로서 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2015

A hotspot is a spatial pattern that properties or events of spaces are densely revealed in a particular area. Whereas location information is easily captured with increasing use of mobile devices, so is not our emotion unless asking directly through a survey. Tweet provides a good way of analyzing such spatial sentiment, but relevant research is hard to find. Therefore, we analyzed hotspots of emotion in the twitter using spatial autocorrelation. 10,142 tweets and related GPS data were extracted. Sentiment of tweets was classified into good or bad with a support vector machine algorithm. We used Moran's I and Getis-Ord $G_i^*$ for global and local spatial autocorrelation. Some hotspots were found significant and drawn on Seoul metropolitan area map. These results were found very similar to an earlier conducted official survey of happiness index.

• 정보통신설비학회논문지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.48-60
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• 2003

With the rapid successful deployment of WLANs worldwide in numerous hotspots for high data rate, wireless access for data services has created the need to integrate the Cellular Networks with WLAN Networks. The integrated wireless environment will provide the end user a much better service experience along with a single subscription and a single bill. In this paper we focus on inter-working approaches, which combine WLANs and Cellular Networks into an integrated wireless environment capable of ubiquitous access to data services and very high data rates in hotspots areas. We first list the key requirements which are currently being standardized within the 30PP for integration with WLANs networks. We discuss two inter-working architectures namely loosely coupled and tightly coupled This paper will detail the loosely coupled inter-working approach while briefly discussing the tightly coupled inter-working. Finally, we will conclude that the loosely coupled approach is evolutionary and less intrusive than the tightly coupled approach.

• 셀메드
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.15.1-15.12
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• 2015

Comparative studies have established that the North-Eastern (NE) region of India which is a part of the Eastern Himalayan region is affluent in both traditional knowledge based phytomedicine and biodiversity. About 1953 ethno-medicinal plants are detailed from the NE region of India out of which 1400 species are employed both as food and ethnopharmacological resources. Nearly 70% of species diversity has been reported from the two Indian biodiversity hotspots-The Western Ghats and the Eastern Himalayas and these hotspots are protected by tribal communities and their ancient traditional knowledge system. Paris polyphylla Smith belongs to the family Melanthiaceae and is a traditional medicinal herb which is known to cure some major ailments such as different types of Cancer, Alzheimer's disease, abnormal uterine bleeding, leishmaniasis etc. The major phytoconstituents are dioscin, polyphyllin D, and balanitin 7. Phylogeny of Paris was inferred from nuclear ITS and plastid psbA-trnH and trnL-trnF DNA sequence data. Results indicated that Paris is monophyletic in all analyses. Rhizoma Paridis, which is the dried rhizome of Paris polyphylla is mainly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine and its mode of action is known for only a few cancer cell lines. The current review determines to sketch an extensive picture of the potency, diversity, distribution and efficacy of Paris polyphylla from the Eastern Himalayan region and the future validation of its phytotherapeutical and molecular attributes by recognizing the Intellectual Property Rights of the Traditional Knowledge holders.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2022

Background: The constant consumption of chemical products owing to expanding industrialization has led to an increase in public interest in chemical substances. As the production and disposal processes for these chemical products cause environmental problems, regional information on the hazard level of chemical substances is required considering their effects on humans and in order to ensure environmental safety. Objectives: This study aimed to identify hazard contribution and spatiotemporal characteristics by region and chemical by calculating a hazard-based result score using pollutant release and transfer register (PRTR) data. Methods: This study calculated the chemical discharge and hazard-based result score from the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) model, analyzed their spatiotemporal patterns, and identified hotspot areas where chemical discharges and high hazard-based scores were concentrated. The amount of chemical discharge and hazard-based risk scores for 250 cities and counties across South Korea were calculated using PRTR data from 2011 to 2018. Results: The chemical discharge (high densities in Incheon, Daegu, and Busan) and hazard-based result scores (high densities in Incheon, Chungcheongnam-do, and some areas of Gyeongsangnam-do Province) showed varying spatial patterns. The chemical discharge (A, B) and hazard-based result score (C, D) hotspots were identified. Additionally, identification of the hazard-based result scores revealed differences in the type of chemicals contributing to the discharge. Ethylbenzene accounted for ≥80% of the discharged chemicals in the discharge hotspots, while chromium accounted for >90% of the discharged chemicals in the hazard-based result score hotspots. Conclusions: The RSEI hazard-based result score is a quantitative indicator that considers the degree of impact on human health as a toxicity-weighted value. It can be used for the management of industries discharging chemical substances as well as local environmental health management.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.580-591
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• 2019

본 연구는 로드킬 다발구간을 선정하기 위한 공간 군집지역 탐색방법을 비교하기 위하여 영주시, 문경시, 안동시, 청송군 로드킬 핫스팟 분석을 수행하였다. 국지적 공간 자기상관 지수인 Getis-Ord Gi* 통계량은 분석 단위를 달리하여 산출하였으며, 전체 도로면적 기준으로 300m에서 9%, 1km에서 14%의 핫스팟 지역을 도출하였다. 1km 단위 핫스팟 지역의 Z-score를 5개로 등급화한 결과, 예천군과 영주시 경계에 있는 28번 국도 구간의 Z-score가 가장 높게 나타났다. 커널 밀도 방법은 일반 커널 밀도 추정과 네트워크 커널 밀도 추정 분석을 수행하였다. 두 방법 모두 구역 단위의 분석보다 로드킬 다발구간의 시각적 확인이 용이했으나, 통계적으로 유의한 우선순위를 산정하기 어려운 한계가 있었다. 결과적으로 군집 분석방법에 따라 국지적인 핫스팟 지역이 다르게 나타나고 있음이 확인되었으며, 공통적으로 저감 대책이 시급한 지역은 영주시와 예천군을 통과하는 28번 국도의 다발구간으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 로드킬 다발구간 도출 및 저감 대책 수립시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.