• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2008

This study examined the effects of lactic acid spray, hot water spray, or their combined treatment, as well as the effects of acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), for the decontamination of Escherichia coli on beef carcass surfaces using a commercial intervention system. With this system, the effects of 2 or 4% lactic acid (v/v), hot water ($89{\pm}1^{\circ}C$), or their combined treatment, were examined in terms of reducing inoculated E. coli. ASC (266 ppm), which was adjusted to pH 2.5 using acetic acid or citric acid, was applied using a hand-held spray system. When the beef carcasses were treated with 2 or 4% lactic acid for 10.4 s, less than 1 log reductions of inoculated E. coli were observed. A hot water spray treatment for 9.8 s resulted in a 2.1 log reduction of inoculated E. coli. However, when the hot water was followed with either 2 or 4% lactic acid, no difference in E. coli reduction was found between the hot water alone or the combined treatment with lactic acid. When ASC was adjusted to pH 2.5 with acetic acid and citric acid, 3.8 and 4.1 log reductions of E. coli were observed, respectively. Overall, the lactic acid spray treatment was least effective, and the ASC treatment was most effective, for the E. coli decontamination of beef carcasses. Therefore, these data suggest that ASC would be a more effective intervention against E. coli than most of the methods currently being used. However, more research is required to evaluate the effects of ASC on other organisms, as well as to identify application methods that will not affect meat quality.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.36.2-36.2
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• 2011

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used for orthopedic implants because of their good biocompatibility. We have previously shown that the crystalline titania layers formed on the surface of titanium metal via anodic oxidation can induce apatite formation in simulated body fluid, whereas amorphous titania layers do not possess apatite-forming ability. In this study, hot water and heat treatments were applied to transform the titania layers from an amorphous structure into a crystalline structure after titanium metal had been anodized in acetic acid solution. The apatite-forming ability of titania layers subjected to the above treatments in simulated body fluid was investigated. The XRD and SEM results indicated hot water and/or heat treatment could greatly transform the crystal structure of titania layers from an amorphous structure into anatase, or a mixture of anatase and rutile.The abundance of Ti-OH groups formed by hot water treatment could contribute to apatite formation on the surface of titanium metals, and subsequent heat treatment would enhance the bond strength between the apatite layers and the titanium substrates. Thus, bioactive titanium metals could be prepared via anodic oxidation and subsequent hot water and heat treatment that would be suitable for applications under load-bearing conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the germination characteristics through the temperature change treatment compared to the general room temperature immersion treatment of the native species, the Larix kaempferi, and the Berula platyphyllavar. japonica seeds, and to obtain basic data for the production of healthy seedlings with high productivity and efficiency. As a result, the germination rate of the larch seeds showed a significant difference according to room temperature and temperature immersion treatment, and the average germination days of the birch seeds showed a significant difference according to room temperature immersion and temperature immersion treatment. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in germinal uniformity. The results of the study are as follows. First, the results of the analysis of the fallen leaves were the highest germination rate in the treatment of 1.5 days of hot water and 1.5 days of cold water, the fastest germination rate, the lowest average germination day, and the highest germination uniformity. This is the best result in most items, and the change temperature immersion treatment of hot and cold baths was superior to the conventional room temperature immersion treatment. Second, the results of birch tree showed that the germination rate was the highest in 1.5 days of hot water and 1.5 days of cold water. The average germination day is 1.5 days of cold water 1.5 days of hot water 1.5 days, but the difference between 1.5 days of hot water and 1.5 days of cold water is 0.01 days. The highest germinated uniformity was found in 1.5 days of cold water and 1.5 days of hot water. As a result, in the case of larch and birch, the seed temperature immersion (1.5 days of hot water, 1.5 days of cold water) treatment is superior to the existing three-day immersion treatment in various analysis methods, and it is expected that productivity and efficiency can be improved at a low cost in a short period of time at the seedling production site through seeds.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.255-258
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• 2011

When kiwifruit root system infected with nematodes was treated by hot water dipping treatment, the maximum temperature for this treatment was suggested as $50^{\circ}C$. The lowest killing temperature of internal root-knot in the root tissue was $48^{\circ}C$. Consequently, root-knot nematodes could be killed without damaging root tissues by the hot water dipping treatment at $48^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes. This could be useful for organic production and distribution of kiwifruit seedlings by avoiding the synthetic nematicides which are not easily decomposed in soil once applied.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.32-32
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• 2003

최근 환경오염에 대한 문제가 심각해지면서 인체에 유해한 유기물질의 분해에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며 따라서 뛰어난 광촉매 특성을 보이는 타이태니아(TiO$_2$)에 대한 많은 연구가 수행되고있다. 타이태니아가 보이는 결정상 중에는 brookite, anatse, rutile이 있는데 이 중에서 anatse 상이 가장 우수한 광촉매 특성을 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 anatse 상을 얻기 위해서는 $600^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도로 열처리를 해야 한다는 문제점이 있으며 광촉매 특성을 향상시키기 위해서는 anantase 나노결정을 제조하여 표면적을 극대화시 키는 것이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러 한 두 가지 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 Polyethylen oxide(PEO)-TiO$_2$ 나노하이브리드를 Sol-Gel공정을 이용하여 합성하였으며 이들에 대한 hot-water treatment를 통하여 10$0^{\circ}C$ 이하의 저온에서 anatase 나노결정상의 분말을 합성하는데 성공하였다. 이는 SiO$_2$-TiO$_2$계 하이브리드에서만 hot-water treatment를 통하여 anatase로 결정화가 가능하다는 기존의 연구결과와 상반되는 결과로서 무기질 성분으로서 TiO$_2$만 존재하는 하이브리드에 대한 hoi-water treatment를 통하여 anatase결정상이 형성될 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

In preparing sodium alginates from sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) powder using the Mexican process, alkaline extraction, conversion to alginic acid and reversion to sodium alginates were used to increase purity. The effect of hot water treatment and dialysis on measuring the average molecular weight of sodium alginates were investigated. Intrinsic viscosity and average molecular weight of sodium alginates after dialysis were higher than those before dialysis. Average molecular weight of sodium alginates treated with hot water was higher than that without. Hot treatment has little effect on the ash content of sodium alginates. Ash content of sodium alginates before dialysis were $27-30\%$ those after dialysis were $10\%.$ After dialysis, Na content was highest $(89-91\%),$ K was $11-12\%,$ Ca was $1.9\%,$ and Mg was $0.05\%.$ Ash content of alginates had little effect on average molecular weight. SAV (slope of apparent viscosity) of alginates solution after dialysis showed higher values than before. SAV of the alginates with hot water treatment were higher than without treatment.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.487-491
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of treatment with squeous chlorine dioxide and hot water on the germination of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds, and reduction of microbial load on the seeds. Increases in treatment and the concentration of aqueous chlorine dioxide in water resulted in increasing reductions in the counts of total aerobic microbes. Seeds treated with aqueous chlorine dioxide (100 ppm/20min, 200ppm/20min) showed about a 10-fold decrease in microbial loads. Germination of seeds was not adversely affected by any treatment tested, although the germination rate of seeds in the group treated at $55^{\circ}C$ for 20 min was reduced by 10% compared to that of control. Combined treatment with hot water and aqueous chlorine dioxide yielded better out comes in both microbial reduction and seed germination rate than did single treatments. A combined treatment with 100 ppm aqueous chlorine dioxide and hot water($45^{\circ}C$ or $50^{\circ}C$) resulted in about a 100-fold decrease in microbial load whereas germination rate showed only a slight increase to $97.0{\sim}97.7%$. Total aerobic microbial counts in radish seeds were decreased by aqueous chlorine dioxide and hot water treatment in the order. aqueous $CIO_2$+ hot water > aqueous $CIO_2$ > chlorinated water > hot water > control.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.55-68
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• 2008

Background: Microglia produces a barrage of factors (IL-l, TNF-$\alpha$, NO, superoxide) that are toxic to neurons and playa major role in the cellular immune response associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease(AD). OJaJiHwangEumJa(OJJHEJ) has been usually used for the treatment of senile disorders. For enhancing efficacy and convenience, the change of the drug delivery device of oriental herbal medicine is required. Objective: This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on proinflammatory cytokine of microglia and memory deficit model. Method: The effects of the OJJHEJ hot water extract on production of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS) were investigated. The effects of the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on the behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and AChE in serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine were investigated. Results: 1. The OJJHEJ hot water extract suppressed the production of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ in BV2 microglial cell line and the production of IL-6 was suppressed significantly. 2. The OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder decreased AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. 3. The OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine-induced impairment of memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. Conclusions: This experiment shows that the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder might be effective for the prevention and treatment of memory impairment diseases. Investigation into the clinical use of the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.364-374
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• 2015

This study investigated quality changes in fresh-cut burdocks treated with hot water and anti-browning agents. The combined treatment using both heat treatment and anti-browning agents delayed the browning of burdocks, especially for those dipped in hot water and a solution of green tea extract plus NaCl. This treatment reduced the respiration rate and inhibited the growth of microorganisms more than heat treatment alone. The organoleptic quality of burdocks treated with the combined method proved to be the best according to sensory evaluation. Hence, this combined treatment using heat and anti-browning agents can enhance overall quality of processed fresh-cut root vegetables by browning inhibition and shelf-life extension.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1044-1054
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• 2020

This study was performed to investigate the effects of lotus leaf hot water extracts treatment on the quality and stability of eggs using impregnation treatment through ultrasonication during storage. A total of 480 eggs were categorized into four treatment groups (n=30 each)-non-treated (CON), soaked for 30 min in lotus leaf hot water extracts without ultrasonication (T1), sonicated in distilled water (T2), and sonicated in lotus leaf hot water extracts (T3)-and stored for 15 d at 30℃. The egg weight, Haugh unit (HU), egg grade, albumen height, yolk color, eggshell thickness, eggshell breaking strength, and weight loss were measured for egg quality assessment. 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) contents were measured as stability indicators. Additionally, total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were evaluated. The HU, egg grade, albumen height, and yolk color of T3 were significantly higher than those of CON (p<0.05). No significant differences in eggshell thickness and eggshell breaking strength are observed among the groups. The weight loss of T3 was significantly lower than that of the other groups during storage (p<0.05). The application of lotus leaf hot water extracts also significantly reduced TBARS and VBN (p<0.05). The TPC, TFC, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of T3 were significantly higher than those of the other groups (p<0.05). These results suggest that lotus leaf hot water extracts may be useful as a natural ingredient for improving the quality and stability of eggs during storage.