• 한국포장학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2002

PET $16{\mu}m/dry$ lamination/Al-foil $7{\mu}m/dry$ lamination/CPP $80{\mu}m$의 사양으로 2개 업체에서 제조된 포장용 복합필름에서 제품 충전공정 중에서 발생한 열접착 트러블의 원인을 규명하고자 복합필름을 분리하여 각각의 두께와 재질이 제시된 사양과 일치하는지를 관능검사와 IR, DSC로 측정한 결과 1개 업체의 것이 차단층의 두께가 다르고 열접착층 필름의 재질은 비슷한 것임을 알았고, 시험기로 찾은 최적 열접착조건은 $195^{\circ}C$와 $210^{\circ}C$로 $15^{\circ}C$의 차이를 보였으며 이를 종형 4면 액체충전포장기로 직접 충전 포장하였을 때의 봉지의 열접착 강도를 비교한 결과 최적 열접착 조건 $195^{\circ}C$의 것은 평균 $4.76kg/cm^2/15mm,\;210^{\circ}C$의 것은 평균 $3.84kg/cm^2/15mm$이었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color penetration of cavity margin with composite resin restorations in some Korean foods substance-soy sauce and hot bean paste. Fifty specimans which were extracted caries free third molar of young adults recently. All of the prepared 100 cavities were filled with two kinds of composite resin (Hipol$^{(R)}$and Restodent$^{(R)}$). The experimental specimans were divided into five groups by the following procedures. Group I : Filling of composite resin and polishing. Group II : Filling, polishing, etching of cavity and sealing. Group III : Etching, sealing, filling and polishing. Group IV : Etching, sealing, filling, polishing, and repeated of etching of cavity margin and sealing. Group V : Etching, sealing, filling, polishing, and sealing again without etching. Before examination, the restorated teeth were subjected to thermal cycling ($4^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$). All the specimens were immersed in soy and 30% hot bean paste solution under $37^{\circ}C$ incubator during six weeks. Then, the specimens were sectioned bucco-lingually through the center of two restorations with diamond disk and examined under a. metallographic microscope. (Union 6617 U.S.A.) Thereafter, the degree of color penetration was calculated and analyzed. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The color penetration was the lowest in the procedure of Group III which was acid etching, sealing, composite resing filling, and polishing. 2. The color penetration occured in soy and hot bean paste, but the degree of penetration was not so significant statistically between them. 3. The degree of color penetration was not so significant statistically between Hipol$^{(R)}$ and Restondent$^{(R)}$.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.222-232
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of heated spreader on the sealing ability of lateral condensation, compared with regular cold spreader. Forty two extracted human teeth with single canal were randomly placed into 3 experimental groups, and four additional teeth were used as positive and negative controls. Each group was prepared with Ni-Ti Profile #40 using step-down technique and obturated with standardized colored gutta-percha cone by standard(cold) lateral condensation technique, warm lateral condensation technique with Endotec and hot spreader soaked in glass bead sterilizer, each with Sealapex sealer. Control groups were not obturated, but prepared. After 2 days in 2% methylene blue, the teeth were invested and made into transparent resin blocks. And then, each block was sectioned horizontally with microtome at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm levels from the apex. The linear extent of dye penetration was examined with stereomicroscope at ${\times}$20 magnification. At each of 5 levels, ratio of the area of gutta-percha was obtained by calculating the area of gutta-percha to the total area of the canal. The data collected were then analyzed statistically using an analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Scheffe test. The results were as follows ; 1. All experimental groups produced the apical microleakage. 2. The mean leakage was 1.57${\pm}$0.76mm for cold spreader group, 0.86${\pm}$0.95mm for Endotec spreader group, and 0.64${\pm}$0.93mm for hot spreader group. The difference between hot spreader group and cold spreader group was statistically significant(p<0.05). 1. At the 1 mm level, the mean ratio of area of gutta-percha was 74.58${\pm}$13.15(%) for cold spreader group, 65.42${\pm}$14.62(%) for Endotec spreader group, and 80.72${\pm}$14.63(%) for hot spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between hot spreader group and Endotec spreader group(p<0.05). 2. At the 2mm level, the mean ratio of area of gutta-percha was 87.86${\pm}$11.22(%) for cold spreader group, 66.55${\pm}$14.02(%) for Endotec spreader group, and 92.93${\pm}$7.24(%) for hot spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between Endotec spreader group and other two spreader groups(p<0.05). 3. At the level 3, 4, 5 mm, there was no statistically significant difference between each group. Within the limits of the results of this experiment, warm lateral condensation technique with hot spreader soaked in a glass bead sterilizer demonstrated favorable apical sealing effect and improved density of gutta-percha mass. Thus, it is thought that this obturation technique is effective for clinical use and beneficial to reduce condensation forces, also economical and easy. Lateral condensation, Heated spreader, canal sealing, Microleakage.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2009

Elastomeric O-rings have been the most common seals due to their excellent sealing capacity, and availability in costs and sizes. One of the critical applications of O-ring seals is solid rocket motor joint seal where the operating hot gas must be sealed during the combustion. This has long been a design issue to avoid the system failure. For laterally constrained, squeezed and pressurized condition, deformed shape of O-ring was measured by computed tomography method and CCD laser sensor, compared with numerical calculations. As clearance gap changes, sealing performance had been evaluated on peak contact stresses at top, bottom and side contact surfaces. As clearance gap increases, peak contact stresses and contact widths in top and side contact surfaces increase, and the asymmetry of stress distributions is promoted due to pressure increase. It is suggested that peak stress of bottom contact surface can be approximated by simple superposition of peak ones due to squeeze and pressure. Under pressurized condition, sealing performance is dependent on not peak stresses of bottom and side contact surfaces but that of top.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 압력용기의 밀봉성과 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있는 O-링 그루브 형상의 온도분포와 변형거동 특성에 대한 연구를 수행하고자 한다. 압력용기에 작용하는 온도는 히터에 의해 가열되고, 압력은 가스 압축기에 의해 가압된다. 결국, 압력용기는 제한된 작업기간동 안 높은 압력과 높은 온도를 유지해야 한다 이러한 작동조건에서 압력용기의 가스는 구형 그루브에 설치된 두 개의 O-링에 의해 대기중으로 누출되지 말아야 한다. 유한요소해석 결과에 의하면, 압력용기의 밀봉성을 확보하기 위해서는 메탈 시일 소재의 열적, 기계적 특성이 대단히 우수해야 한다는 사실을 지적하고 있다 즉, 메탈 시일 소재는 높은 열전도 계수와 낮은 기계적 강도를 유지해야 밀봉성을 유지하는데 유리하다. 이러한 소재는 O-링을 설치하는 구형 그루브의 밀봉간극이나 그루브의 폭을 줄여줄 수 있기 때문에 압력용기의 밀봉특성을 향상시키게 된다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.22-33
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• 2005

폐타이어 분말(GRT)을 재활용하기 위하여 sheet type 4그룹과 soft type 1그룹의 자체보수성 방수재를 제조하였다. 각각 방수재의 방수특성을 고찰하기 위하여 방수재들의 물성을 측정하였다. 방수재는 GRT/ 고흡수성수지/ binder로 구성되었으며, internal mixer로 혼합한 후 hot press로 성형하여 제조 되었다. 방수재 제조에 사용된 CRT의 평균입도는 -40mesh 이었고, 고흡수성 수지는 상용품과 poly(AM-SAS-AA)를 제조하여 사용하였고, binder는 PU, EVA, LDPE, SBR, poly(2-EHA)을 사용하였다. 또한 방수재의 물성을 향상시키기 위하여 보강재로 PU film을 사용하였다. 폐타이어 분말을 이용하여 개발된 sheet type 자체보수성 방수재 중 GRT/ CE-500F/EV-600/PU film 과 GRT/GE-500F/SBR(vulcanization)/PU film 로 구성된 방수재가 기존 상용제품의 물성에 근접하였다. 또한 soft type 방수재는 GRT/GE-500F/Poly(2-EHA)와 GRT/P(AM-SAS-AA)/Poly(2-EHA)로 구성된 방수재가 상용제품의 흡수능보다 4-20배의 개선된 결과를 나타내었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.1349-1354
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• 2013

고온의 가스유로를 조절하는 개폐식(On-Off)밸브의 구동축과 라이너 사이에 위치하여 구동장치로의 고온 가스유입을 방지하는 기밀 소재에 대하여 연구하였다. 기밀 소재로 사용된 그라파이트(Graphite)는 구동장치에 의한 구동축의 지속적인 움직임으로 인해 마모가 발생한다. 본 논문은 고온가스 조절 밸브 내의 기밀 소재로 사용된 그라파이트(Graphite, HK-6)에 대한 상 고온 마모 특성을 평가하였다. 구동축의 소재인 레늄합금(W-25Re)에 대하여 그라파이트의 마모 시험을 수행하고 마찰계수와 비마모율을 비교하였다. 상온과 실제 작동 환경인 고온 $485^{\circ}C$에서 미끄럼속도와 접촉하중의 변화에 따른 마찰계수와 비마모율을 평가하였다. 마모표면의 SEM 분석을 통하여 상 고온 마모표면에 관찰되는 third body 를 확인하고 이로 인한 윤활효과를 고찰하였다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2015

Hot tensile tests were conducted at different temperatures ranging from $20^{\circ}C$ to $550^{\circ}C$ to evaluate the mechanical properties of Al5052 seamless tubes. Such tubes can provide the technological foundation for complex forming using hot air bulging. Hot air bulging is one of the recently developed hydroforming techniques and it has some limitations in terms of cycle times. The benefits of hot air bulging are weight and cost savings through part consolidation and reduced post-forming processes such as welding and piercing. In order to extend the forming limits of Al lightweight material hot air bulging was investigated. A heated tube was placed in a heated die and sealed at the ends by sealing cylinders. The heated tube was subsequently expanded against the die cavity wall by internal pressure using air medium. The results of the current study show that axial feeding speed and air pressure have an effect on the formability of Al tubes during air bulging at elevated temperatures.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2010

This paper deals with the sealing mechanism of the gasket component and the effects of design parameters for the exhaust manifold. The finite element model includes hot-end exhaust system and a simplified gasket model supplied by ABAQUS software. The mechanical behaviors of bead and body of a gasket are measured after several times of cyclic loads by gasket supplier. From the finite element analysis due to the cyclic thermal loads, the flange of exhaust manifold shows thermal expansion and contraction in longitudinal direction as well as convex and concave deformations with respect to the engine cylinder head. And, the contact pressures of the gasket beads suddenly changes by normal deformation of inlet flanges. Therefore, the magnitudes of contact pressures could be used to determine the sealing characteristics of the exhaust gas in the exhaust system. The distributions of contact pressures in gasket bead lines shows a good agreement with the engine test results.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

PURPOSES : In order to evaluate a crack resistance at cold joint, sealing tape was adopted to apply at cold joint instead of typical tack coat material(RSC-4). The sealing tape was made by hot sealing material. The crack resistance as function of environmental and traffic loading was measured with visual observation. METHODS : In this study, the crack resistance was evaluated as function of environmental and traffic loading. The freeze-thaw method was adopted for environmental loading of asphalt pavement. condition. The damage of cold joint under freeze-thaw action is initiated by ice expansion load and accelerated by the interfacial damage between new and old asphalt pavement. The traffic loading was applied with wheel tracking machine on the cold joint area of the asphalt pavement for 3 hours at $25^{\circ}C$. The evaluation of crack resistance was measured with visual observation. The freeze-thaw results shows that the sealing tape was significantly increased the crack resistance based on. RESULTS : To estimate the crack resistance at cold joint area due to the environmental loading, the Freeze-thaw test was conducted by exposing the product to freezing temperature(approximately $-18^{\circ}C$) for 24 hours, and then allowing it to thaw at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The tack coat material(RSC-4) was debonded after 21 cycles of the Freeze-thaw test. The first crack was observed after 14 freeze-thaw cycle with RSC-4 material. But, the sealing tape was not debonded after 24 cycle test. Also, the sealing tape shows the better performance of the crack resistance under the traffic loading with wheel track test. The crack was generated the under traffic loading with RSC-4(tack coating), however, the crack was not shown with sealing tape. It indicates that the sealing tape has a strong resistance of tensile stress due to traffic loading. CONCLUSIONS :Based on limited laboratory test result, a performance of crack resistance using the sealing tape is better than that of general tack coat material(RSC-4). It means that the sealing tape is possible to extend a pavement service life because the crack, one of the main pavement distresses, will be delayed.