• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1984

In hot pressed wood of Pseudotsuga menziesii compressed to 0 - 50 percent at temperature 60 - $180^{\circ}C$, relative humidity conditions affecting dynamic Young's modulus of elasticity and internal friction were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Moisture absorption of the hot pressed wood decreased with increasing press temperature, but there was no effect on the amount of compression. Thickness swelling dereased with increasing press temperature, and increased with increasing amount of compression. In general, dynamic Young's modulus of elasticity showed a straight line with increasing specific gravity of specimens. Dynamic Young's modulus of elasticity decreased with increasing moisture content, but internal friction increased with increasing amount of moisture content. Dynamic Young's modulus of R specimens pressed in the radial direction showed hight values than T specimens pressed in the tangential direction.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.232-240
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• 1992

Densification behavior, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties of hot-pressed specimens using $\beta$-SiC and $\alpha$-SiC powder with Al2O3 additive were studied. Beta-SiC powder was fully densified as 205$0^{\circ}C$, but $\alpha$-SiC powder was at 210$0^{\circ}C$. The maximum flexural strength and the fracture toughness of the specimen hot-pressed using $\beta$-SiC powder were 681 MPa and 6.7 MPa{{{{ SQRT {m } }}, and thosevalues of specimen hot-pressed using $\alpha$-SiC powder were 452 MPa and 4.7 MPa{{{{ SQRT {m } }}, respectively. The strength superiority of specimen hot-pressed using $\beta$-SiC powder was due to the finer grain size, and higher density. The higher toughness of specimen hot-pressed using $\beta$-SiC powder than $\alpha$-SiC powder than $\alpha$-SiC powder was due to the crack deflection mechanism arised from the difference of thermal expansion coefficient between $\alpha$ and $\beta$-SiC phases which were co-existed in the sintered body.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.558-564
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• 1992

The effect of composed phase in the hot pressed CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramic has been investigated through microstructure studies, thermal, physical and mechanical properties. Sintering was done in the condition at the temperature range 900~95$0^{\circ}C$ for 20~120 mins under 7.5 MPa unilateral pressure. Sintered ceramics were composed of diopside, anorthite, residual glass and the portion of each phase was dependent on the sintering temperature and the holding time: as the temperature increases, the amount of diopside increased and then the rate of increase of diopside reduced with increasing anorthite. The thermal expansion coefficient of hot pressed was reduced with increasing crystallinity of hot pressed and was in the range of 6.69~7.46$\times$10-6 K-1 below $600^{\circ}C$. The elastic constant of hot pressed increased with increasing crystallinity up to about 80%, but after that was reduced due to the change of microstructure. The flexural strength of sintered ceramics was decreased with higher temperature and holding time, while the fracture toughness of those increased. It was shown that the physical and mechanical properties of hot pressed ceramic were related to the fraction of composed sintered ceramics, similar to a particulate composite, to the crystallinity of 80% of the glass-ceramic.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2013

We investigated the characteristics of hot-pressed pure yttria ceramics, and annealed them in an oxidation atmosphere. Regardless of the heat treatment in the oxidation atmosphere, XRD analysis showed that all the samples had a $Y_2O_3$ phase without structural change. Even though the color variation of the hot-pressed $Y_2O_3$ ceramics was due to the sintering temperatures, the oxidation process turned the color of the $Y_2O_3$ ceramics into white. The color change during oxidation treatment appears to be related to oxygen defects. In addition, oxygen defects also affected the weight change and microstructure of the $Y_2O_3$ ceramics. The $Y_2O_3$ ceramic sintered at $1600^{\circ}C$ had a $5.03g/cm^3$ density, which is close to the theoretical density of $Y_2O_3$. As the sintering temperature increased, small homogeneous grains grew to large grains which affected the Vickers hardness. $Y_2O_3$ ceramics hot-pressed at $1600^{\circ}C$ and annealed at $1200^{\circ}C$ had a flexural strength of 140MPa.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2010

n형 $Bi_2(Te,Se)_3$ 분말을 용해/분쇄법으로 제조하여 가압소결 후, 가압소결체의 열전특성을 $Bi_2(Te,Se)_3$ 잉곳과 비교하였으며, $Bi_2(Te,Se)_3$ 열전분말의 기계적 밀링처리가 가압소결체의 열전특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. $Bi_2(Te,Se)_3$ 잉곳은 $24.2{\times}10^{-4}W/m-K^2$의 power factor를 나타내었으며, 이를 가압소결함으로써 power factor가 $27.3{\sim}32.3{\times}10^{-4}W/m-K^2$로 향상되었다. 기계적 밀링처리한 분말로 제조한 $Bi_2(Te,Se)_3$ 가압소결체는 $100^{\circ}C$에서 1.02의 무차원 성능지수를 나타내었으며, $130^{\circ}C$에서 외인성-내인성 천이거동을 나타내었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.855-862
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• 1992

Thermoelectric power, electrical conductivity and Hall effect were measured, as functions of temperature in the range of 100 to 600 K, on polycrystalline Bi4/3Sb2/3Te3 which had been prepared via uniaxial hot-pressing at different temperatures in the range of 373 K to 773 K, aiming at searching a profitable processing route to a polycrystalline thermoelectric material, a promising, viable alternative to a single crystalline one. It was found that, with increasing temperature of pressing under a fixed pressure, the material, normally a p-type prior to being hot-pressed, underwent a transition to n-type. This transition was confirmed to be due to plastic deformation during hot-pressing and interpreted as being attributed to the change of the major ionic defect BiTe' into TeBi˙at temperature high enough for structure elements mobility. Thermoelectric figure-of-merit of the hot-pressed material was discussed in connection with the p-n transition in addition to microstructure.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1021-1029
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• 1994

SiC ultrafine particles of 1, 10, 20 and 30 vol% were dispersed in $\alpha$-Si3N4 matrix and hot-pressed under the condition of 30 MPa at 1800 and 190$0^{\circ}C$ respectively. Physical, mechanical properties and microstructures of sintered Si3N4-SiC nanocomposites were investigated. Flexural strength and density of Si3N4-10 vol% SiC nanocomposites hot-pressed at 190$0^{\circ}C$ represented the 1002 MPa and 97.9%T.D respectively, and it was confirmed as a remarkable improvement of 67% compared to Si3N4 monolith. Fracture toughness was shown as 7.2 MPa.m1/2 when the same composition was hot pressed at 180$0^{\circ}C$. This effect was supposed to be due to the improvement of microstructure by the adequate suppression of the excessive growth of Si3N4 grain with SiC nano-particles.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.915-920
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• 1997

Tetragonal ZrO2 polycrystal (TZP), consisted of 90.24 mol% ZrO2-5.31 mol% Y2O3-4.45 mol% Nb2O5, were prepared using hot-press and mechanical properties and high-temperature degradation were investigated. The specimen, hot-pressed for 1 h at 140$0^{\circ}C$ in Ar atmosphere, exhibited flexural strength of 1010 MPa and fracture toughness of 7.5 MPam1/2 and experienced no low-temperature degradation below 40$0^{\circ}C$. However, as aged for 100h at temperatures higher than 40$0^{\circ}C$, TZP was suffered by high-temperature degradation due to an extensive cavitation caused by the oxidation of carbon. XPS observation revealed that the carbon incorporated in TZPs during hot-pressing exists as either an ether-type CO or a carbonyl-type C=O. Despite of the high-temperature degradation of t-ZrO2 co-doped with Y2O3 and Nb2O5, its flexural strength and fracture toughness were superior to those of the commercial 3 mol% Y2O3-TZP hot-pressed under the identical condition as determined before and after the aging treatments.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 1999

Si3N4-TiC composites have been known as electrically conductive ceramics. $Si_3N_4-TiC$ composites with 2 wt% $Al_2O_3$ and 4 wt% $Y_2O_3$ were hot pressed in $N_2$ environment. The mechanical properties including hardness, fracture toughness, and flexural strength and tribological properties were investigated as a function of TiC content. $Si_3N_4-40$ vol% TiC composite was hot pressed at $1,750^{\circ}C$, $1,800^{\circ}C$, and $1,850^{\circ}C$ for 1, 3 and 5 hours in $N_2$ gas. Mechanical and tribolgical properties depended on microstructures, which were controlled by hte TiC content, hot press temperature, and hot press holding time. However, mechanical properties and tribological behaviors were degraded by the chemical reaction between TiC and N. The chemically reacted products such as TiCN, SiC, and $SiO_2$ were detered by the X-ray diffraction analysis.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.777-783
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• 1994

Oxidation behavior of hot-pressed silicon nitride ceramics with various sintering additives has been investigated. The weight gain of each specimens has shown in the range of 0.11 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ ~3.4 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at 140$0^{\circ}C$ for 192 h and eleven compositions have shown good oxidation resistance with the weight gain below 0.5 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The oxidation rate has been shown to obey the parabolic rate law and the oxidized surface has consisted of $\alpha$-cristobalite and M2Si2O7 or MSiO3 (M=rare earth or transition metals) phase. The oxidation rate of each specimens has related to the eutectic temperature between additive oxide and SiO2, and ionic radius of additive oxides, respectively. From the above results, it could be concluded that the oxidation behavior of hot pressed silicon nitride is dominated by the high temperature properties of grain boundary glassy phase and the high temperature properties of grain boundary glassy phase are affected by the ionic radius of additive oxides.