• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.46.1-46.1
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• 2017

Late-type galaxies falling into a cluster would evolve being influenced by the interactions with both the cluster and the nearby cluster member galaxies. Most numerical studies, however, tend to focus on the effects of the former with little work done on those of the later. We thus perform numerical study on the evolution of a late-type galaxy falling radially toward the cluster center interacting with neighbouring early-type galaxies, using N-body, hydrodynamical simulations. Based on the information about the typical galaxy encounters obtained by using the galaxy catalog of Coma cluster, we run the simulations for the cases where a Milky Way Galaxy-like late-type galaxy, flying either edge-on or face-on, experiences six consecutive collisions with twice more massive early-type galaxies having hot gas in their halos. Our simulations show that the evolution of the late-type galaxy can be significantly affected by the high-speed multiple collisions with the early-type galaxies, such as on the cold gas content and the star formation activity, particularly through the hydrodynamic interactions between the cold disk and the hot gas halos. By comparing our simulation results with those of others, we claim that the role of the galaxy-galaxy interactions on the evolution of late-type galaxies in clusters could be comparable with that of the galaxy-cluster interactions, depending on the dynamical history.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 2014

How to transfer spatial data from server to client in wireless broadcasting environment is shown as following: A server arranges data information that client wants and transfers data by one-dimensional array for broadcasting cycle. Client listens data transferred by the server and returns resulted value only to server. Recently number of users using location-based services is increasing alongside number of objects, and data volume is changing into large amount. Large volume of data in wireless broadcasting environment may increase query time of client. Therefore, we propose Client based Data Scheduling (CDS) for efficient data scheduling in wireless broadcasting environment. CDS divides map and then calculates total sum of objects for each grid by considering number of objects and data size within divided grids. It carries out data scheduling by applying hot-cold method considering total data size of objects for each grid and number of client. It's proved that CDS reduces average query processing time for client compared to existing method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.60-66
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• 2020

This paper presents a method for improving the selection of boundary areas suitable for Korea's situation based on domestic and foreign case studies on the establishment of boundary areas to protect people and the environment from chemical substances in response to chemical accidents and chemical terrorism. Currently, various related ministries are divided into hot zones, warm zones, and cold zones in common, but in specific areas, they are used in different ways in terms of terminology utilization. Therefore, it was suggested that the boundary areas be divided into four zones: hot zone, warm zone, cold zone, and safety zone. In addition, the terms warm zone and safety zone should be re-established. The existing ERPG acute exposure standard does not take into account various exposure times. Therefore, it is unsuitable for long-term exposure, so the priority of application should be AEGL, ERPG, PAC, and IDLHs. The CARIS information provision method is classified into substances that can or cannot be diffused or classified as indoor leaks. In addition, the wind direction trust line and the ERG's initial separation distance and protective action distance are expressed together so that they can be used for accident responses.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.53-67
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• 1988

The high temperature corrosion of Fe-C alloys were studied at I atm SO gas in the temperature range 500~80$0^{\circ}C$ by means of a thermogravimetric analysis. The Na2SO4 induced high tempwrature corrosion rate was also measured at atm O2 gas under above the temperature renge. The reaction products were identified with the aid of X-ray diffraction technique, and micostruction of the alloy/scale interface was observed with a optical microscope and SEM. The experimental results were disussed by the themodeynamic calcutions. Under above the experimental condition. the reaction rates decrbon with increasing carbon content. The transfer of Fe ion was limited by a residue of carbon precipitated at alloy scale interface due to the oxidation of Fe-C alloys at alloy surface. The effect of cold working on reaction rate was different between the Fe containing low carbon and Fe-C Alloy containing carbon above 0,73 wt%. In a cold worked iron containing low carbon content, the crystallization of metal surface leads to the poor adherence between the alloy and the cavity formed between the alloy and scale. The outward diffusion of ion through the scale is estimated to be hindered by the cavity formed between the scale, consequently decreasing reaction rate. In the case Fe-C containing carbon above 0.73 Wt% alloy, the reaction rate was little affected by cold working, because the effect of content on reaction rats is greater than the effect of cold working.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of the thermal environment, and to analyze the relationship between the thermal reactions and the skin temperatures in the lying position in the radiant floor heating system. The results are as follows: 1) The globe temperature was nearly equal to the operative temperature in the room. 2) The floor surface temperature and the globe temperature were 26.4$^{\circ}C$ and 23.6$^{\circ}C$, respectively when the whole body temperature was at neutral point. 3) The mean temperature of the six skin parts was 31.3$^{\circ}C$ (cold thermal environment); 34.1$^{\circ}C$ (neutral thermal environment); 35.1$^{\circ}C$ (hot thermal environment).

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.207-212
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• 2020

The amount of data has increased significantly due to advances in technology, and various big data processing platforms are emerging, to handle it. Among them, the most widely used platform is Hadoop developed by the Apache Software Foundation, and Hadoop is also used in the IoT field. However, the existing Hadoop-based IoT sensor data collection and analysis environment has a problem of overloading the name node due to HDFS' Small File, which is Hadoop's core project, and it is impossible to update or delete the imported data. This paper uses Apache Kudu and Impala to design Lambda Architecture. The proposed Architecture classifies IoT sensor data into Cold-Data and Hot-Data, stores it in storage according to each personality, and uses Batch-View created through Batch and Real-time View generated through Apache Kudu and Impala to solve problems in the existing Hadoop-based IoT sensor data collection analysis environment and shorten the time users access to the analyzed data.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.659-668
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to propose a ventilation corridor management plan to improve the thermal environment for Busan Metropolitan City. To this end, the characteristics of hot and cool spots in Busan were identified by conducting spatial statistical analysis, and thermal image data from Landsat-7 satellites and major ventilation corridors were analyzed through WRF meteorological simulation. The results showed the areas requiring thermal environment improvement among hot spot areas were Busanjin-gu, Dongnae-gu, industrial areas in Yeonje-gu and Sasang-gu, and Busan Port piers in large-scale facilities. The main ventilation corridor was identified as Geumjeongsan Mountain-Baekyangsan Mountain-Gudeoksan Mountain Valley. Based on the results, the ventilation corridor management strategy is suggested as follows. Industrial facilities and the Busan Port area are factors that increase the air temperature and worsen the thermal environment of the surrounding area. Therefore, urban and architectural plans are required to reduce the facility's temperature and consider the ventilation corridor. Areas requiring ventilation corridor management were Mandeok-dong and Sajik-dong, and they should be managed to prevent further damage to the forests. Since large-scale, high-rise apartment complexes in areas adjacent to forests interfere with the flow of cold and fresh air generated by forests, the construction of high-rise apartment complexes near Geumjeongsan Mountain with the new redevelopment of Type 3 general residential area should be avoided. It is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data for urban planning and environmental planning in response to climate change in Busan Metropolitan City.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.649-655
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• 2005

Automotive exhaust is suspected to be one of the main reasons of the rapid increase in greenhouse effect gases in ambient air. Although methane emissions are generally orders of magnitude lower than emissions of $CO_{2}$, the global warming potential (GWP) of methane is greater than that of $CO_{2}$. The environmental impact of methane emissions from vehicles is negligible and is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. In this study, in order to investigate greenhouse gas emission characteristics from gasoline passenger cars, 20 vehicles were tested on the chassis dynamometer and methane emissions were measured. The emission characteristics by model year, mileage, vehicle speed were discussed. Test mode is CVS-15 mode that have been used to regulate for light-duty vehicle in Korea. It was found that $CH_{4}$ emissions showed higher for cold start, old model year and long mileage than hot start, new model year and short mileage, respectively. These results were compared with IPCC emission factors and the overall our results were anticipated to contribute for domestic greenhouse gas emissions calculation.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.426-431
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• 2015

The advantages of a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) are the compactness and efficiency derived from its heat-transfer characteristics; furthermore, a PCHE for which a diffusion bonding method was used during production can be applied to extreme environments such as a cryogenic condition. In this study, a micro-channel PCHE fabricated by diffusion bonding was investigated in a cryogenic environment regarding its thermal performance and the pressure drop. The test rig consists of an LN2 storage tank, vaporizers, heaters, and a cold box, whereby the vaporized cryogenic nitrogen flows in hot and cold streams. The overall heat-transfer coefficients were evaluated and compared with traditional correlations. Lastly, we suggested the modified heat-transfer correlations for a PCHE in a cryogenic condition.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.278-283
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• 2016

Due to explosive increase in the amount of data produced recently, cloud storage system is required to offer high and stable performance. However, VM (Virtual Machine) migration may result in lowered storage service performance. Especially, in an environment where the host-side flash cache is used in a cloud system, the existing warmed up cache is lost and the problematic cold start begins at a new cache due to a VM migration. In this paper, we first demonstrate and analyze the cold start problem and then propose Cachemior (Cache migrator) which enables efficient hot start of the flash cache.