• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.912-924
• /
• 2002

Disease susceptibility is linked to nutritional status for a wide range of human and animal diseases. Nutritional status can influence both resistance (ability to resist the pathogen) and resilience (ability to tolerate or ameliorate the effects of the pathogen). This review focuses on the nutritional modulation of gastro-intestinal nematode infection in domestic ruminants, primarily sheep. It highlights the duality of the adverse consequences of infection on host nutritional status and the adverse consequences of poor host nutritional status on resistance to infection. Central to both phenomena is the complex, gut-based immune response to gastrointestinal nematode infection. The potential for strategic nutritional supplementation to enhance host resistance and resilience is reviewed together with recent findings on responses to increased ME supply, and long term effects on host immunity of short term protein supplementation.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.133-144
• /
• 2008

Clusters have become a popular alternative for building high-performance parallel computing systems. Today's high-performance system area network (SAN) protocols such as VIA and IBA significantly reduce user-to-user communication latency by implementing protocol stacks outside of operating system kernel. However, emerging parallel applications require a significant improvement in communication latency. Since the time required for transferring data between host memory and network interface (NI) make up a large portion of overall communication latency, the reduction of data transfer time is crucial for achieving low-latency communication. In this paper, Eager Data Transfer (EDT) mechanism is proposed to reduce the time for data transfers between the host and network interface. The EDT employs cache coherence interface hardware to directly transfer data between the host and NI. An EDT-based network interface was modeled and simulated on the Linux-based, complete system simulation environment, Linux/SimOS. Our simulation results show that the EDT approach significantly reduces the data transfer time compared to DMA-based approaches. The EDTbased NI attains 17% to 38% reduction in user-to-user message time compared to the cache-coherent DMA-based NIs for a range of message sizes (64 bytes${\sim}$4 Kbytes) in a SAN environment.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.279-288
• /
• 2014

Red algal parasites are common within red algae and are mostly closely related to their hosts, but have a reduced habit. In the past, red algal parasites, due to their reduced morphology, have been given distinct generic names, even though they are often phylogenetically nested in their host's genus. This is a problem nomenclaturally for maintenance of a taxonomy based on monophyly. This study investigates the morphology, genetic variation and distribution of an undescribed red algal parasite growing on its host Rhodophyllis membranacea, widely distributed throughout New Zealand. Microscopy, molecular markers (plastid, mitochondrial, nuclear), and herbarium investigation were used to investigate this species. The parasite is widely distributed throughout New Zealand. All molecular markers clearly show that the parasite is almost identical to the host, even though morphologically quite distinct from members of the host genus. We believe that to maintain monophyly of Rhodophyllis the parasite should be described as a new species of Rhodophyllis, Rhodophyllis parasitica sp. nov. We also recommend that in order to maintain generic monophyly most red algal parasite genera should also be transferred to their host genus.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.363-368
• /
• 2005

The brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum and its mutualistic, ascomycete symbiont, Mycophycias ascophylli, form a complex ‘rganism’or symbiotum. Here we show the interaction of the symbiotum to the abundant brown algal epiphyte, Elachista fucicola. Microscopy of field-collected plants shows morphological responses of A. nodosum to the common epiphyte E. fucicola. When E. fucicola attaches to A. nodosum a bundle of several to dozens of rhizoids penetrates into the host. On the surface of the host, the cells proliferate to form a donut-shaped ring, 100-200 μm in height that surrounds the thallus of E. fucicola. A pit forms in advance of the rhizoids and the cells of A. nodosum break down. This leaves the network of fungal hyphae partially intact and intermingling with the epiphyte rhizoids and its lowermost cells. After the pit is formed, the cells of A. nodosum bordering the infection chamber redifferentiate an epidermal layer. Neither the host nor its mutualistic fungus, M. ascophylli appears to recognize E. fucicola as an invader and to prevent the attachment and growth of this epiphyte. Based on the physical damage to the host caused by invading rhizoids, we conclude that the relationship of E. fucicola to A. nodosum is that of a parasite and its host.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.209-215
• /
• 2010

Plant pathogenic oomycetes, such as Phytophthora spp., are the causal agent of the most devastating plant diseases. During infection, these pathogens accomplish parasitic colonization of plants by modulating host defenses through an array of disease effector proteins. These effectors are classified in two classes based on their target sites in the host plant. Apoplastic effectors are secreted into the plant extracellular space, and cytoplasmic effectors are translocated inside the plant cell, through the haustoria that enter inside living host cell. Recent characterization of some oomycete Avr genes showed that they encode effector protein with general modular structure including N-terminal conserved RXLR-DEER motif. More detailed evidences suggest that these AVR effectors are secreted by the pathogenic oomycetes and then translocated into the host plant cell during infection. Recent findings indicated that one of the P. infestans effector, Avrblb2, specifically induces hypersensitive response (HR) in the presence of Solanum bulbocastanum late blight resistance genes Rpi-blb2. On the other hand, another secreted RXLR protein PexRD8 originated from P. infestans suppressed the HCD triggered by the elicitin INF1. In this review, we described recent progress in characterized RXLR effectors in Phytophthora spp. and their dual functions as modulators of host plant immunity.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.331-339
• /
• 2007

The problem of architecting a reliable transport system across an overlay network using split TCP connections as the transport primitive is mainly considered. The considered overlay network uses the application-level switch in each intermediate host. We first argue that natural designs based on store-and-forward principles that are maintained by split TCP connections of hop-by-hop approaches. These approaches in overlay networks do not concern end-to-end TCP semantics. Then, a new transport protocol-Overlay Transport Protocol (OTP)-that manages the end-to-end connection and is responsible for the congestion/flow control between source host and destination host is proposed. The proposed network model for the congestion and flow control mechanisms uses a new window size-Ownd-and a new timer in the source host and destination host. We validate our analytical findings and evaluate the performance of our OTP using a prototype implementation via simulation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제7권7호
• /
• pp.343-348
• /
• 2020

So far, research into multinational bank' overseas expansion has focused on foreign direct investment in the financial services industry. However, this study focused its existing theories on multinational banks on decision-making related to the type of overseas advancement of local financial institutions. For research, four environmental factors were considered: the scale of foreign direct investment, the scope of financial services that can be provided according to the rules of the host country, the corporate tax rate of the host country, and the level of development of the host country's banking industry. Through Kotra, data on the total amount of claims from 2010 to 2014 and the regulatory status for the country's financial industries were obtained. Hypothesis are built around theories and survey factors and has been demonstrated through regression analysis. Results show that Korean financial institutions tend to expand as legally independent subsidiaries where the corporate tax rate of the host country is relatively low. Contrary to the previous studies based on the U.S. banking corporates, results show that Korean banks tend to expand in forms of branches to the host countries with high level of banking system development.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2004

Modern production systems are very complex by request of automation, and failure modes that occur in thisautomatic system are very various and complex. The efficient fault diagnosis for these complex systems is essential for productivity loss prevention and cost saving. Traditional fault diagnostic system which perforns sequential fault diagnosis can cause catastrophic failure during diagnosis when fault propagation is very fast. This paper describes the Real-time Intelligent Multiple Fault Diagnosis System (RIMFDS). RIMFDS assesses current machine condition by using sensor signals. This system deals with multiple fault diagnosis, comprising of two main parts. One is a personal computer for remote signal generation and transmission and the other is a host system for multiple fault diagnosis. The signal generator generates various faulty signals and image information and sends them to the host. The host has various modules and agents for efficient multiple fault diagnosis. A SUN workstation is used as a host for multiple fault modules and agents for efficient multiple fault diagnosis. A SUN workstation is used as a host for multiple fault diagnosis and graphic representation of the results. RIMFDS diagnoses multiple faults with fast fault propagation and complex physical phenomenon. The new system based on multiprocessing diagnoses by using Hierarchical Artificial Neural Network (HANN).

• 동아시아경상학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of the relationship between host country image and cultural intelligence (CQ) on the attractiveness of expatriate destinations. Specifically, this study compares the different impacts of CQ on the relationship between host country image and subsidiary attractiveness by comparing a US-based subsidiary and a Vietnam-based one. Research design and methodology - A total of 445 Korean full-time workers responded through an online survey. The survey randomly showed the participants one of two conditions for a potential expatriate location. The participants were asked to answer a series of questions on the organizational attractiveness of the subsidiaries from the perspective of an expatriate candidate and respond to a series of questions on individual CQ. Results - Through a two-way ANOVA test, the results reveal that Korean expatriate candidates perceive that a Vietnam-based subsidiary is a less attractive destination for international assignment when compared to a US-based subsidiary. In addition, the positive moderating effect of cultural intelligence on the relationship between the host location and the subsidiary's attractiveness is stronger when Vietnam, rather than the US, is the assignment location. Conclusions - Drawing upon AUM theory, this study confirmed that unfavorable country image affects subsidiaries' attractiveness for expatriate candidates, due to anxiety. However, this study showed the role of employees' CQ to mitigate these challenges. This study suggests providing information on positive conditions of expatriate locations and building systematic process for enhancing individual CQ for organizations.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.28-53
• /
• 2024

원자력발전에 따라 필수적으로 발생하는 고준위방사성폐기물은 원자력발전이 시행된 나라 내 처분이 원칙이다. 고준위방사성폐기물의 심층처분을 위한 처분 지역과 모암의 결정은 과학적 방법뿐만 아니라 정치, 경제, 사회적으로 중요한 이슈이다. 현재까지 전 세계적으로 처분 모암으로 고려되는 암종은 결정질암, 퇴적암인 이암, 화산암인 응회암, 암염 등이 있다. 그러나 국내의 경우 지질학적으로 암염을 제외한 다양한 암종이 복잡하게 분포하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 고준위방사성페기물처분장의 처분 모암에 대한 다양한 암종 연구의 예비결과와 함께 전국규모의 지질학적, 암석역학적 특성을 분석하였을 뿐만 아니라, 후보 암종에 대한 심부 시추조사 사례들을 통하여 특성을 검토하고 처분 모암으로서 다양한 암종들의 가능성을 제시하고자 하였다. 또한 전국규모의 광역적 특성 분석, 문헌 조사, 상세 사례분석 등을 통하여 고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분을 위한 후보 암종으로 결정질암인 쥐라기 화강암과 백악기 퇴적암 중진주층과 진동층을 도출하였다. 그러나 본 논문에서 도출된 후보 암종들에 대해 연구된 자료의 양이 적기 때문에 처분심도, 지역적 특성, 다학제적인 검토 등에 대한 추가적이고 상세한 분석이 수행된 후 신중히 처분 암종이 결정되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.