• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.278-286
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• 2013

Phellinus xeranticus is an medicinal mushroom belongs to Family Hymenochaetaceae of Polyporales, Basidiomycota. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of methanol and hot water extracts prepared from fruiting bodies of Phellinus xeranticus. Besides measuring of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, a reducing power and a chelating activity on ferrous ions were also measured to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. To measure the anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts, nitric oxide(NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and carrageenan-induced acute hind paw edema of rats were investigated. The results showed that the extracts have excellent DPPH scavenging and chelating activity on the ferrous ions compared with positive controls. The nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were decreased as the concentration of the mushroom extracts increased. Significant reduction of paw edema of rats were observed at 2~6 h after treatment of methanol and hot-water extracts with 50 mg/kg concentration to the rats which are induced acute hind paw edema by carrageenan administration. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of the methanol extract of the mushroom showed 83.34% inhibition on AcHE which is lower than that of positive control galanthamine. The experimental results suggested that methanol and hot-water extracts of Phellinus xeranticus fruiting bodies might be used for good sources of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-acetylcholinesterase agents.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.860-868
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• 2015

The effect of Si supplied during plant cultivation on tolerance to high temperature stress in Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. 'Ichiban' was investigated. Rooted cuttings were transplanted into 10-cm pots and a complete nutrient solution, containing 0 or $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Si as either $K_2SiO_3$, $Na_2SiO_3$, or $CaSiO_3$, was supplied through subirrigation or weekly foliar applications. After two months of cultivation, plants were placed in an environment-controlled chamber and subjected to $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ (high temperature) conditions for 18 days. Enhanced specific activities of enzymatic antioxidants (APX) and suppressed specific activities of non-enzymatic antioxidants (ELP) were observed in the high temperature-stressed plants with Si application. The Fv/Fm (maximum quantum yield of photosystem II), photosynthetic rate, and Si contents in the shoot increased in the treatments of $K_2SiO_3$ and $Na_2SiO_3$ supplied through subirrigation. The Si-treated plants had more tolerance of high temperature stress than the control plants. Of the Si sources and application methods tested, $K_2SiO_3$ and $Na_2SiO_3$ supplied through subirrigation were found to be the most effective in enhancing tolerance to high temperature stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.824-831
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• 2009

In order to investigate the quality characteristics of powdered teas using Compositae species flower, the samples of Chrysanthemum indicum L. (CI), Chrysanthemum boreale Makino (CB), and Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam (CZ) were extracted with hot water and concentrated, and then mixed with different forming agents of dextrin (D) and maltodextrin (MD). The mixing ratio of D and MD was ranged from 9:1 (DMD91) to 8:2 (DMD82) or D and MD only. The solubility of the powdered tea was higher in added dextrin. The highest total polyphenol and flavonoid content of the powdered tea were 6.75 and 3.24 mg/g at CBDMD91, respectively. Total antioxidant activities of C. indicum, C. boreale, and C. zawadskii powdered tea ranged at $2.51{\sim}2.63$, $4.37{\sim}4.50$, and $3.44{\sim}3.55\;mg$ AA eq/g, respectively. In sensory evaluation, the C. indicum and C. zawadskii powdered teas obtained higher sensory score of all evaluation items than C. boreale powdered tea. The optimal mixing ratio at 36% of D and 4% of MD in forming agent was selected to enhance the sensory characteristics and antioxidant activities of powdered tea.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.142-149
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological activities of the ethanol extracts from 10 different strains of Pholiota nameko. In addition, the ${\beta}$-glucan and polyphenol contents from these strains were also measured. Total polyphenol contents from all the strains were more than 40 mg% with the highest content of $61.50{\pm}0.59$ mg% and ${\beta}$-glucan contents were 30% with the highest content of $37.20{\pm}1.12%$. The highest inhibitory activities on ${\alpha}$-amyloglucosidase activity and nitric oxide production were $13.78{\pm}0.56%$ and $56.59{\pm}7.11%$, respectively. However, ethanol extracts from all the strains have little effects on DPPH radical and nitrite scavenging rates and the activity of angiotensin I converting enzyme. The cytotoxic activity of ethanol extracts from all the strains on A549 cell was shown upto 30% with the highest effect of $47.96{\pm}8.46%$ treated at 1 mg/mL concentration.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.350-355
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• 2012

This study investigated the physiological effects of three species of Auricularia known as Auricularia polytricha (JNM21001), Auricularia auricula-judae black (JNM21002), and Auricularia auricula-judae brown (JNM21012). In the ORAC assay, Auricularia spp. showed antioxidant activities in the order of JNM21001>JNM21012>JNM21002. All Auricularia spp. strongly inhibited the action of ${\alpha}$-amyloglucosidase up to 60%. In order to further test in vivo anti-obesity effects, high fat diet induced ICR obese mice fed a diet containing 20% fat were used. All Auricularia spp. supplementation during high fat diet feeding significantly reduced body weight gain, epididymal fat pads weight, and lowered the food efficiency ratio compared to the high fat control (HFC) group. In particular, the group fed with JNM21012 had a lower average daily body weight gain of 0.45 g/day, demonstrating similar levels to the normal diet fed group. The group fed with JNM21012 significantly reduced lowered serum triglycerides (42%), total cholesterol (81%), and LDL-cholesterol level (66%) compared with the HFC group.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum condition of extraction from fronds of Osmunda japonica to increase antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity. Powder (1 g) of lyophilized fronds were mixed with three different solvents (MeOH, 80% EtOH and water). Extraction was carried out using not only by immersion (room temp.), heating ($60^{\circ}C$) and stirring (200 rpm) for 6 h, but also by sonication in 42 kHz ultrasonic bath for 15, 30 and 45 min. Extracts were filtered, and adjusted up to 50 mL to determine contents of soluble solids, total polyphenols and total flavonoids. Antioxidant capacity was measured by radical scavenging activity of 0.15 mM DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and 7.4 mM ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical. Among the solvents, MeOH and 80% EtOH appeared to be effective for extraction. Extract obtained from sonication in MeOH for 15 min resulted high polyphenol contents (45.15 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ db) and DPPH radical scavenging activity ($RC_{50}$= 0.35 $mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). The highest flavonoid contents was obtained from immersion or heating extraction with MeOH (38.10~38.10 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ db). ABTS radical scavenging was high in same extraction with 80% EtOH ($RC_{50}$= 0.21~0.22 $mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). Altogether, our results indicate that the extraction using ultrasonic bath with MeOH as a solvent (for 15~30 minutes) was the most effective way not only for increasing various antioxidant activities but also for saving labor and time in case of fronds of Osmunda japonica.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.631-636
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• 2010

To develop a natural antioxidant from three Chrysanthemum species, flower and shoot extracts of Chrysanthemum frutescens, Chrysanthemum morifolium and Chrysanthemum zawadskii ssp. naktongense were obtained and their phenolic compound contents, scavenging effects on DPPH and ABTS radicals, ferrous ion chelating effects and inhibition activity on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid were studied. Shoots of C. morifolium showed the highest levels in all above mentioned analyses. Especially, shoot extract of C. morifolium had high scavenging activities on ABTS radicals, similar to ascorbic acid or BHT. Ferrous ion chelating effect was the lowest in a C. morifolium shoot extract, but the highest in a C. morifolium flower extract. Inhibition activity on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid was the highest with C. frutescens and C. morifolium shoots, but activity was lower than BHT. From present study, a shoot extract of C. morifolium is demonstrated as a valuable source for the development of a natural antioxidant. However, due to its low levels of ferrous ion chelating effects and inhibition activity on lipid peroxidation, a combination of other antioxidants with C. morifolium extract is recommended for the development of a new antioxidant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2010

The present experiments were carried out to develop new antioxidants from EtOH extract of flower resources of Compositae plant concerning total polyphenol and flavonoid content, scavenging activities on DPPH and ABTS radicals, ferrous ion chelating effects, and inhibition activity on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid. EtOH extracts from Matricaria recutica, Cosmos bipinnatus, Synurus deltoides, and Aster pilosus showed higher level of total polyphenol content, and the flavonoid content was the highest in C. bipinnatus. However, scavenging activity on DPPH radicals was the highest in EtOH extract of Hieracium pilosella-1.1 times higher than BHT control. The activity on ABTS radical scavenging was the highest in EtOH extracts of M. recutica and S. deltoides-2.0 and 1.2 times higher than ascorbic acid, and 2.2 and 1.3 times higher than BHT, respectively. Ferrous ion chelating effects was also the highest in M. recutica, but the level was much lower than EDTA. Inhibition activity on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid, measured at every 4 days for 32 days, was superior and longer lasting with M. recutica and Achillea alpina, compared to that of BHT. In conclusion, antioxidant activity was different depending on species, so selection of proper plant species for the development of potential antioxidant is very important.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

ENFP the flowers 66.7%, INFP 50% of the leaves was the first that showed interest. ISTP in the fragrance of the plants, the 55.6% interest in the first feeling, ENTJ's 60%, INFJ's 75%, INTJ 83.3% of the entire plant in the form of the first was said to have interest. MBTI personality types, depending on the interest portion of the plant selection for mean difference (p=0.004). Favorite types of plants, flowers, 53.7%, 32.7% fruits, vegetables, 5.4% have been selected, depending on the features your favorite plants, types of hearing means the difference (p=0.022). Select any of four kinds of flowers, plants, plants that NF 40.7%, NT 58.8% were preferred, SF a fragrant plants that were preferred by 41.8%. ST flowering plants in the 37.5%, 29.2% of the seasonal green leafy foliage was preferred. Depending on the psychological features a selection for your favorite flora also indicates a difference (p=0.038). MBTI personality types based on the four indicators in the form of leaves and flowers preferred type for accident analysis determined a feature based on the emotional type, meaning that it leaves the choice of form, and (p=0.036), determined according to the type-aware select a flower type refers to the difference (p=0.025).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.41
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• pp.155-169
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• 2019

This study aims at analyzing educational effects of the horticultural picture books, which are depending on B.S. Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. After collecting various horticulture-related picture books, this study classified them by the B.S bloom's educational taxonomy. There were objectives of the cognitive domain, objectives of the affective domain, psychomotor domain in plants and gardening activities. And the cognitive domain, affective domain, psychomotor domain subdivided into the sub-region can learn from the horticulture picture books to teach the unique characteristics could be found. To know the teachers' perceptions of the effectiveness of using picture books in the horticulture class, questionnaire were analyzed from the survey. As a result, by Bloom's educational taxonomy area they preferred children's books. Teacher think that fairy tale books promote the interest of the children and have the advantage of fostering creativity. In addition, an easy point to get in school, lack of hours in the effective education to help horticulture that was expected. The cognitions of most effective storytelling method of horticulture picture book was story immersion. And the effective activity after reading picture book was drawing picture. Also, the most effective teaching materials was a real-life picture.