• 한국농공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.4259-4264
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• 1976

This paper, is about the test on the operating performance of diesel engine by using of soybean oil which farmers could supply in their farm yard. The diesel engine used is a swirl-chamber type, four stroke cycle with single cylinder, air cooling and its rated horse power is 2 PS per 1300 rpm. Several results obtained are as follows; 1. The starting performance of diesel engine with soybean oil is almost the same as that with light oil. 2. The variation of engine speed according to various engine load is small when soybean oil is used compared with light oil. It is considered that soybean oil is desirable for the purpose of industerial power machine fuel. 3. The specific fuel consumption increases approximately 10 percent high in the condition of rated horse power and maximum horse power and shows less or same during the load test in low velocity, when soybean oil is used 4. Though the brake thermal efficiency in the condition of rated horse power and maximum horse power is inclined to decrease when soybean oil is used compared during the load test in low velocityt shows good inclination.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.15.1-15.11
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• 2020

The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of horse oil in 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-treated BALB/c mice. After the application of DNCB, the mice showed atopic dermatitis symptoms, including severe erythema, hemorrhage, and erosion, whereas those symptoms were alleviated by treatment with horse oil. To explain the anti-dermatitis effect of horse oil, the gene expression levels in the healing process in dorsal skin were observed using a cDNA microarray. The cDNA microarray analysis revealed that the expression levels of 30 genes related to the inflammation, including Ccr1, Ccr2, Ccl20, Anxa1, and Hc genes, were up-regulated (higher than 2.0-fold) in the DNCB group compared to the levels in the control group, whereas the levels were restored to the control level in the DNCB + horse oil-treated group. In contrast, the gene expression levels of 28 genes related to inflammation, including chemokine genes Ccl5, Ccl7, Ccl8, Cxcl10, and Cxcl13 genes, were down-regulated (lower than 0.5-fold) in the DNCB group compared to the levels in the control group, whereas the levels were restored to the control level in the DNCB + horse oil-treated group. Overall, the results show that horse oil restores the expression levels of genes related to inflammation that were perturbed by DNCB treatment.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2020

말지방(horse fat)은 아시아에서 효능 있는 원료로 알려져 있어, 말지방에 첨가제 수준에서 다른 성분을 혼합한 거의 말지방 자체를 완제품으로 판매하는 경우가 상당수 있다. 이런 경우 말지방 원료의 물성이 중요한데, 국내에서 정제된 말지방의 경우 온도 안정성이 낮아 저온에 보관하지 않으면 분리가 발생하는 불편한 점이 발생하기도 한다. 일본산 말지방의 경우 부분적으로 수소 첨가하거나 액체상과 고체상을 분리시켜 고체상을 말지방으로 사용하고 있어 제주산 말지방보다 더 단단하고 안정된 성상을 나타내고 있다. 본 연구에서는 제주산 말지방을 부분적으로 수소 첨가하는 공정 없이도 안정한 물성으로 향상시키기 위한 물성향상 실험을 진행하였다. 실험은 다양한 오일겔화제(oil gelling agent)를 사용하였으며 여러 차례 실험을 진행한 결과 hydroxystearic acid를 첨가한 제주산 말지방에서 가장 물성이 향상된 것을 확인하였다. 또한 hydroxystearic acid를 첨가시켜 개선된 제주산 말지방과 100% 제주산 말지방, 100% 일본산　말지방에 대해 실온(25 ℃), 항온(40 ℃, 45 ℃)에서 안정성 평가를 진행하였고, 각 말지방에 대해 온도별 유동거동을 평가한 결과 hydroxystearic acid를 첨가시켜 개선한 제주산 말지방이 일본산 말지방과 유사한 유동거동을 나타냈다. 또한 현미경으로 결정입자를 관찰한 경우, hydroxystearic acid 첨가에 따라 침상결정의 크기를 작게 함으로써 좀 더 열안정성을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 hydroxystearic acid를 첨가시켜 개선된 제주산 말지방은 실온에서 장시간 보관하여도 물성에 이상이 없음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.97-110
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• 1992

Rape-seed oil has high viscosity and high rubber content like other vegetable oils. When crude rape-seed oil obtained by a general oil extraction process is used in a diesel engine, automization condition during injection is not good and a large amount of combustion product is doposited in a combustion chamber. The improvement of a diesel engine is required to use rape-seed oil as a diesel engine fuel. In this study, the physical and chemical properties and combustion characteristics of rape-seed oil were investigated. The auxiliary aid was developed to improve automization condition and the effect of the auxiliary injection aid on the performance of a diesel engine was determined. The results are as follows. 1) Oil content of rape-seed is 45%. The exraction rate is 33%. The resuls show higher values compared to those of other vegetable oils. 2) The viscosity of rape-seed oil is 50.8 cSt and nearly 14 times of diesel oil viscosity. 3) The heating value and flash point of rape-seed oil are 9720kcal/Kg and 318$^{\circ}C$, respectively. 4) In case rape-seed oil is used as fuel, brake horse power, specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency are compared to those of diesel oil. The results of rape-seed oil show 3.6%, 12.7% and 3.1% higher values. 5) Particle size of injection fuel with the auxiliary injection aid on the performance of a diesel engine was determined. The results are as follows. 1) Oil content of rape-seed is 45%. The extraction rate is 33%. The results show higher values compared to those of other vegetable oils. 2) The viscosity of rape-seed oil is 50.8 cSt and nearly 14 times of diesel oil viscosity. 3) The heating value and flash point of rape-seed oil are 9720kcal/Kg and 318.deg.C, respectively. 4) In case rape-seed oil is used as fuel, brake horse power, specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency are compared to theose of diesel oil. The results of rape-seed oil show 3.6%, 12.7% and 3.1% higher values. 5) Particle size of injection fuel with the auxiliary injection aids is 100.mu.m smaller than that od injection fuel without the aid. 6) Brake horse power and brake thermal efficiency with the auxiliary injection aid increase 5.07% and 6.07%, respectively. However, specific fuel consumption decreases 3.85% with the auxiliary injection aid.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.443-463
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• 2024

This study investigated the impact of activated carbon, palm activated carbon, and zeolite on horse oil (HO) extracted from horse neck fat using supercritical fluid extraction with deodorant-untreated HO (CON) as a comparison. The yield and lipid oxidation of deodorant untreated HO (CON) were not significantly affected by the three deodorants. However, deodorant-treated HOs exhibited significantly elevated levels of α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3) and eicosenoic acid (C20:1n9) compared to CON (p<0.05), while other fatty acids remained consistent. Zeolite-purified HO demonstrated significantly lower levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) than other treatments (p<0.05). Remarkably, zeolite decreased the concentration of pentane, 2,3-dimethyl (gasoline odor), by over 90%, from 177.17 A.U. ×10⁶ in CON to 15.91 A.U. ×10⁶. Zeolite also effectively eliminates sec-butylamine (ammonia and fishy odor) as compared to other deodorant-treated HOs (p<0.05). Additionally, zeolite reduced VOCs associated with the fruity citrus flavor, such as nonanal, octanal, and D-limonene in HO (p<0.05). This study suggests that integrating zeolite in supercritical fluid extraction enhances HO purification by effectively eliminating undesirable VOCs, presenting a valuable approach for producing high-quality HO production in the cosmetic and functional food industries.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.233-239
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• 1983

Gasification of rice chaff has traditionally been used to produce a clean fuel suitable for lighting, heating and engine application. Since oil crisis, a series of experimental study has been performed to drive a farm engine by agricultural wastes. We produced a combustible gas from rice chaff with a fixed bed up-draught gasifier system, and applied it to a conventional farm kerosene engine. This experiment was quite successful one. We could drive the farm engine with maximum horse power of 9 PS by rice chaff gas which was fairly competitive to the continuous horse power of 10 PS obtained when kerosene was used. Problems of tar existence in gas have been discussed, but we are confident that these can be solved in near future. Development and application of the gasification process will help our farm economy, not only by conserving petroleum oil but by utilizing agricultural wastes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2008

To improve the utilization of fish processing by-products, fish oils were extracted from hoki, yellowfin sole, mackerel, and horse mackerel, and their compositions were examined. The proximate compositions obtained for these 4 species of by-product revealed they were composed of 68.1$\sim$78.1% moisture, 1.2$\sim$1.6% ash, and 13.8$\sim$18.8% protein. Fish oils extracted from the hoki, yellowfin sole, mackerel, and horse mackerel were 5.5, 9.4, 13.4, and 10.3%, respectively. The total lipids extracted from the by-products of the 4 species were 6.21, 10.43, 12.81 and 10.06%, of which neutral lipids accounted for 77.38, 77.46, 87.21 and 86.79%, respectively. Neutral lipid analysis by TLC showed that triacylglycerol was the major component, while 1,3- and 1,2-diacylglycerols, free fatty acids, free sterols, and sterol esters were present as minor components. The major fatty acids were palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid. DHA and EPA were contained at levels of 0.2$\sim$4.7% and 3.7$\sim$9.5%, respectively, in the 4 types of fish oil. The fish oils extracted from the dark muscle fish, mackerel and horse mackerel, had greater polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents than those of the white muscle fish species, hoki and yellowfin sole.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2013

Objectives : Horse oil (HO) has been used long time as the folk medicine of many Asian countries such as Korea, Mongol, China, India and Japan. HO has been used for anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pruritic purposes in skin. However, it is still largely unknown whether HO modulates the skin condition. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of HO on the 1 % of 2, 4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced contact hypersensitivity in Balb/c mice. Methods : To find the anti-inflammatory effect of HO, contact hypersensitivity, a local inflammatory response of skin, was induced on the back of Balb/c mice by sensitization and repeated application by 1% DNCB and HO treated 2 weeks on the 1% of DNCB-treated Balb/c mice. Excised mice skins were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and serum IgE level was measured by mouse IgE ELISA kit. Results : In this study, we found that HO reduced erythema by 1% of DNCB treated Balb/c mice. Also, HO recovered histopathological features such as the thickening of epidermis, hyperkeratosis and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in 1% of DNCB treated Balb/c mice. In addition, HO reduced IgE level on the serum obtained from blood of 1% of DNCB-treated Balb/c mice. Conclusion : Taken together, these results showed that HO could be used as a pharmaceutical material with anti-inflammatory effects by reducing of erythema, IgE level and recovering of histopathological features skin on DNCB-induced contact hypersensitivity in Balb/c mice model.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.374-379
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• 2015

A 10-year-old gelding Warmblood weighing 560 kg was referred to J&C Equine Hospital with the history of hyperpnea, depression, pawing, and rolling for 7 hours. According to the results of clinical and ultrasound examination, it was considered that intestines were distended with thickened wall. The horse had been treated with lactated Ringers' solution (14 L, IV), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, IV), and mineral oil (1 L, PO), but he did not show any responses to those treatments. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and identified incarcerated small intestine through the epiploic foramen. The horse received resection and anastomosis of the entrapped small intestine. After surgery, the horse was treated with intensive postoperative care of fluid therapy (5 L with 20 mEq/L KCl, every 2 hours), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, IV, sid), antibiotics (penicillin 22,000 IU/kg, IV, qid and gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg, IV, sid), lidocaine constant rate infusion (bolus 1.3 mg/kg over 15 minutes then 0.05 mg/kg/minute), common nutritional supplements, nasogastric intubation every 2 hours and trunk bandage. Postoperative feeding program had started with small amount of hay every 4 hours and gradually increased to normal amount till 5 days. At 77 days after surgery, he showed sudden outbreak of colic and was euthanized. The causes of colic were small intestinal strangulation by passing through the mesenteric rents and postoperative adhesion between small intestines. According to the results, it is recommended to perform perioperative intensive care of horse with colic and to use several methods to prevent adhesions during abdominal surgery of horses.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2000

In this study, using frying oil, performance of engine and emission concentration were compared with the case of using diesel oil. And results are as follows. 1. Engine torque and brake horse power indicate nearly same value as the case of using diesel fuel. 2. Temperature of exhaust gas was increased with as high engine speed and load. 3. To reduce concentration of hydrocarbon, it is effective to operate using used frying oil in low engine speed and load, and adding LPG in high engine speed and load. 4. Concerning with concentration of carbon mono oxide and smoke emission, it was assured, that as engine load increased, lower concentration emitted in case of utilizing mixed fuel than that of utilizing pure diesel fuel.