• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2003년도 추계 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.98-106
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• 2003

To construct pile-supported wharf structures that must support heavy horizontal loads, both vertical piles and batter piles are used. Batter piles are used to secure the bearing capacity against the horizontal loads. However, past case histories have shown that the heads of batter piles are vulnerable because these heads are subjected to excessive axial loads during earthquakes. Therefore, the aseismatic reinforcement method must be developed to prevent batter pile heads from breaking due to excessive seismic loads. Two different connecting methods of either inserting rubber or ball-bearing between batter pile head and upper plate were proposed to improve the aseismatic efficiency. Three large-scale pile head models(rubber type model, ball-bearing type model, and fixed type model) were manufactured and horizontal loading tests were peformed for these models. The results showed that the force-displacement relationship of the fixed type model was linear, but that of the rubber type model and the ball-bearing type model was bilinear. The increase in the horizontal displacement led to the increase in the horizontal stiffness of the rubber type models and the decrease in that of the ball-bearing type model. Compared with the values for fixed type model, the damping ratios of the rubber type model and the ball-bearing type model increased about 33~185％ and 263~269％, respectively.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.213-227
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• 2023

A passive prismatic-shaped isolation platform (PIP) is proposed to realize enhanced quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) effect. The design concept uses a horizontal spring to produce a tunable negative stiffness and installs oblique springs inside the cells of the prismatic structure to provide a tunable positive stiffness. Therefore, the QZS effect can be achieved by combining the negative stiffness and the positive stiffness. To this aim, firstly, the mathematical modeling and the static analysis are conducted to demonstrate this idea and provide the design basis. Further, with the parametric study and the optimal design of the PIP, the enhanced QZS effect is achieved with widened QZS range and stable property. Moreover, the dynamic analysis is conducted to investigate the vibration isolation performance of the proposed PIP. The analysis results show that the widened QZS property can be achieved with the optimal designed structural parameters, and the proposed PIP has an excellent vibration isolation performance in the ultra-low frequency due to the enlarged QZS range. Compared with the traditional QZS isolator, the PIP shows better performance with a broader isolation frequency range and stable property under the large excitation amplitude.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.162-169
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• 2007

This paper deals with friction effects on the performance of double-bumped AFBs. The stiffness and damping coefficients of the double bump vary depending on the external load and its friction coefficient. The double bump can be either in the single or double active region depending on vertical deflection. The equivalent stiffness and damping coefficients of the bump system are derived from the vertical and horizontal deflection of the bump, including the friction effect. A static and dynamic performance analysis is carried out by using the finite difference method and the perturbation technique. The results of the performance analysis for a double-bumped AFB are compared with those obtained for a single-bumped AFB. This paper successfully proves that a double bumped AFB has higher load capacity, stiffness, and damping than a single-bumped AFB in a heavily loaded condition.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.445-456
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• 2005

The research concentrates on improving the in-hole seismic probe, which has been developed in past five years, to be used in stiffness measurements of tunnel-face materials. The probe was down-sized to be fit in 45-mm diameter holes(or BX) drilled by a jumbo-drill, which is used to drill holes to install explosives for tunneling. Also trigger system was improved by using a down-speeding motor for operating convenience and air packing system was replaced with a set of plate-springs to eliminate supply of compressed air. These modifications are to adjust the probe for the unfavourable environment inside of tunnels and to test without any further drilling cost. The probe and testing procedure were successfully adopted with horizontal holes drilled by a jumbo-drill at a tunnel-face to evaluate the stiffness of rock mass. The measured shear wave velocities can be used to estimate deformation properties of rock mass for tunnel analyses.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1995년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.45-52
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• 1995

The stability and integrity of precast large panel structures are analyzed with nonlinear mathematical model considering the inelastic properties of horizontal joints. In this research, an analysis for cyclic loading test was carried out by the macro model that idealized the horizontal joints as inelastic-nonlinear spring systems. As a results, the strain hardening ratio of shear slip element was estimated as about 0.05%- 0.2% of initial shear stiffness. And under lateral load, the rocking motion due ti overturning moment was dominant rather than shear slip motion in the behavior of precast structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.615-632
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• 2001

Ductility of open piled wharves under reversed cyclic loads has been investigated. Experimental testing of five wharf models having a scale of about 1:4 was conducted under the application of horizontal reversed cyclic loading. The experiments were designed to focus on the horizontal ultimate load, ductility and failure mode of the considered wharf models. Nonlinear numerical analyses using the finite element method were also performed on numerical models representing the experimentally tested wharves. The results of the experimental tests showed that open piled wharves possessed favourable ductile behaviour and that their load bearing capacity did not depreciate until a ductility factor of 3 to 4 was reached. The numerical analysis showed that the relative rotation that took place at the joints between the steel piles and the R.C. beam was responsible for a considerable portion of the total horizontal deformation of the wharves. Therefore, it was concluded that introducing the joint stiffness in calculating the deformations of open piled wharves was important to achieve reasonable accuracy.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.391-399
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• 2004

This paper investigated the dispersion characteristics of horizontal surface waves as means to apply conversional SASW techniques. To verify this proposal, 3D finite element analysis and Transfer matrix solution were performed. SH wave(Love waves) has the some advantages in comparison with Rayleigh wave. Representatively, Love wave has a characteristics not affected by compression wave. These characteristics have the robust applicability for the surface wave investigation techniques. In this study, for the purpose of employing Love wave in the SASW method, the dispersion characteristics of the Love wave was extensively investigated by the theoretical and numerical approaches. The 3-D finite element and transfer matrix analyses for the half space and two-layer systems were performed to determine the phase velocities from Love wave as well as from both the vertical and the horizontal components of Rayleigh wave. Preliminary, numerical simulations and theoretical solutions indicated that the dispersion characteristics of horizontal surface wave(Love waves) can be sufficiently sensitive and appliable to SASW techniques.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.343-353
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• 2021

In this study, in order to improve the seismic performance of existing reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures, various external attachment of corner steel frame configurations was considered as a user-friendly retrofitting method. The external steel frame is designed to contribute to the lateral stiffness and load carrying capacity of the existing RC structure. A six-story building was taken into account. Four different external corner steel frame configurations were suggested in order to strengthen the building. The 3D models of the building with suggested retrofitting steel frames were developed within ABAQUS environment using solid finite elements and analyzed under horizontal loadings nonlinearly. Horizontal top displacement vs loading curves were obtained to determine the overall performance of the building. Contributions of steel and RC frames to the carried loads were computed individually. Load/capacity ratios for the ground floor columns were presented. In the study, 3D rendered images of the building with the suggested retrofits are created to better visualize the real effect of the retrofit on the final appearance of the façade of the building. The analysis results have shown that the proposed external steel frame retrofit configurations increased the lateral load carrying capacity and lateral stiffness and can be used to improve the seismic performance of RC framed buildings.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호통권33호
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• pp.543-555
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• 1997

일반적으로 합성형 교량에 있어서 강판형과 콘크리트 슬래브 사이의 일체성은 강재와 콘크리트라는 이질재료의 접합부 사이에 위치한 전단연결재의 강성과 배치간격에 의해 영향을 받게 된다. 따라서 전단연결재는 두 재료가 일체로 거동할 수 있도록 충분한 강성을 가져야만 하며, 강성이 부족하게 되면 접촉면에서 미끄러짐이 발생한다. 이때, 미끄러짐의 발생을 고려한 것을 불완전합성형이라 한다. 본 논문에서는 불완전합성형의 해석에서 복잡한 계산과정을 거치지 않고 불완전율에 따라서 전단연결재의 강성과 간격을 산정하는 간이추정법에 대하여 연구하였으며, 단면과 지간에 따른 형특성, 불완전율, 하중작용점에 따라서 전단연결재에 작용하는 수평전단력, 축력 등의 변화양상을 간단한 영향선으로 나타내었다. 또한, 해석 예로서 Newmark의 partial interaction theory이론을 기초로 한 블완전합성형의 기초미분방정식을 적용하여 불완전율에 따라서 1) 스프링상수와의 관계 2) 축력 및 수평전단력과의 관계 3) 응력 및 중립축과의 관계를 고찰하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.129-150
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• 1993

Since the restoration or masticatory function is the most important aim of implants, it should be substituted for the role of natural teeth and deliver the stress to the bone under the continous load during function. In natural teeth, stress distribution can be obtained through enamel, dentin and cementum and the elasticity of the periodontal ligament play a role of buffering action. In contrast, implant prosthesis has a very unique characteristics that it delvers the load directly to bone through the implant and superstructure. This fact arise the needs to evaluate the stress distribution of the implant in the mechnical aspects, which has a similar role of natural teeth but different pathway of stress. With 3 kinds of implant in prevalent use, 2 types of experimental PEA implant models were made, axisymmetric and 2-dimensional type. In axisymmetric model, the stiffness of the part including the prosthesis and implant which extrude out of bony surface could be calculated with displacement of the superstructure un er 100N vertical load and then damping effects could be determined through this stiffness. In axisymmetric FEA model, load to the bone could be deduced by evaluation the stress distribution of the designed surface under the 100N vertical force and in 2-dimensional model, 100N eccentric vertical load and 20N horizontal loda. The result are as follows. 1. In every implant, stress to the bone tends to be concenturated on the cortical bone. 2. Though the stress of the cancellous bone is larger at the apex of implants, it is less compared with cortical bone. 3. Under 20N horizontal load, stress of the left and right sides of implant shows a symmetrical pattern. But under 100N eccentric vertical load, loaded side shows much larger stress value. 4. In the 1mm interface, stress distribution among implants tend to have a similar pattern. But under 20N horizontal load apposite side of being loaded shows less stress in IMZ. 5. In the case of screw type implant, stress tends to vary along with screw shape. 6. According to the result determined with microstrain, cancellous bone id generally under the condition of overload, while cortical bone is usually within the limitation of physiologic load. 7. In the Branemark implant, maximum stress to the cortical bone is larger than any other implant except for the condition of 20N horizontal force and 0.05mm interface. 8. Damping effects of implants is maximum in IMZ.