• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2010

Objectives: Standard is a unified criterion for some repeated things or concepts in a certain scope. It is fundamental to implement standardization in English translation of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) formulae to promote progress in the evaluation of TKM and also to serve in enhancing the efficiency in studies of medical formulae. Methods: We undertook literature research on current Korean and Chinese medicinal formulae in English translation, analyzing 485 Korean formulae and 464 Chinese. We also undertook a comparative study of 102 common English translation of both Korean and Chinese, proposing a constant and effective methods for English translation of medical formulae. Results: To have a precise English translation we classified medical formulae nomenclature in advance. We found that formulae naming can be fundamentally classified into 6 forms which are (a) Materia Medica + Preparation Form, (b) Materia Medica + Indication + Preparation Form, (c) Materia Medica Numbers + Preparation Form, (d) Indication + Preparation Form, (e) Concept + Preparation Form, and (f) Miscellaneous. Based on these findings we could determine that these 6 types ((a)-(f)) can all be translated into English by (1) Materia Medica + Preparation Form and (2) Indication + Preparation Form + of (with) + Materia Medica schemes. In regard to translation of Indication it can follow Noun+~ing participle form. Conclusion: This research provides a common method of TKM medicinal formulae English translation for better understanding, education, training, practice and research in TKM. Consequently, English translation using these methods can serve as the initial study for standardization of TKM medicinal formulae.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.563-572
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate incidence and related factors of the metabolic syndrome in a Korean medicine hospital. The 716 subjects were analyzed using biochemical data and survey who took medical examination in Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital for general health check-up. This investigation was conducted from February in 2008 to July in 2010. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the definition by the NCEP ATP III. The abdominal obesity guidelines for waist circumference applied by the WHO Western Pacific Region, IASO and IOTF: The Asia-Pacific Perspective in 2000. Incidence of metabolic syndrome was 12% (14.6% in men, 8.2% in women). The groups that have two metabolic risk factors were 21.9% in men and 7.5% in women. The incidence increased with ageing. The mean of metabolic syndrome`s triglyceride was in hypertriglyceridemia, and that of their BMI in men was in primary obese and that of their AST, ALT, ${\gamma}$-GTP means were in abnormal liver function. Smokers in men have metabolic syndrome 10 times more than non-smokers in men. Exercisers that do the exercise once or twice a week in women have metabolic syndrome 0.2 times more than non-exerciser in women. Women that have family history of stroke, were associated with metabolic syndrome by $x^2$-test. Men that have family history of hypertension, have metabolic syndrome 4 times more than otherwise men. Men that have family history of diabetes mellitus, have metabolic syndrome 3 times more than otherwise men.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

The early Joseon era was a period when various medical systems were established and many medical literatures were published. Hwang Ja-hu(黃子厚) was a civil minister and medical professional who worked hard for maintaining government administrative system and medical regime during the Taejong and Sejong reign. Hwang Ja-hu followed his father and made MiReukWon(彌勒院) prosperous for the homeless people around Chungcheong-do Hoedeok. Hwang Ja-hu was talented in policy development as a government official. He was also learned in medicine, thus always doubled as head of JeonUiGam(典醫監). Hwang Ja-hu reformed the irrationalities in medical regime. He legalized JeonUiGam duties such as the presenting of the medicine or the preparation of the medicine and had the doctors take charge. He also suggested training acupuncture specialists(鍼灸專門醫). Hwang Ja-hu played a leading role in spreading HyangYak(鄕藥) throughout the country and reissuing [HyangYakGuGeupBang(鄕藥救急方)] due to personal philanthropism and service. He tried to defeat illnesses by letting the common people understand the symptoms and use medicine accordingly. Also he intended [HyangYakGuGeupBang(鄕藥救急方)] which was written focused on 'easiness book'(簡易方), 'experience book'(經驗方) to be used for the common people because [HyangYakJipSungBang(鄕藥集成方)] was made up a huge volume andused for training medical professionals and for accumulating knowledge. Hwang Ja-hu pursed subdivision of medical systems and specialization of medicine but also promoted medical rights. We should continue to discover and introduce medical figures who understood medicine and improved the medical systems.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 2020

In this study, we examine the changes to Korean medicine that occurred when 'proprietary medicines' (賣藥) swept through the pharmaceutical market during the Japanese occupation (1910-1945 C.E.). Proprietary medicine during the Japanese colonial period took various forms including ready-made, over-the-counter, patent, and nostrum type pharmaceuticals. This paper examines how Korean medicine, which was the dominant form of medicine during the Joseon Dynasty, was forced to adapt to the rise of proprietary medicines. We found that the prescription of Korean medicine herbal decoctions became more like proprietary medicine in the way that they were formulated. In addition, prescriptions in Korean medicine books were reformulated with prescriptions and medicines from outside the tradition. Proprietary medicines, many of which were made with secret recipes handed down in a family, also attracted attention. Such prescriptions were made famous through advertisements and further influenced future Korean medicine doctors. New prescriptions took advantage of the trust and authority existing in traditional Korean medicine by introducing ginseng and traditional medicinal herbs such as deer antler velvet (鹿茸, Cervi Parvum Cornu). This paper argues that proprietary medicine of the Japanese colonial period distorted the concept of traditional herbal medicine.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.129-134
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• 1983

The records for the tuberculosis patients who discharged from the health center during 1982 in Kangwha county were analized in order to study the characteristics and the patterns of treatments for the pulmonary tuberculosis patients with the history of previous treatment before registration and also the relationship between the previos history of treatment and the outcome at the time of discharge from the health center. The major findings are as follows. 1. Those who have a history of previous treatment were 58, 22.5% of those 258 patients who were studied. 2. There is no difference in sex however the rate of previous history of treatment was higher among middle age group (20-59) than young and old age group (under 19 or over 60). 3. The rate of previous treatment was rather higher in those lived in remote area from Eup. 4. As for the reationship with occupation, students and civil servants who easily exposured to the public relations of government's tuberculosis control program experienced lower previous treatment before registration than farmers or unemployed. 5. A total of 62.1% were previously treated less than 6 months, 29.3% between 6 and 12 months, and only 8.6% more than 12 months before registration to health center. 6. The most common used anti-tuberculosis drugs were isoniazid and ethambutol but only 13.8% used government-standardized precription and 69.0% used secondary drugs from its beginning. 7. There was no statistical difference between the previous history of treatment and the outcome at the time of discharge from the health center. However the longer the duration of treatment before registration was the lower the cure rate at health center was.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2010

Objective : This study aims to clearly define the concept of Korean medicine terminology related with breast disease that occurs during breastfeeding. It attempts to suggest aguideline so that identical terms can be used to explain the medical conditions of breast-feeders from the perspective of oriental medicine. Method : This paper is based on what is recorded in medical books. It has organized the relations between the terms grounded on the analysis of similarities and differences in the concepts of the terms contained in them. The medical book chiefly used here was "Uibangyuchwi(醫方類聚)". To organize the terms, thesaurus was utilized. Result & Conclusion : The terminology of Korean medicine related with breast disease that occurs during breastfeeding is prescribed from the aspects of the causes, affected areas, or pathological conditions. The clinically typical terms of korean medicine are 'Tuyu(妬乳)' and 'Yuong(乳癰)'. The two are distinguished by whether one has systemic symptoms or not. If one has no systemic symptom, it is 'Chwiyu(吹乳)' or 'Tuyu', and these two are distinguished by whether one has 'Chang(瘡; sores)' or not. It is significant to organize the concepts of korean medicine terminology since they are directly related with treatments in the field.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2017

Purpose: Acute acetaminophen intoxication is a common occurrence that can cause lethal complications. In most domestic emergency departments, clinicians tend to treat acetaminophen intoxication based on patients' history alone, simply due to the lack of a rapid acetaminophen laboratory test. We performed a 20-month study of intoxication patients to determine the correlation between the history of patients and serum laboratory tests for acetaminophen. Methods: We took blood samples from 280 intoxication patients to evaluate whether laboratory findings detected traces of acetaminophen in the sample. Patients were then treated according to their history. Laboratory results came out after patients' discharge. Agreement between patients' history and laboratory results were analyzed. Results: Among the 280 intoxicated patients enrolled, 38 patients had positive serum acetaminophen concentrations; 18 out of 38 patients did not represent a history suggesting acetaminophen intoxication. One patient without the history showed toxic serum acetaminophen concentration. Among the patients with the history, two patients with toxic serum acetaminophen concentration did not receive N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment due to their low reported doses, while other 2 patients without significant serum acetaminophen concentration did receive NAC treatment due to their high reported doses. Conclusion: This study showed a good overall agreement between history and laboratory test results. However, some cases showed inconsistencies between their history and laboratory test results. Therefore, in treating intoxication patients, a laboratory test of acetaminophen with rapid results should be available in most domestic emergency departments.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2011

Cho Heon Yeong's 'Tongsokanuihagwollon' is an introductory and essential book on Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM), and now we can nearly take it as classic. It contains almost whole contents of TKM : physiology, pathology, herbology, meridian & acupoint, internal medicine, diagnostics, formula science, etc. He wanted to help people get TKM services easily on their own through this book. In the first chapter following the introduction, he inserted Yin-Yang theory, and his lecture on Yin-Yang theory continues for 88 pages, taking 17% of the whole book. Yin-Yang theory chapter is composed of 14 parts which tells about concept, definition and meaning of Yin-Yang, change of Yin-Yang according to time, season, constitution, body region, meridian, herb, etc. Last part refers to disharmony & dysfunction of Yin-Yang in body, so he showed both theoretical and clinical view of Yin-Yang theory. He wrote some quotations from the book 'Complete Works of Jingyue(景岳全書)', 'Huangdi's Internal Classic(黃帝內徑)', 'Introduction to Medicine(醫學入門)', etc. He tried to explain easily about Yin-Yang theory with modern but rough language of science. He seemed to already know clearly that without modern science TKM cannot progress and will soon be overwhelmed by western medicine, and acted his own way to spread spirit of TKM in the period of rapid change & conflict between two civilizations.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.23-36
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• 2020

In this paper, we look at the basic bibliographic details, such as the publication period, of the 20th century Joseon dynasty royal prescription book, Eoyong Tangjechaeg (御用湯劑冊). Through the process of searching for the royal family members who were given the prescriptions from the royal prescription book, as well as the doctors who gave the prescription, we aim to study its purpose as well as its value in terms of medical history. By studying this piece of medical literature, we will be able to shed light on the Joseon dynasty's royal Korean medicine practices as it passed through the turbulence of history during times such as the Korean Empire (1897-1910) and the Japanese colonial era (1910-1945). We illustrate the changes that took place in royal Korean medicine at the time, and also consider the trends of royal prescriptions as well as their significance from a Korean medicinal standpoint.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2018

In this study, we research the tendency of medical text publication by examining the period of the great measles outbreak and the period of the publication of specialized smallpox texts. Using the National Institute of Korean History database for the Annals of Joseon Dynasty, the Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Joseon Dynasty and Bibyeonsadeunglok, we will compare all records of measles occurrence. Measles and smallpox (Majin in Korean) have similar symptoms and treatment methods. In East Asia, when measles occurred it spread to Joseon and Japan, which are verified by records of the Annals of Joseon Dynasty, the Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Joseon Dynasty and Bibyeonsadeunglok. The medical books related to measles are; Ryuhasinbang, Majinpyeon, Geupyubang, Yimsinyeokbang, Eulmisinjeon, Majingbang, Jinyeokbang, Magwahoetong, Majingibang, Susengsingam, Hongjinsinbang. Measles and Majin are the same disease. During the period of measles occurrence, measles-related medical books were published, and this relation of measles occurrence and measles-related medical text publication is verified by several national records.