• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2008

Purpose: Immunization is one of the simplest and most effective approaches for protecting the health of children from preventable infectious disease. This study assessed the immunization statuses of children presenting to childcare centers in Korea and compared the sociodemographic factors of children with age-appropriate immunization for DTaP4 with those with delayed immunization for DTaP4. Method: A national mail survey was used to collect data on the children's immunization history and sociodemographic information. A total of 248 mothers returned completed questionnaires for their children. Results: The overall immunization coverage for HepB, a series of DTaP and polio and varicella was above 95%. However, the percentage of age-appropriate immunizations of vaccines ranged from 45.3% to 69.0% depending on the vaccines. Only the age of the child was a significant factor for delayed immunization for DTaP4. Conclusion: To fully protect children from vaccine-preventable disease, childcare providers can playa role in monitoring the immunization statuses of children in their care centers to ensure that they all receive all childhood immunizations on time.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제69권1호
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• pp.9-32
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• 2017

이 연구의 목적은 1950-70년대 한국 아동복지의 전개 상황을 "동광"이라는 한국 최초의 아동복지전문지를 통해 사회사 관점으로 살펴보는 데 있다. 즉 기독교아동복리회 한국연합회가 1957년부터 1979년까지 발행한 "동광"으로부터 의미 있는 주제를 이끌어내어 사회사 관점으로 해석하였는데, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 시설중심구호 시기(1957-61)에는 사회편견 속의 고아양육, 외원과 기독교에 치우친 사회사업, 신앙에 기반한 시설중심 케이스워크로 드러났다. 둘째, 가정중심보호 시기(1962-69)에는 사회복지 전반을 고민하며 제도화의 발돋움, 사회사업의 전문성 대두, 시설의 아동과 종사자를 위한 과제, 아동을 위한 실천의 통합화 기대로 나타났다. 셋째, 서비스확대 시기(1970-79)에는 아동의 교육 및 보건 강화, 탈시설화의 거론, 외원기관의 철수 대비, 정부의 소극적 대응으로 분석되었다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.187-199
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to understand the weekend couples' type of residence, and to identify the factors to determine their major living place. Specifically, this study dealt with the weekend couples' psychological costs and rewards when they live apart in weekdays. The data were collected from 33 married couples from 2002 June to July about their family life history. The major findings of this study were summarized as follows: 1) the type of living together ; husband living apart on weekdays, wife living apart on weekdays, wife and child living apart on weekdays, living multi-residence. The majority of them were the type of husband living apart on weekdays. 2) children's care and education were an important factor in a couple's decision 3) weekend couples' psychological costs were such as difficulties of children's care, very fatiguing, shortage of time, and emotional isolation. In spite of all these costs, weekend couples still maintain their separate living arrangements during the week. They felt different kind of psychological costs by the type of living together. 4) psychological rewards were professional success, self-fulfillment, plenty of time to use purposely, and weekenders' relationships to their spouses might seem better than before. Socialization of child-care and household-labor are important factors to reduce psychological costs for the all weekend couples.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.5-18
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• 1997

This study was designed to compare the educational needs of the mothers of LBW infant and normal neonate for development of the educational program. The subjects for this study were 37 mothers of LBW and 60 mothers of normal neonate at 3 general hospitals in Seoul and Inchon. The data were collected during the period from July to November, 1996. The Educational Need for Infant Care was measuerd by questionnaire that has developed by researchers. The data were analized by descriptive statistics, non-paired t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA using SPSS PC/sup +/. The results were as fellow : 1) The educational needs of the mothers of LBW infant were higher than the mothers of normal neonate(F=14.50, P=.000). 2) There were significant associations between the educational needs of the mothers of LBW infant and delivery history(nullipara. or multipara. ) and caregiver of postpartum(t:-2.08, P=.045 ; F=3.94, P=.0282). 3) There were significant associations between the educational needs of the mothers of normal neonate and numbers of children and caregiver of postpartum(F=5.53, P=.0064 ; F=3.22, P=.0480) .4) The educational need by content was signs, symptomes and management of disorders (i. g. cyanosis, seizure, fever, vomiting etc.) were higher than general care of baby(i. g. feeding, diaper change etc.) at two groups. In conclusion, when the nurses teaching the method of infant care to mother, there sholud be in consideration of delivery history and caregiver of postpartum. Also, its educational contents must be Included of signs, symptomes and management of disorders.

• 한국보육학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.187-208
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• 2017

본 연구는 인천광역시에 소재한 유치원과 어린이집에 근무 중인 유아교사 60명을 대상으로 Novak과 Gowin(1984)이 고안한 개념도를 사용하여 유아교사가 지닌 유아역사교육에 대한 내용지식 및 그 지식수준을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 구체적으로, 연구자는 유아교사와의 소그룹 면담을 실시하여 유아역사교육에 대한 개념도를 작성하도록 요청하고 이를 분석하였다. 이를 통해 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아교사들에 의해 사용되어진 유아역사교육의 상위개념의 범주는 11개로 확인되었으며, 그 가운데, 교사들이 가장 많이 사용한 상위개념은 '생활양식', 그 뒤를 이어 '문화/예술', 위인'의 순서로 조사되었다. 둘째, 특정 상위개념에 포함된 종속개념 수의 평균을 알아본 결과, '생활양식'이 가장 많은 종속개념을 가지고 있으며, 그 다음으로 문화/예술, 활동방법의 순으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 유아교사가 알고 있는 유아역사교육 내용 가운데 '생활양식'에 대한 지식의 폭이 가장 넓다는 것을 의미하며, 교수-학습 방법의 지식 폭도 상대적으로 넓은 것으로 확인된다. 하지만 위인의 경우는 상위개념에서 빈번하게 확인되었으나 종속개념에서는 그렇지 않아, 그 지식의 폭이 좁은 것으로 확인된다. 학자들은 교사의 교과내용에 대한 관심과 지식이 높을수록 다양한 교수 방법을 활용하여 확장, 분화하여 가르칠 수 있다고 설명한다. 따라서 유아역사교육에 대해서도 교사의 지식이 깊고 체계화되어야 하며 이를 위한 교사 재교육 등의 노력이 필요하다 하겠다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate disease prevalence, parent's educational needs, and disease management according to severity of respiratory infections in early childhood. Methods: Participants for this study were 173 mothers whose child was admitted to I university hospital in Seoul and whose child was an infant or toddler. Data were collected from December, 17, 2014 to February, 15, 2015 using self-report structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM/SPSS 21.0 program. Results: There were significant differences in the severity of respiratory infection according to neonatal admission due to dyspnea, feeding type, atopic dermatitis in the infant or allergic disease in father and siblings. Parent's educational needs for the severe respiratory infection group were higher than for the non-severe group. Parent's disease management for the severe respiratory infection group was lower than the non-severe group. Conclusion: As important care factors in neonatal admissions include dyspnea, cow milk feeding, eczema, family history of allergies, parent's educational needs and disease management, they should be considered when caring for young children with respiratory infections and their parents.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate employee food-hygiene and nutrition awareness and performance and to study the current education programs for children at child care centers and kindergartens located in Seoul, Republic of Korea. A self-evaluated type of questionnaire was developed for foodservice employees and teachers using a five-point Likert scale. Employees with an employment history of <1 year and who were <30 years old had the lowest scores for food-hygiene and nutrition awareness and performance. Employees with a cooking license had a higher awareness score regarding cross-contamination than those without a license. Higher nutritional awareness and performance scores were also observed for employees who had more experience as cooks and who had received a nutrition education than those who did not. Approximately 94% and 76.4% of the employees had experience in sanitation and nutrition education, respectively. Most teachers responded that food sanitation-nutrition education for children seemed necessary in a child-care center; however, only 63.9% of the teachers actually taught sanitation-nutrition education to children. The biggest limitation to conduct food sanitation-nutrition education was the "lack of professionalism" of teachers, because only 48.1% of teachers had received a sanitation- utrition education. Thus, a food sanitation-nutrition education program for foodservice employees and teachers must be developed and implemented actively to improve the quality of food service and nutrition education in child care centers and kindergartens.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4459-4464
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• 2012

Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among cancer patients in Saudi Arabia. It is known that nurses play a key role in promoting breast cancer awareness among women in any society. Nurses in primary health care centres (PHCC) have more direct contact with general population. This study aimed to investigate nurse knowledge of breast cancer and practice of early screening in PHCC in Jeddah city. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to assess the general knowledge of breast cancer, risk factors, and practice of 210 PHCC nurses. Data were analysed using SPSS v.16. Results: The mean age of the PHCC Nurses was 36.9 (SD ${\pm}8.6$). Only 11% percent scored <50% of the total score for general epidemiological knowledge on breast cancer, about 35% scored <50% of the total score for breast cancer risk factors. Sixty seven percent scored >75% of the total score on breast cancer signs. Majority of nurses 62.8% practiced BSE, but only 4% practiced regularly every month. Some 28% practiced once per year. About 81% of the nurses had not had a clinical breast examination and only 14% had had a mammography. The results of the study failed to show any correlation between the knowledge scores with age, education, year of experience, family history of BC and marital status of the nurses. Conclusion:The results from the study reflect that there is a need to provide continuing nursing education programmes for PHCC nurses to improve their breast cancer knowledge and practice.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제42권
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• pp.26.1-26.6
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• 2020

Background: Orofacial clefts (OFCs) comprise a wide range of malformations, including cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip with cleft palate, which can vary in terms of etiology, severity, and disease burden. Objective(s): This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between various risk factors and orofacial cleft disorder spectrum in newborns. Study design: A total of 323 cases and 400 controls were enrolled in this study and evaluated in terms of the maternal history of abortion or miscarriage, child's sex, maternal and paternal age, maternal history of systemic disease, history of medication therapy during pregnancy, birth order, consanguineous marriage, and complications during pregnancy. Results: Analysis of the results suggested that consanguineous marriage, a maternal history of abortion/miscarriage, and complications during pregnancy could potentially increase the risk of OFCs in children (P < 0.05). However, the analyses revealed that the other variables could not potentially increase the risk of OFCs (P > 0.05). Conclusion(s): Multiple cofactors may simultaneously contribute to the formation of such abnormalities; therefore, a comprehensive, multidisciplinary care program is necessary to ensure a successful pregnancy period and the birth of a healthy newborn.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-21
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• 1983

For the flexible and rational distribution of limited existing health resources based on measurements of individual risk, the socalled Risk Approach is being proposed by the World Health Organization as a managerial tool in maternal and child health care program. This approach, in principle, puts us under the necessity of developing a technique by which we will be able to measure the degree of risk or to discriminate the future outcomes of pregnancy on the basis of prior information obtainable at prenatal care delivery settings. Numerous recent studies have focussed on the identification of relevant risk factors as the Prior infer mation and on defining the adverse outcomes of pregnancy to be dicriminated, and also have tried on how to develope scoring system of risk factors for the quantitative assessment of the factors as the determinant of pregnancy outcomes. Once the scoring system is established the technique of classifying the patients into with normal and with adverse outcomes will be easily de veloped. The scoring system should be developed to meet the following four basic requirements. 1) Easy to construct 2) Easy to use 3) To be theoretically sound 4) To be valid In searching for a feasible methodology which will meet these requirements, the author has attempted to apply the“Likelihood Method”, one of the well known principles in statistical analysis, to develop such scoring system according to the process as follows. Step 1. Classify the patients into four groups: Group $A_1$: With adverse outcomes on fetal (neonatal) side only. Group $A_2$: With adverse outcomes on maternal side only. Group $A_3$: With adverse outcome on both maternal and fetal (neonatal) sides. Group B: With normal outcomes. Step 2. Construct the marginal tabulation on the distribution of risk factors for each group. Step 3. For the calculation of risk score, take logarithmic transformation of relative proport-ions of the distribution and round them off to integers. Step 4. Test the validity of the score chart. h total of 2, 282 maternity records registered during the period of January 1, 1982-December 31, 1982 at Ewha Womans University Hospital were used for this study and the“Questionnaire for Maternity Record for Prenatal and Intrapartum High Risk Screening”developed by the Korean Institute for Population and Health was used to rearrange the information on the records into an easy analytic form. The findings of the study are summarized as follows. 1) The risk score chart constructed on the basis of“Likelihood Method”ispresented in Table 4 in the main text. 2) From the analysis of the risk score chart it was observed that a total of 24 risk factors could be identified as having significant predicting power for the discrimination of pregnancy outcomes into four groups as defined above. They are: (1) age (2) marital status (3) age at first pregnancy (4) medical insurance (5) number of pregnancies (6) history of Cesarean sections (7). number of living child (8) history of premature infants (9) history of over weighted new born (10) history of congenital anomalies (11) history of multiple pregnancies (12) history of abnormal presentation (13) history of obstetric abnormalities (14) past illness (15) hemoglobin level (16) blood pressure (17) heart status (18) general appearance (19) edema status (20) result of abdominal examination (21) cervix status (22) pelvis status (23) chief complaints (24) Reasons for examination 3) The validity of the score chart turned out to be as follows: a) Sensitivity: Group $A_1$: 0.75 Group $A_2$: 0.78 Group $A_3$: 0.92 All combined : 0.85 b) Specificity : 0.68 4) The diagnosabilities of the“score chart”for a set of hypothetical prevalence of adverse outcomes were calculated as follows (the sensitivity“for all combined”was used). Hypothetidal Prevalence : 5％ 10％ 20％ 30％ 40％ 50％ 60％ Diagnosability : 12% 23% 40% 53% 64% 75% 80%.