• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
• /
• v.16
• /
• pp.151-166
• /
• 2003

Contemporary Buddhist scholarship in Korea has been strongly affected by its origins in the Victorian era, when Western religious scholars sought to rationalize and historicize the study of religion. Modern Korean scholars, trained within the Western scholarly paradigm, share this prejudice which tends toward the rational. The result is a skewed understanding of Buddhism, emphasizing its philosophical and theoretical aspects at the expense of seemingly "irrational" religious elements based on the direct experience of meditation practice. This paper seeks to look at the historical context in which modern Korean Buddhist scholarship had been shaped during the colonial period of Japan. Two case studies will be examined particularly in the light of post-colonial perspectives of Buddhist studies: the case of Jonghong Bak(1903-1976) and the case of Donghwa Gim(1902-1980), two pioneering scholars in the field of Buddhist studies. They share similarities as well as differences. Both were born and active at almost the same period, during which Korean peninsula experienced modernization forced upon by Japanese colonialism. And thus, the experience of colonialism and modernization brought them into conflict between tradition and modernity. Their responses, however, were different. Pak, originally trained in Western philosophy, especially German philosophy, wanted to study Korean Buddhism in the context of the so-called Korean Philosophy per se. He was motivated to seek for the national and cultural identity of Korea. And thus his scholarship on Korean Buddhism naturally led him to look for an original Korean Buddhism distinct from the Buddhism of India, China and Japan. On the other hand, Gim, who became a monk in his youth, later went to Japan for college where he was exposed to modern Buddhist scholarship. He was the first to introduce modern Buddhist scholarship to Korea, and since then, contemporary Korean Buddhist scholarship owes much to his contributions. Despite his contributions to contemporary Korean Buddhist scholarship, if we look at his efforts in the light of post-colonial perspective, his ideas need to be reevaluate.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.77-88
• /
• 2023

This research focused on the regional and temporal attributes of tuff architecture in Mokpo, spanning the Japanese colonial period and the post-liberation era. It aimed to uncover the distinct regional and temporal features of tuff architecture by integrating concepts from vernacular architecture and regionalism, framed through a lens of critical regionalism. The study traced the historical progression of tuff architecture in Mokpo within this context. A significant part of the research was an in-depth analysis of four constructions by Son Yang-dong, a renowned technician in post-liberation Mokpo, to closely examine the contemporary relevance and regional significance of his work. Tuff, as an indigenous material, distinctly articulates the local architectural character. In line with regional properties of tuff, the material has adeptly responded to contemporary construction needs. This has laid a foundation for the development of innovative building designs and techniques. Tuff architecture is particularly noted for its exhibition of raw material textures, offering a unique aesthetic that diverges from classical Western architectural styles. Importantly, through the examination of Son Yang-dong's contributions, the study highlights the role of Korean builders in an industry dominated by Japanese influences during the colonial period, underscoring a strong regional identity. As a representation of Mokpo, tuff architecture not only upholds and protects regional identity within the broader scope of Western modernization and Japanese impacts but also plays a role in its progressive enhancement.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.59-79
• /
• 2022

We investigated the records of astronomical phenomena in the Hyeonjong-Donggung-Ilgi written by the educational office for a crown prince, Sigang-won, during the time of a crown prince of the king Hyeonjong (i.e., from 1649 to 1659). Of the total of 3,625 days, 3,044 astronomical accounts were compiled from astronomical records of 2,003 days. We classified these astronomical accounts into 16 items, grouped into five categories, and statistically analyzed each group. In our analysis, the accounts for atmos-pheric optical phenomena equates to 57.9% of the total, and for celestial phenomena visible during the daytime the percentage is 17.3%. The records related to the approach between two objects such as planets, moon, and stars account for 3.3%, and solar or lunar eclipses take up 0.6%. The ratio of accounts regarding meteor, comet, and fire light (火光) stand at 13.8%, 0.30%, and 6.8%, respectively. Sunny days account for 71.1% of all days per year during this period. We determined that the distribution of the fire light by month is similar to that of the solar halo. We also found that the astronomical records from the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty correspond to only 30% of those of the Hyeonjong-Donggung-Ilgi for the same period. In particular, the phenomena of celestial objects occurring outside the atmosphere are transmitted to the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty in a higher proportion than the phenomena inside the air. It is therefore necessary to use a historical diary like a Donggung-Ilgi to interpret the phenomena in the air such as atmospheric optical events, meteor, and fire light.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2024.07a
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2024

Flooding presents a significant threat to infrastructure, and climate change is exacerbating these risks. High-speed rail (HSR) infrastructure, designed based on historical data, may struggle to cope with future extreme flood events. Infrastructure stakeholders require forecasting capabilities to predict the intensity and frequency of future floods so they can develop adaptive strategies to mitigate flood risks and impacts. Floods can cause significant damage to HSR infrastructure networks, disrupting their operations. Traditional network theory-based frameworks are insufficient for analyzing the three-dimensional effects of floods on HSR networks. To address this issue, this study proposes a comprehensive approach to assess flood risk and vulnerability under future climate scenarios for HSR networks. The method consists of three components. (i) Generate flood inundation data by utilizing global climate models, Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs), and the CaMa-Flood model. (ii) Fit extreme flood depths to the Gumbel distribution to generate flood inundation scenarios. (iii) Overlay flood scenarios on the HSR network and quantitatively assess network vulnerability based on topology network. When applied to the HSR system in mainland China, the results indicate that flood severity does not necessarily increase under higher SSPs, but may worsen over time. The minimum flood return period that causes HSR disruptions is decreasing, with Hubei Province showing a significant increase in HSR segment failure probability. Discontinuous phase transitions in HSR network topology metrics suggest potential nationwide collapses under future infrequent floods. These findings can inform preventive measures for the HSR sector and flood-resistant standards for HSR infrastructure. The method used in this study can be extended to analyze the vulnerability of other transportation systems to natural disasters, serving as a quantitative tool for improving resilience in a changing climate.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.35 no.9
• /
• pp.755-763
• /
• 2011

Recently, extreme tsunami waves generated by submarine earthquake have caused tremendous damages to the coastal cities and ports. Strong seiche oscillations and runups are observed in specific sea areas around the world. Although no frequent impacts to the coast of Korean peninsula, there exist some important events in the east of Korea in the past. This study focuses on two historical events and recalculate with different fault and rupture mechanism for prediction considering the recent trend of submarine earthquake. The present study of the 1983 Akita tsunamis demonstrates the multi-scale resonance along continental coasts. Together with the Nankai tsunami for inland sea, we have confirmed the inland sea resonance surrounded by islands in defining the impact along the coast. Coherence and wavelet analyses for deducing a predominant period and time frequency are useful in reasoning the inundation. The resonance modes, which are largely independent of the tsunami source, allow identification of at-risk communities and infrastructure for mitigation of tsunami hazards. Furthermore, understanding of the resonance and the predicted runups for the site of power plant and industrial complex in the east coast of Korea would allow better preparation for the future disasters.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2013

The review of the literature had been done to investigate the mechanism of the herbal medicines contained in traditional Korean medical books. We had thought the results could provide the theoretical basis of adding herbal medicies to functional drink. This study is a document research in cluding a historical review of traditional beverages from after the period of the Joseon Dynasty, analysis of the characteristics of tradition the herbal medicine of the Joseon entered the new stage at the era of King Sejong. In the reign of Sejong, there had been a noticeable increase in kinds of herbs. Besides understanding the quality of herbs by provinces, the Joseon government also had pushed ahead with increase policy of herbs. The more the standard of living and incomes have increased, the more the concern of our health has been raised. This social phenomenon has affected on the food& beverage industry. The food& beverage industry of Korea has been already reorganized like the ones in developed countries in the early 21st century. Consumers are particular choosing their beverages; they concern their health, convenience, and taste more than ever. We had selected several herbal medicines contained in functional drink, and investigated the mechanism in field of oriental medicine and pharmacology.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2010

This thesis is about "manggon" that holds down man's top knot hair and its accessaries "pungjam", "kwanja". manggon was seen first time in the mural of Donwhang kae won chon bo during T'ang period (713-756). The "Tu Aek Ra" manggon shown in this mural would be the origin and beginning of maggon's usage. Also the "Sha" that was placed on top of the hair for decoration purpose is believed to be a former form of "manggon" Before the short hair cut was enforced, wearing the "kwan"(head gear) was considered as an impotant etiguette. Thus the head gear was treasured and the manggon which was the most essential piece to cover down the hair before to put on the head gear was regarded as the most important piece. However, since the manggon was tied very tightly around the forehead, manggon caused some sickness. From my private collections of man's head gears and ornament, 121 items were selected and used for analysis and the followings were found: 1. Pungjam was divided into 8 categories according to its shape and a research was made on its unique structural characteristic on each categories. 2. Kwanja's material and design that were used are all in accordance to the historical recordings.

• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.121-132
• /
• 2011

Failure, the research object, means situations when goals and their results are different, which has developed presenting various aspects from ancient times and modern times. Failure is a complex concept which essentially requires judgement, and also a relative concept which can be changed depending on how you set up time base and standard. There are four stages for failure study to have been developed from studying failure through historical facts to the approach of organizational theory and it has been studied by looking at the failure of an organization according to different categories such as a developmental stage, a type of business, a period and a course. Compared with success science, failure study has not been studied sufficiently and also the level of its analysis is low. Thus, since lessons of failure tend to repeat themselves instead of being didactically accumulated, there need more studies on this. This thesis identified the main cause of the failure through various studies regarding failure which have been conducted at home and abroad. What the main cause of the failure that more than three studies mentioned have in common was that it occurred because organizations concentrated on the inside without communicating with external environment. The key point of failure study is to analyze failure, utilize it as assets, and create a frame of failure management. This thesis focused on delivering fragmentary knowledge on failure study, but case studies regarding this subject should be done in the future.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.261-271
• /
• 2000

In order to investigate the function and feature of western men's underclothes in the second half of the 19C, in this study, the historical changes of western men's underclothes are compared the first half of the 19C with the second half of the 19C. In the second half of the 19C, the useful function to ease for body was important. In the 1860's, for day-shirt, the tucked panels was disappeared and the front was pain. But the evening dress-shirt continued to show an expansive front tucked. Coloured shirts was used for country and sporting occasions. Ready-made underwear was used. In the 1870's, the plain breast was introduced and the Gladstone collar was used. Paper collars and dickeys were unfashionable. The drawers was composed a gusset at the back of the waistband. The dress of one generation was became the livery of the next. In the 1880's, a new feature was one stud and the use of pique for the breast. Coloured shirt was composed of stripes across the breast. In the 1890's, height of the collar steadily increased. The coat-shirt and regatta shirt became popular. The nice choice of shirt, collar and tie was a matter of supreme importance .The social status of the white shirt was further threatened by fancy coloured shirts. The mode of relaxation affected sports shirts. By the close of this period, both sexes accepted the hygienic rule of wool next the skin.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.33-55
• /
• 2009

This article analyzes the evolutionary process of Daedeok Science Town from the standpoint of the life of science and technology poles. It deals the theoretical discussion on the science and technology poles, and investigates the history of Daedeok Science Town dividing into the period of conception, construction, and clustering. Daedeok Science Town has been developed from research and academic city through special research parks to innovative clusters, and nowadays emphasizes networking, interaction, and commercialization. This study shows the types of science and technology poles can be analyzed by historical consideration of specific Korean case.