• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.623-634
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• 2022

Chinese Korean dance has been handed down in its original form, and some of the dances have changed slightly due to changes in the names of people or places, but it is a creative dance developed based on the roots of the Korean people. Therefore, it is a unique form of dance art that reflects the history and life of the ethnic Koreans while imbuing the unique psychology, emotions, artistic symbols, and creative talents of the Korean people. In this study, however, it is most important to identify the identity of Korean dance through historical changes in Korean dance and representative works by period, and to increase awareness by examining the characteristics of Korean dance. Therefore, based on the literature, this study will understand the concept and formation process of Korean dance, and examine the characteristics of the representative works of each period by dividing the history of Korean dance into four periods. On the other hand, this study suggests that the biggest challenge of the present era is not to establish and protect the identity of Chinese Korean dance, rather than simple dance.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.336-345
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• 2023

Background: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of intraoperative monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerves during thoracoscopic and robotic 3-field esophagectomy. Methods: This retrospective analysis details our initial experience using intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) during minimally invasive 3-field esophagectomy. Data were obtained from a prospectively maintained database and electronic medical records. The study included all patients who underwent minimally invasive (video-assisted thoracic surgery/robotic) transthoracic esophagectomy with neck anastomosis. The patients were divided into those who underwent IONM during the study period and a historical cohort who underwent 3-field esophagectomy without IONM at the same institution. Appropriate statistical tests were used to compare the 2 groups. Results: Twenty-four patients underwent nerve monitoring during minimally invasive 3-field esophagectomy. Of these, 15 patients underwent thoraco-laparoscopic operation, while 9 received a robot-assisted procedure. In the immediate postoperative period, 8 of 24 patients (33.3%) experienced vocal cord paralysis. Relative to a historical cohort from the same institution, who were treated with surgery without nerve monitoring in the preceding 5 years, a 26% reduction was observed in the nerve paralysis rate (p=0.08). On follow-up, 6 of the 8 patients with vocal cord paralysis reported a return to normal vocal function. Additionally, patients who underwent IONM exhibited a higher nodal yield and a decreased frequency of tracheostomy and bronchoscopy. Conclusion: The use of IONM during minimally invasive 3-field esophagectomy is safe and feasible. This technique has the potential to decrease the incidence of recurrent nerve palsy and increase nodal yield.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.159-206
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• 2019

The objective of the article is to describe the social structure of Uruguay at the beginning of the sixties, presenting the social differences that configured the level of urban centers or localities since the beginning of the 20th century. The willing is to identify what historical processes would have intervened to have institutionalized a highly heterogeneous distribution of welfare in the territory. The sources of information are four: (i) the population censuses of 1908 and 1963; (ii) the agricultural censuses of 1908, 1951, 1956 and 1961; (iii) the work of historical demography; and (iv) the indices published by the General Directorate of Statistics and Censuses in 1971 and 1989. Due to the lack of a dictionary of the localities, the authors matched these sources. The regional configuration processes analyzed here are: the departmentalization of the territory; the agriculturization; the industrialization and the balnearización. In each case, the regional and local impact of the political, economic and social transformation is analyzed. The article dedicate a wide space to describe the changes in the entity, the legal status, the territorial distribution and the wellbeing of the localities, marking especially those under 1500 inhabitants, which make up an important micro-urbanization of the country. The foundation of 70% of the localities occurred during the reformist period that locates that project as a type of "social democratic" State with its "Bismarkian" type traits. The institutionalization of these territories is based on their precarious and very poor character, the inequality in the most elementary welfare enjoyed by the established towns and cities increases. The processes of spatialization that reconfigured the territory during this time, contributed to the urbanization and population relocation, but in a framework in the political project of the "small model country" did not plan on the territory, the state have no special attention to correct the asymmetries in local welfare distribution structures. We finished with the hypothesis that beyond the social advances of the "Battlista" period, the territorial inequality of opportunities has grown between 1908 and 1963 because the lack of a public planification.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-22
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• 1998

Korea boasts of abundant historical earthquake records of almost 1900 events. The epicenters and intensities of these earthquakes are determined on the basis of descriptions and felt areas of the events. It turns out that most of the earthquakes occurred on major faults or tectonic boundaries of the peninsula except for the northeastern part which had been the least disrupted by tectonic disturbances during the Mesozoic. It appears that the crustal layers of the southern and northwestern parts of the peninsula had been severely ruptured during the Mesozoic disturbances and some of the faults thus generated have been active since. The seismicity of the peninsula had been rather low from the first to the fourteenth century, but unusually high from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century, and have been rather low since. This period of unusually high seismicity of the peninsula coincides with that of the northeastern part of China, suggesting the two areas are seismologically closely connected. It appears that most of the seismicity of the peninsula results from the high stress propagating from the Himalayas where the Eurasian and Indian plates collide. The data file of Korean historical earthquakes is not yet complete and supplementary studies are under way. The main purpose of this paper is to provide the data file of Korean historical earthquakes analyzed up to date for geoscientists and engineers in need of this file.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.4-39
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the archetype of the Gyeongju Castle walls and the facilities around it to bring together previous studies and identify the specific scale and structure of the archetype. The findings can be summarized as follows. First, we verified the exact location and dimensions of the castle through an over-lay of land registration maps from the Japanese colonial period, land registration maps from the present day, cadastral maps, and excavation records. Second, the dimension of the rampart and fort of the castle were discovered by combining and analyzing historical evidence, modern research data, historical site studies from the Japanese colonial era, and maintenance records. Third, the historical records related to the yeojang (rampart sub-wall) formats in the Joseon Dynasty were used to examine the archetype of the yeojang. This study led to the discovery of the archetype of the Gyeongju castle yeojang in the early stage of King Munjong's reign (1451), and the archetype created after the Japanese Invasion (16th century). And finally, although most of the rampart is not present, the structure of the castle can be estimated based on historical research, and research materials modern and contemporary(excavation conservation field survey). In addition, this study presented a archetype restoration plan for each site, to be used as foundational data for future restoration projects.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.835-848
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• 2014

This study investigated the relationship between inner characteristics manifested through the characteristics of artistic styles and formativeness manifested through external expressions of architectural styles in the early Medieval Period and early Renaissance Period. The method applied to this study is as follows. First, a historical document research was conducted centering on academic theses, related books, and academic databases; in addition, a case study identified the aesthetic characteristics of women's clothes. The conclusion of this study is as follows. First, the following is the analysis of the relationship between the artistic mode and architectural formativeness in the early Medieval Period and early Renaissance Period that represent a turning point in artistic paradigms. Second, the inner characteristics and eclecticism of the artistic mode literally appear in the formativeness of architectural style in the early Medieval Period, and the eclecticism in the architectural style appears to be expressed through a combination with new styles based on the application of the retro mode such as the eclectic adoption of cultural styles of various regions based on the tradition and technology of ancient Rome. Third, the trend of the aesthetic characteristics commonly appear in the modern style of expression related to the aesthetic characteristics of western women's clothes in the early Medieval Period; in addition, the early Renaissance Period was analyzed as decorativeness and respectively manipulability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.26
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• pp.289-310
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• 1995

The present study aims at investigating the style change of the Korean women's traditional costume and analyzing its character in accordance with the social changes during the period from the civilization in 1884 to the present. The design of the tranditional costume which might be formed in the era of the Three Kingdoms had been slowly modified, and the Korean jacket and skirt design was settled in the Chosun period. In the end of the Chosun period, the drastic social changes such as civilization and revolution, together with the introduction of western dresses, affected strongly the traditional costume design. This led to a change from the old dress design to the stylish and practical one because civilized women and high school girls wore the modified costume composed of long jacket and short skirt or western style dresses. In recent years after 1960's Korean women usually wore traditional costumes as ceremonial dresses be-cause the western style dresses replaced the tra-ditional costume in everyday life. After 1970's, however, the A-line silhouette, combined with ornaments, adapted to the traditional costume in order to emphasize women's beauty, thereby resulting in remarkable modification in the tra-ditional costume. In those days, the large pro-duction of various textiles such as nylon and tetron and the appearance of the traditional costume designers played an important role in developing beautiful traditional costume designs and bringing closer together with general public women. These recent design changes might be classified generally by the following three stages ; (1) "the period of settlement" (1965 1975), (2) "the period of maturity" (1976 1985), and (3) "the period of stabilization" (1986 1995). The costume design of each period was discussed and compared in detail according to historical events. From this study, inherent beauty of the Korean traditional costume can be recognized again, and clarified its position as our folkdress. It is also suggested that in future its modification should be achieved continuously in accordance with tra-dition and modern sense.h tra-dition and modern sense.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.123-131
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• 1998

This research was investigated the improved changes of Korean traditional costume after introducing the western costumes in this society. For this study microfilms of Chosun llbo, the popular newspaper since 1920s, and costume magazines for 1950s and 1960s were examined. The periods of the improved changing of Korean traditional costume were divided by the characteristics of qualitative and quantitative changes. Those were two, such as passive period and active period of change. At passive period, the change was not far from the original from of traditional costume and it was limited to the waist of skirt, length and width. But at active period, there was distinctive change from the previous period. Active period is divided by 2 sub-period again. In 1950s, the concept of darts of western costume was accepted to Korean costume and there was the western clothing for everyday costume, the characteristics of Korean costume were added to the base of the western clothing. It was named 'Arirang dress'. Original Korean costume had worn for special occasions since late 1950s.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.535-550
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the cooking process of $Bibimbab$(cooked rice mixed with various ingredients) appeared in cook books published after Korean modern era, approximately from late 19th century to the present. 7 cook books were chosen to be analyzed. It is found that the ingredients were mixed with the rice before being served in the cook books written in late 19th century until mid 20th century, while the ingredients were separately decorated on top of the rice in the cook books written from mid 20th century until late 20th century. $Gochujang$(Korean chilly paste), which is common spicy seasoning for $Bibimbab$ in the present time, appeared only in $Hangukeumak$(1987) which is written in late 20th century. Prior to $Hangukeumak$(1987), chilly powder or chilly was used for chilly-based spicy seasoning. Cook books written in late 19th century until mid 20th century, ingredients used for $Bibimbab$ had complicated cooking methods such as $Jeonyueo$(assorted pan-fried delicacies), $Nurumi$(fried beef skewer with various vegetables) and $Sanjeok$(grilled beef skewer). From mid 20th century until late 20th century, among the cook books analyzed in this research, only $Hankukyoribaekguasajeon$(1976) suggested $Jeonyueo$ as an ingredient, and in general, the cooking method for preparing beef became simpler. For further studies, firstly, the cooking procedures used for $Bibimbab$ in the prior period to the Korean modern era need to be examined for more information about the changes of cooking style of $Bibimbab$. Secondly, new $Bibimbab$ recipes for modern restaurants could be created by using the recipes used in the historical cook books. Finally, the definitions of culinary terms used in historical cook books need to be clarified.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.1 s.108
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• pp.81-92
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• 2005

In study, various notions regarding historic landscapes and rehabilitation were first investigated, and efficient rehabilitation schemes on modem historic landscapes were analyzed. On the basis of these theological analyses, an underlying scheme on the rehabilitation of modern historic landscapes was drawn up for '40 Stair Cultural Street' in Jung-gu, Busan City. Rehabilitating historic landscapes not only expresses a positive method to preserving sites and relics of heritage, but also an idea of preservation and rehabilitation based on interpretations from a historical perspective of value in this present day. Its significance is, therefore, to construct an ideal urban landscape in which the past, present and future can coexist. The rehabilitation of historic landscapes will become a psychological pillar to the people living in cities and will be able to lead the various types of urban activities as effective landmarks creating accessibility and representing perpetuity, as rehabilitated landscapes last through the passage of time. In addition, since historic and cultural landscape resources significantly represent regional identities and cultural characteristics that are protected and maintained, they may result in the succession of time and space in regional and urban historical culture and contribute to improving local images and impressions, allowing citizens and tourists to experience many diverse historic and cultural environments. The underlying scheme on the development of '40 Stair Cultural Street' in the study has been drawn up with a focus on the rehabilitation of modern historic value drawn out of the 40 stairs. The area around the 40 stairs, which was shaped as a stronghold of refugees who fled for safety during the Korean War, has changed as dramatically as people can no longer get a feel of the circumstances of that period. Local historians and residents, however, still share the joys and sorrows of refugee life as sad memories. Based on the historical fact, landscape planting, street furniture, outdoor color schemes & signage, traffic systems, symbolic 3-D models and pavement designs are underway.