• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2014

Objective : Tarag refers to fermented milk, which has been recognized as daily food of summer in nomadic culture. Also, tarag is cleary defined as a fermented milk product in most of east Asian medical texts. When it comes to tarag-juk described in Korean medical texts, however, there is no definite distinction between milk porridge and tarag-juk. This paper is aimed at finding out whether tarag was merely meaning milk in Joseon. Method : Historical documents of related historical stage, Tibetan and East Asian medical texts, and some cookbooks are mainly consulted, as well as other sources that contains the perception of tarag in Korean history. Result : Tarag is documented as fermented milk in the medical texts of herbs, while tarag-juk is defined as milk porridge in some medical texts in Korea. In one of the Mongolian-Korean dictionary of 18C, milk tea is explained as tarag tea. Conclusion : Although there is not much evidence to back up this conclusion with satisfaction, it would not be to much to say that conception of tarag met some changes from yogurt to boiled milk during Joseon dynasty.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.337-362
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• 2002

The history and culture of using Zhu to help take food in China is a focal question in contemporary Chinese academic circle and leads to various conflicting ideas. This article, based on original historical documents, archaeological findings, cultural relic authentication, field investigation and the author's long-term thinking, comes up with a series of new conclusions. Firstly, Zhu emerged and developed along with cooked food and granular food served in bowls; secondly, there had been a period of using a single Zhu in China's history before two Zhus being used simultaneously; thirdly, the development of Zhu culture went through five historical periods, namely the former form, the interim form, the Jia form, the Zhu form and chopsticks form. In addition, the author gives out his unique viewpoints on some other relevant questions, including the Zhus which can be dated back to the Neolithic Age unearthed at Longqiuzhuang in Jiangsu province, Jiangzhai in Shanxi province etc, and the bronze utensils in the shape of Zhu unearthed in 1934 at Yin Dynasty ruins in Henan province.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to find historical paradigm shift of the environmental subject in Korean school curriculum. For the purpose, two research questions guided this study. First, we would like to find out the changes in environmental education curriculum by interpreting the Korean national curriculum. Second, we want to know about the paradigm shift of environment education in Korea. In this study, curriculum documents, teachers' guide books, textbooks, and other educational materials were used for literature review. The results are as follows: First, Robottom and Hart's frame of three paradigms in environmental education research, positivism, interpretivism and social criticism, was suitable in interpreting curriculum. Second, the curriculum of environment subject has substantially changed from 6th to 2007 revised curriculum. Third, while the 6th curriculum was strongly affected by the positivism and education 'about' the environment, the 7th curriculum had been influenced by the interpretivism and education 'in/through' the environment, and the 2007 revised curriculum is under the influence of the education 'for' the environment and social critical paradigm.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2019

This research explores a historical trajectory of the Milwaukee Art Museum from its establishment to the third expansion over the last six decades. After established in 1957 by the architect, Eero Saarinen, this museum underwent three expansions led by three different architects including, David Kahler, Santiago Calatrava, and James Shields. Reasons for expanding the museum were varied. A lack of exhibition space, an absence of visual identity, and path interruption problem within urban contexts were the main factors of a series of expansion. Furthermore, this research points out that there are three issues in the process of the expansion. The first is connection issues between the downtown and the lakefront in which the museum has blocked the public flow. The second, there were controversies on the allocation of the expanded space among the main body of the decision including architects, curators, and stakeholders. The last one is relationships among architects. This is related to each architect's attitude toward the museum. Drawing on historical documents and interviews with the regional architects, I argue that the identity and values of the museum have changed over time through the expansions rather than having the invariable.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2021

An anthological analysis of known literature and historical sources is carried out in the work. It was found that the development of foreign language training of future professionals was influenced by a number of factors: socio-economic (focus on the needs of the labor market, integration into the international space, scientific and technological progress); educational (updating legal documents in the field of education, standardization of educational content, development of methods of professional development of a specialist). The historical period is analyzed and the following stages are determined: ideological (realization of ideological imperative in language and professional training of future specialists; educational-methodical (preparation according to unified curricula, reading and translation as a leading type of speech activity); integration (integration of foreign language teaching and multicultural education)), methodological (use of traditional verbal methods, standardized textbooks). Thus, the research conducted in the article indicates the periods (stages) of formation, functioning and development of foreign language education.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.75-94
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• 2007

There were many researches on marine transportation and granaries, most of which focused on the historical establishment and organization of the marine transportation. However, a few researches were conducted on the architectural aspects. Hence the purposes of this study are to investigate the following matters: first, documents and relics concerning the tribute granary castle at Cape Gongse in Asan, a typical granary during the Joseon Dynasty, were investigated to academically understand the castle's establishment and historical background; second, the dispositional characteristics of the granary and the castle, including its adjacent facilities, were investigated to review its archaeological value; finally, basic materials were provided for systematical preservation and management these relics. As for the research method, the author referred to and analyzed sundry records and old maps, and ascertained in detail historical evidence through residential testimonies and the on-the-spot surveys. In addition, the author investigated the dispositional characteristics of the tribute granary castle at Cape Gongse by analyzing its exact size and shape, based on the old documents and an actual survey of the castle remains. The characteristics of the tribute granary castle at Cape Gongse may be summarized as follows. First, tribute granary at cape Gongse is a only tribute granary which has a granary and castle. second, the tribute granary castle at Cape Gongse has a curvilinear shape, like a gourd dipper; a large circle surrounding the village and a small circle surrounding the area of Mt. Shinpoong both meet up with it. Third, the construction type of the tribute granary castle at Cape Gongse is in a style similar to a town castle or a battle camp castle located in the coastal regions. As for its locational conditions, however, the east gate, presumably an incoming and outgoing route to the granary for vessels, was a feature unique to the marine granary castle. Fourth, the tribute granary at Cape Gongse had a granary of eighty kan in 1523 and, in addition, there were also Bongsang-cheong, Sa-chang, Joseon-sobakcheo, Chimhae-dang, and more, not to mention many privates houses in the castle. The granary is located in the center of the tribute granary castle, where Gongse Nonghyub is currently located. The location of the government offices seemed to be on the northern ridge. Fifth, the tribute granary castle at Cape Gongse is a valuable relic that offers insight into marine transportation, tribute granaries, and tribute granary castles during the Joseon Dynasty. It has special archaeological value because it was one of only a few tribute granary castles that served to protect the tribute granaries.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.6-20
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• 2022

고구려 벽화고분에 나타난 도상 자료인 절(節)에 대한 3D 디지털 복원을 시도하였다. 기존 연구는 그림 자료를 기반으로 하여 표면적인 디지털 복원을 진행하였는데, 근본적으로 문화유산에 대한 역사·문화적 이해가 부족하였다. 이러한 문제를 극복하려고 학제 간 연구를 시도하였다. 연구 대상인 절은 제왕의 권력을 상징하는 위세품이다. 절은 고구려 시대 깃발의 일종으로서, 세계유산인 안악 3호분에 의장기로 나타나고 있다. 동북아지역에서 고대 시기 절의 원형을 가장 잘 유지하고 있어 복원할만한 가치가 있다. 연구 방법은 문헌자료와 고고미술 관련 자료를 교차 검증하여 절에 대한 문화원형을 복원하였다. 문헌자료를 바탕으로 절에 대한 형태, 색깔 등을 추출하고 이를 다른 그림 자료를 통해 교차 검토하였다. 2D로 복원된 자료는 다양하게 활용하기가 어렵다는 한계를 가지고 있으므로 이를 그래픽자료인 3D로 디지털 복원하였다. 3D 자료는 동영상을 비롯하여 4차 산업혁명 시대에 부응하여 다양한 플랫폼에 적용하여 활용할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 복원 과정을 통해 절이라는 도상 자료에 대한 문화재 가치를 심층적으로 인식하고 보다 구체적인 활용방안까지도 얻을 수 있게 되었다. 복원된 결과물은 3D 형태의 문화콘텐츠이다. 이는 우리 문화유산에 대한 문화 향유권 증진과 그 우수성을 대내외에 홍보할 수 있는 원천 자료로 활용할 수 있다. 후속 연구를 통해 차후 고구려 벽화무덤에 나타나는 도상 자료에 대한 디지털 복원 체계를 구축하고, 문화유산 3D 디지털 복원방식 확산에 기여하고자 한다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.15-33
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• 2009

Objectives : To study for classifying indications and procedure of historical changes, as a preliminary study, we collected and arranged prescriptions of headaches in medical documents after "Hwang-Je-Nae-Gyeong". Methods : 1. The researcher reviewed books, as a bibliography, recording to associate with a headaches in "UI-Bu-Jeon-Rok". 2. In reference books, we collected and arranged the herb medicines related to headaches in chapter of them. 3. In case of no chapter associated with headaches in books, we found prescriptions related to headaches and rearranged them. 4. Applied or added herb medicines were excluded, if the chief virtue was not primarily for headaches. 5. Prescriptions for signs to headaches related to dizziness were excluded. 6. Prescriptions for signs to associated with tremor were excluded. 7. We excluded prescriptions of headaches for dermatological disease. Results and conclusions : 1. Thirty seven documents were referred to the section of a headche in "UI-Bu-Jeon-Rok". 2. Prescriptions of "Sang-Han-Ron", which were related to headaches, were repeatedly quoted in chinese medical publications. 3. Nameless prescriptions of headaches were recorded from earlier books to later publications. 4. It started to record prescriptions of headaches separately from "Hawl-In-Seo" in 1107. 5. Described how to discriminate Naesang from Oegam, but prescriptions of headache were not listed in Dongwon Yi's "Nae-Oe-Sang-Byeon-Hok-Ron" which was published in 1247.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2009

Jecheon is a place of Korean Medicine with many historical characters, medical tales and cultures. One of the most renowned characters is Lee Gong Gi(李公沂), a 扈聖功臣 (title given to the 86 people that escorted king Seonjo during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592) at the level of Huh Jun(許浚) and famous royal physician of Joseon who served King Seonjo and reached the highest position of chief physician. He was recognized for his talent as a royal physician and was conferred with the title of 扈聖功臣 Rank 3 after attending on King Seonjo during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. Despite the fact that he was a renowned man of medicine, he didn't get as much attention as 許浚 or Yang Ye Soo(楊禮壽) because documents on his work had not been studied. In this study, the author was able to study Lee Gong Gi(李公沂) based on documents such as "朝鮮王朝實錄(True Record of the Joseon Dynasty)", "內醫院先生案(Naeeuiwonseonsengan)", "醫科先生案(Euigwaseonsengan)" and on "避難行錄(Pinanhengrok)" by Yakpo Jeongtak (1526~1605) who was a govemmental pharmacist at the time of Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. According to "內醫院先生案" and "醫科先生案", Lee Gong Gi's son Lee Young Nam followed his father's footsteps and became the chief royal pharmacist and 崇政大夫(one of the governmental titles of Joseon Dynasty). As for Jecheon's Korean medical traditions, many forms of medical tales and cultures are preserved such as the tales of Neokgogae, Mountain Ami's medical water cave, Otmaru and Seonsimgol. These tales are divided into various types of great doctors, medical herbs and devoted sons and have been passed down With the origin of traditional medicine still intact. Moreover, ancient documents and artifacts on Traditional Korean Medicine that reflect the area's medical culture have been discovered. Not only is Jecheon a place of medical culture but along with Jecheon Drug Market it also carries on the tradition of medical herbs production and possesses the largest new medical herbs market in Korea. In conclusion, Jecheon is a traditional place of Korean Medicine with many medical cultures and characters from a unique history.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권23호
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• pp.51-66
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• 2011

로돌페 퇴퍼(Rodolphe Toeppfer)가 그림과 글이 결합된 형식을 정의하면서 만화 칸을 이용한 이후로 여러 만화작가들에 의해 만화 칸은 현재와 같은 모습으로 정착했다. 그러나 만화 칸이 본격적으로 정의되기 이전에도 만화 칸의 형식을 엿볼 수 있는 역사적 기록들이 있었다. 역사적인 기록 속에서 칸은 무형 또는 유형의 사각형으로 발견되어왔다. 우리가 지금 보는 만화 칸은 어딘가에서 생겨난 것이 아니라 이전부터 이어진 역사적인 산물이다. 창작자는 이렇게 칸이라고 부르는 틀 안에, 만화의 어휘에 속하는 그림이나 글을 넣는다. 만화 칸은 카메라의 프레임과 비슷하지만 이들과는 달리 가로 세로 비례의 틀이 유동적이다. 창작자들은 다양하게 칸을 이용했고 이러한 과정을 거치며 칸을 정형화시켰다. 결과적으로 만화 칸은 대부분 사각형으로 정립됐다. 만화 칸이 사각형으로 굳어져 간 과정에는 인간의 생활양식에 따른 암묵적인 규칙이 작용했을 것이라고 생각한다. 인간 문명을 이루는 수많은 도형 중에서 만화 칸이 사각형으로 이뤄지게 된 원인이 무엇일까? 본 논문은 이 같은 물음을 근거로 사각형의 형태를 기준으로 이뤄지는 인간의 생활체계를 알아보고 어떤 장점이 만화 칸을 사각형으로 정립되게 만들었는지 연구해 볼 것이다.