• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.243-249
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• 2013

Identification of coating film species from ancient coating materials is needed to maintaine their surfaces without loss of their original beauty for a long time and understand the historical background of manufacturing techniques. A pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was applied to identify the origine of films in ancient coating materials. The pyrolysis products, which reflect the source from which they originate were detected distinctively at $500^{\circ}C$. This is a rapid technique that does not require large amounts of sample or any sample preparation. Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of three isoprene units were identified as cadienes, selinenes, cubebenes from the raw material of dendropanax morbifera. On the other hand, alkanes(tetra~heptadecanes), alkenes (tri~heptadecenes), allkyphenols, catechols and fatty acids were detected from the raw material of the lacquer film. Based on these results, the origine of historic coatings artifacts was identified using py-GC/MS by comparison with their pyrolysis products.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.35
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• pp.269-291
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• 2014

China has countless ancient books that contain thousand years of continuously recorded history across every generation. It is essential to organize the ancient cultural literature in order to better communicate. The study of ancient Chinese literature recently has become a subject of priority. Shi-Ji, one of the representative documents, is used for record keeping because of its experience with ancient Chinese historic materials and artifacts. This draft of Shi-ji is based on ancient Chinese research methods with the purpose to explore the character, phonology, syntax, exegesis and collation of historical value.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.147-157
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• 2015

TExhibiting replicas of major artifacts is becoming common recently to raise their value and help the public to understand them. In Korea, more attention is paid only to appearance in creating replicas of artifacts. It is required to study reproduction technology minimizing damages to originals and applicable to massive artifacts like sculptures in the situation that replicas and artifact reproduction is increasing. To make a replica of the Stone Lion Statue excavated from Woljeong Bridge, a measured drawing and a cross section are produced based on art historical surveys using 3D scans. A non-contact reproduction method is selected. The strength of the non-contact reproduction method is that the output is detailed. Athough the non-contact method has known to be applicable only to small scale artifacts and require reprocess, it is discovered to be applicable to detailed statues like this lion statue. Therefore, this study may contribute to complement the historic authenticity of the statue as well as to raise its academic value. It also can be utilized as research material of similar artifacts'replicas and restoration.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1075-1084
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• 2022

The use of Hi-Tech in cultural heritage preservation and the promotion of cultural heritage values in general, particularly artifacts, opens new opportunities for attracting tourists while also posing a challenge due to the need to reward high-quality excursions to visitors historical and cultural values. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Hi-Tech in new building management have been widely adopted in the construction industry; however, Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) is an exciting challenge in 3D modeling and building management. For those reasons, the Scan-to-HBIM approach involves generating an HBIM model for existing buildings from the point cloud data collected by Terrestrial 3D Laser Scanner integrated with Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), contributes to spatial historic sites simulation for virtual experiences. Therefore, this study aims to (1) generate the application of Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality to Historic Building Information Modeling - based workflows in a case study which is a monument in the city; (2) evaluate the application of these technologies to improve awareness of visitors related to the promotion of historical values by surveying the experience before and after using this application. The findings shed light on the barriers that prevent users from utilizing technologies and problem-solving solutions. According to the survey results, after experiencing virtual tours through applications and video explanations, participant's perception of the case study improved. When combined with emerging Hi-Tech and immersive interactive games, the Historic Building Information Modeling helps increase information transmission to improve visitor awareness and promote heritage values.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.140-155
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• 2009

This study tries to find out the special twine technique of flat string and refers to historical documents, records, artifacts of excavated articles, and real materials. In Japan weaved cloth is called Jomul or Jonue and these methods were brought to Japan from Korea during Aska Period(645${\sim}$710) and Nara Period(710${\sim}$794). Among those knot methods, the 1/1 knot was written as a Shillajo on a documentary record at Heian Period, Engisik, and Samdaesillok which is a historic document from King Saiya to King Gowooko(858${\sim}$887). Also 2/2 knot weaving was recorded as Goryeojo that the technique originated for a long time in Japan. During the Joseon Dynasty, Gunmok was written as Dahoi, and Gwangdahoe, which means wide and flat Gunmok, was the name of Dae(Belt). The frame for the twine Gwangdahoe is no longer in Korea, but only can be found in Japan as a Goraiwoochi loom for Shillajo and Goryeojo from Korea. There are currently artifacts by the techniques of Shillajo and Goryeojo that were excavated in 15${\sim}$17C in Korea. Therefore this study was looked into the artifacts from 6${\sim}$8C in $Sh{\"{O}}so$-in, and the features of Dae (Belt) weaved by Shillajo and Goryeojo case method. Gwangdahoe excavated artifacts in the mid Jeosun Dynasty was restored by the process of Goryeojo weaving method.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.141-147
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• 2005

Although the importance of good conservation of historic sites including ancient royal tombs is wet] aware, still not much attention has been paid for the facilities and systems to preserve those historic sites, which includes precious artifacts as wall paints and carved works, etc. Even the general understanding about the environment of the underground space of tombs is not satisfactory. In the present study, vibration levels due to the operation of an HVAC system to maintain the desired indoor temperature and humidity are investigated experimentally. According to the measured data, the level of vibration inside the present model tomb with the indoor unit inside, showed order of magnitude less values than the Swiss Standards, but still higher than the value suggested by German standards, which is, zero. For the vibration level depends not only on the system design, but also on the installation methods, further study will be pursued for cases including different ways of installation.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.29-34
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• 2006

Although the importance of good conservation of historic sites including ancient royal tombs is well aware, still not much attention has been paid for the facilities and systems to preserve those historic sites, which includes precious artifacts as wall paints and carved works, etc. Even the level of general understanding about the environment of the underground space of tombs is not satisfactory. In Korea, researchers have recently begun addressing the importance of maintaining proper environment for underground space as of ancient tombs and are making efforts to develop suitable HVAC(heating, ventilating and air-conditioning) systems for them. In this study, an HVAC system for a tomb ($D{\times}W{\times}H=1.3m{\times}3.0m{\times}1.2m$) was installed to maintain suitable indoor conditions for conservation of tomb. The temperature and humidity inside the tomb were measured to represent the performance of the installed duct-type HVAC system. Vibration levels due to the installed an HVAC system are alive investigated experimentally. According to the measured data, the level of vibration inside the present model tomb with the duct-type unit showed significantly lower values than the case with the indoor unit inside.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.15 no.3 s.47
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• pp.202-208
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• 2006

Although the importance of good conservation of historic sites including ancient royal tombs is well aware, still not much attention has been paid for the facilities and systems to preserve those historic sites, which includes precious artifacts as wall paints and carved works, etc. Even the general understanding about the environment of the underground space or tombs is not satisfactory. In the present study, vibration levels due to the operation of an HVAC system to maintain the desired indoor temperature and humidity are investigated experimentally. According to the measured data, the level of vibration inside the present model tomb with the indoor unit inside, showed order of magnitude less values than the Swiss Standards, but still higher than the value suggested by German standards, which is, zero. Further study will be pursued for cases including different ways of installation, because the vibration level depends not only on the system design, but also on the installation methods.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.6 s.119
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• pp.111-129
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• 2007

Industrial heritage artifacts may include the industrial products, technologies and infrastructures that have contributed to modernization beginning with the Industrial Revolution. The history of our industrial heritage spans 50 to 150 years and can be characterized by taking into account the site and the technology. This paper analyzes 13 precedents in Japan, Canada, and the United States in terms of these concerns, with focus on the reuse of abandoned mines as industrial heritage. Field surveys and interviews about each abandoned mine were used to obtain historical records and material. The results describe progress in three phases (1) recognizing phase, (2) organizing phase, and (3) maintenance management phase. A proper methodology for reuse is necessary to ensure the authenticity of the abandoned mine, particularly in the face of poor tourism-oriented approaches. As a result of analyzing the 13 cases, we determined that the following principles should be considered during the reuse process. Firstly, reuse of abandoned mines should not be compulsory but should be a spontaneous process and especially, should be carried out by inhabitants. Secondly, education and real experiences in the abandoned mine should be used to ive visitors a feeling of authenticity. Thirdly, creative remodeling methods can be used to enhance the abandoned mine's facilities and the site. Finally, historic and new functions should be the focus of the revitalization. Because this paper mainly focused on 13 precedents, there are likely more diverse cases. However, the conclusions of this report have practical value for reuse of abandoned mines and can be used in establishing methods for reusing Korean abandoned mines as industrial heritage.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.134-149
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• 2013

The Sudang-ri Site in Geumsan is considered the historic site where Baekje dominated the inland traffic route to Gaya through Geumsan and Jinan in the 5th Century. This study identified the production techniques of iron by conducting an analysis of metallographical microstructure of the artifacts such as an iron sword and an iron sickle that were excavated in Sudang-ri Site, Geumsan, one of the regions ruled by Baekje, and tried to figure out the characteristics and the technical systems of Baekje's ironmaking around the 5th Century by comparing them with other iron artifacts produced around the same time. The analysis showed that various production techniques were applied to the artifacts excavated in Sudang-ri Site, Geumsan. Depending on the production techniques, they can be divided largely into three methods: the simple shape-forging method, the steel manufacture method after forging, and the steel manufacture & heat-treatment method after forging. The iron sickle from the stone chamber tomb No. 1, which was produced only through forging, is mostly composed of soft ferrite at both edges of the blade and at the rear making the use of the weapon impractical. From this fact, it is presumed that they were produced as burial objects or ceremonial accessories for the person buried. The iron axe from the outer stone coffin tomb No. 1 and the iron swords and sickle from the outer stone coffin tomb No. 12, which were produced through the steel manufacture method after forging such as carburizing, did not go through the heat treatment such as quenching, but applied different production processes to each part. Therefore, it is deemed that they were produced as daily tools for cultivation rather than burial objects or ceremonial accessories. The production techniques following the forging process - carburizing and heat treatment - can be found on the iron swords from the outer stone coffin tomb No. 5 and the outer stone coffin tomb No. 12. The sturdy structure of the blade part and the durable structure of the rear processed with heat are deemed to have been produced as weaponry and used by the person buried. Based on the analysis of the iron artifacts excavated from Sudang-ri Site in Geumsan, the characteristics of iron production techniques were investigated by comparing them with the artifacts from Yongwon-ri Site in Cheonan, Bongseon-ri Site in Seocheon, and Bujang-ri Site in Seosan that were made around the same time as the cluster of Baekje tombs examined by the metallographical microstructure analysis of this study. For the iron artifacts analyzed here, the changes in the techniques were investigated using the iron swords common in all of the tombs. In the case of the iron swords, it was identified the heat treatment technique called tempering was applied from the 4th Century.