• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2010

Purpose: We examined the radioprotective effects of 5-androstendiol (5-AED), a natural hormone produced in the reticularis of the adrenal cortex, as a result of intestinal damage in gamma-irradiated C3H/HeN mice. Materials and Methods: Thirty mice (C3H/HeN) were divided into three groups; 1) non-irradiated control group, 2) irradiated group, and 3) 5-AED-treated group prior to irradiation. Next, 5-AED (50 mg/kg per body weight) was subcutaneously injected 24 hours before irradiation. The mice were whole-body irradiated with 10 Gy for the histological examination of jejunal crypt survival and the determination of the villus morphology including crypt depth, crypt size, number of villi, villus height, and length of basal lamina, as well as 5 Gy for the detection of apoptosis. Results: The 5-AED pre-treated group significantly increased the survival of the jejunal crypt, compared to irradiation controls (p<0.05 vs. irradiation controls at 3.5 days after 10 Gy). The evaluation of morphological changes revealed that the administration of 5-AED reduced the radiation-induced intestinal damages such as villus shortening and increased length of the basal lamina of enterocytes (p<0.05 vs irradiation controls on 3.5 day after 10 Gy, respectively). The administration of 5-AED decreased the radiation-induced apoptosis in the intestinal crypt, with no significant difference between the vehicle and 5-AED at 12 hours after 5 Gy. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the administration of 5-AED has a protective effect on intestinal damage induced by $\gamma$-irradiation. In turn, these results suggest that 5-AED could be a useful candidate for radioprotection against intestinal mucosal injury following irradiation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2010

Background: Our goal was to evaluate anti-calcification effects of decellularization and diverse fixing methods including preincubation of the bovine pericardium with ethanol. We also assessed changes in mechanical properties. Material and Method: Harvested bovine pericardium was decellularized with 0.25% sodim dodecysulfate and then treated with 5 methods of fixation: (1) 0.5% glutaraldehyde (GA) for 14 days, (2) 0.5% GA for 5 days, 2% GA for 2 days and 0.25% GA for 7 days, (3) 0.5% GA for 5 days, 2% GA for 2 days, 0.25% GA for 7 days, and then 70% ethanol for 2 days, (4) 0.5% GA for 5 days, a mixture of 2% GA and 70% ethanol for 2 days, and 0.25% GA for 7 days, (5) 0.5% GA for 5 days, a mixture of 2% GA, 65% ethanol, and 5% octanediol for 2 days and then 0.25% GA for 7 days. All treated bovine pericardia were tested for histological variables, lipid content, and mechanical properties including tensile strength and thermal stability. A total 10 kinds of differently treated bovine pericardia were implanted into rat subdermis and harvested 8 weeks later. Harvested pericardia were evaluated for calcium content. Result: No protein denaturation was observed microscopically after decellularization. There was a 32% mean decrease in tensile strength index after decellularization in the bovine pericardium group fixed. Octanediol preincubation attenuated the decrease in tensile strength and maintained thermal stability. TG and cholesterol were not affected by decellularization but were decreased by organic solvent. Calcium content was decreased after decellularization, and organic solvent preincubation decreased calcification in the non-decellularized bovine pericardium group. Conclusion: Decellularization and organic solvent preincubation have anti-calcification effects but decellularization may cause mechanical instability. A method of decellularization and fixation that does not cause damage to matrices will be needed for evaluation of the next step in using tissue-engineering for replacement of cardiac valves.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.1090-1098
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• 2016

The anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Grateloupia crispata (GCEE) were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages. Anti-inflammatory effects were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. There was no cytotoxic effect on proliferation of macrophages treated with GCEE compared to the control. GCEE significantly inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, and $IL-1{\beta}$] as well as nitric oxide in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, GCEE suppressed expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ in a dose-dependent manner. GCEE significantly reduced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. In the in vivo test, evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of GCEE was performed using croton oil-induced ear edema in ICR mice. Oral administration of 10 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg of GCEE significantly reduced ear edema in a dose-dependent manner compared to croton oil-induced mice. Moreover, GCEE reduced ear thickness and the number of mast cells compared to croton oil-induced mice in the histological analysis. These data suggest that GCEE could be used as a potential source for anti-inflammatory agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1344-1349
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Welsh onion administration on $CCl_4$-induced hepatic injury in rats. The increasing rate of the body and organ weight was not significantly different by the ad-ministration of the Welsh onion. Welsh onion (2, 4, $10\%$ w/w) was given for 4 weeks with the injections of $CCl_4$. Total serum lipid was significantly decreased in all treatment groups compared to $CCl_4$ only treatment group (p<0.05). The Welsh onion from winter season was more protective effect by lowering the serum levels of transminase (SGOT and SGPT) compared with others, the levels of transminase - phosphatase (ALP) in serum. The Welsh onion from winter at a dose of $4\%,\;10\%$ (w/w) showed significantly hepatoprotective activity which was comparable to that $CCl_4$-induced hepatic damage. Histological evaluation showed that Welsh onion partially prevented $CCl_4$-induced inflammation, necrosis and vacuolation. Pretreatment of Welsh onion reduced extent of the necrosis found 24 hr after the intraperitoneal administration of $CCl_4$. The present study shows the liver protective action of the Welsh onion against experimentally induced liver damage in rats. This suggests that the Welsh onion may be used as an effective hepatoprotective agent.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2003

With the advent of stage-adapted multimodal regiments for esophageal malignancy, accurate staging has become of utmost importance. Endoscopic ultrasono graphy(EUS) i.: a diagnostic method for the local staging of esophageal cancer, in particular for T and N evaluation. The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic efficacy of the EUS and to evaluate the relation between prognosis and EUS findings. Material and Method : We reexamined the cases of 88 consecuitive patients who underwent transthroacic esophagectomy and cervical esophagogastrostomy for esophageal cancer from January 1991 to July 2001 We compared EUS findings, histological results and outcomes. Result : There were 83 male(94.3%) and 5 female. Median age was 61.3 years old. Overall staging accuracy were 59.0% for T staging and 76.0% for N staging, In early T staging group, the accuracy was 74.9% except 74 stage. However significant differences were not found in the ability of EUS-determined T-stage and N-Stage to predict survival. Multivariate analysis showed EUS-stage to predict survival. Conclusion : EUS provides a high degree of accuracy in assessing both T and N parameters in staging esophagal cancer. EUS should be performed in all patients with esophageal cancer, not only for staging before therapy, but also as a valuable method of determining prognosis.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2006

To evaluate the functional status of ovarian cyst in Korean native cows, progesterone ($P_4$) and estrogen ($E_2$) level of cystic follicular fluid, ultrasonography for measuring the cystic diameter and thickness of cystic wall, and histological findings were investigated in cystic ovaries from slaughtered Korean native cows. Ovarian cysts were classified as single follicular cyst 51 cows (59.3%), multiple follicular cysts 19 cows (22.1%), single luteal cyst 13 cows (15.1%) and multiple luteal cysts 3 cows (3.5 %) by anatomical and ultrasonography. Ovarian cysts were classified as follicular cysts (54 cows), luteal cyst (16 cows) and non-functional ovarian cyst (16 cows) by hormone analysis, anatomical finding and ultasonography The luteal cyst was accurately diagnosed by cystic wall thickness, but follicular cysts was misdiagnosed 16 cows of 70 cystic cows The cystic fluid $P_4$ concentration was 3.3 ng/ml in follicular cysts and 30.1 ng/ml luteal cysts. There was significantly positive correlations between cystic wall thickness and serum $P_4$ concentration in follicular ($r^2=0.59$, p<0.001) and luteal cysts ($r^2=0.65$, p<0.001). These results indicated that ovarian cysts had various stages of degeneration and luteal cyst was accurately diagnosed measurement of cystic wall thickness by ultrasonography, but follicular cysts were not diagnosed only cystic diameter and cystic wall thickness.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.957-966
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of BPA on reproductive characteristic and blood hematological and chemical values in mice. The male mice were intraperitoneally injected BPA in native control(no treatment), positive control(corn oil, 3$m\ell$/kg B.W), 0.05, 0.5 and 5.0mg BPA/kg B.W and female mice were injected BPA in control(corn oil, 3$m\ell$/kg B.W), 0.05, 0.5 and 5.0mg BPA/kg B.W with 5 times at 3 days interval for 14 days. The administration of BPA in male mice didn't affect the body and reproductive organ weight such as testis, epididymis, vesicular gland and coagulating gland. We found that the 5.0mg BPA group was significantly reduced the sperm concentration and increased the sperm abnormality compared to native, positive control and 0.05mg BPA groups(P<0.05), but any other effects were not found in sperm viability and motility in BPA treatment groups. The RBC, HB, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, albumin, BUN and total protein of blood hematological and chemical values in male were not different in all experimental groups(P>0.05). However, the value of WBC was slightly lower in BPA treatment groups than that of control groups and PLT was slightly higher in BPA groups than that of control groups, but not significantly defference among the experimental groups(P>0.05). In female mice, the effects of BPA on body weight didn’t affect in all experimental groups, but ovary weights in 0.5 and 5.0mg BPA groups were significantly increased compared to those in control and 0.05mg BPA group(P<0.05). The uterine weight in BPA groups was slightly higher than that of control group, but not significantly different in all experimental groups(P>0.05). The RBC, Hb, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, albumin and total protein of blood hematological and chemical values in female were not different in all experimental groups(P>0.05). The values of WBC and PLT in BPA groups were slightly higher than that of control, but not significantly different among the experimental groups. The concentration of BUN was the higher in BPA groups than that of control group. The histological evaluation of testis, ovary and uterus were not different in all experimental groups.

• Development and Reproduction
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2004

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) on reproductive characteristic, blood hematological and chemical values in mice. The male mice were intraperitoneally injected DEHP in negative control(no treatment), positive control(corn oil, 3ml/kg B.W), 0.5, 1.0 and 10.0mg DEHP/kg B.W and the female mice were injected DEHP in control(corn oil, 3ml/kg B.W), 0.5, 1.0 and 10.0mg DEHP/kg B.W with 5 times for 15 days on 3 days interval. The administration of DEHP in male mice were not affect on body weight, epididymis, vesicular gland and coagulating gland weight. The testis weight were slightly higher in DEHP treatment groups than in control. The semen characteristics(sperm concentration, viability, motility and abnormality) of male mice were not difference in all experimental groups. The RBC, Hb, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC< PLT, albumin, BUN and total protein of blood hematological and chemical values were not affect the administration of DEHP in mice. The WBC values in 10.0mg DEHP group was slightly difference in all experimental group(P>0.05). The histological evaluation of testis, ovary and affevt the reproductive characteristic, blood hematological and chemical values.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1234-1244
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• 2013

This study aimed to analyze the ten years cancer incidence based on diagnosis years 2000-2009, and to evaluate the quality of cancer registry in Daejeon City and Chungcheongnam-Do, Korea. Crude incidence rate and age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) in these two regions were compared, and validity of incidence data was assessed by three indicators; age unknown (Age UNK%), histological verification (HV%), and death certificate only (DCO%). Mortality/incidence ratio (M/I ratio) was used to evaluate completeness of incidence data. Incidence rate differences were assessed using Poission distribution and calculated their 95% confidence interval of ASR, and those by sex, age, and region were compared by incidence rate curve. As a result, the highest cancer site during 2000-2009 was stomach in both regions, and incidence prpportion were 18.8% in Daejeon, 21.5% in Chungnam. The overall cancer incidence was higher in males than in females, and ASR of total cancer in Daejeon increased 0.6% (from 322.1 to 323.9 per 100,000) for men and 60.3% (from 203.9 to 326.8) for women, that in Chungnam increased 14.3% (from 294.7 to 336.9) for men and 70.7% (from 156.5 to 267.1) for women. The Age UNK% during 2000-2009 were 0.0% in both regions. MV% for men was increased from 71.8% to 88.5% and that for women was increased from 78.1% to 93.2%. DCO% for men was decreased from 6.4% to 0.7% and that for women was decreased from 5.4% to 0.8%. M/I ratio was ranged from 15.3% to 62.1% and can be evaluated fairy good registration.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.362-368
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to evaluate a usefulness of serum SCC antigen in diagnosis or evaluation of therapeutic effect of lung cancer by investigation of the differences of SCC antigen concentration in lung mass according to TNM staging, and mass size of lung cancer. And the other aim was to know whether SCC antigen plays a role in infiltrative growth of lung cancer or not, comparing with concentration of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFr) in tissue which is related with growth and differentiation of tumor cell. The results of this study were as follows. The concentration of SCC antigen in squamous cell carcinoma of lung(69${\pm}$25ng/ml) was higher than in unaffected lung tissue(34${\pm}$7ng /ml).(p＜0.05). The concentration of SCC antigen was higher in squamous cell carcinoma (69${\pm}$25ng/ml) than in adenocarcinoma (35${\pm}$25ng/ml) (p＜0.05), but the concentration of EGFr showed no any significant difference in both histological types. In small sized mass(＜3cm in diameter) the concentration of SCC antigen in central portion of tumor was higher than that of peripheral portion, whereas in large sized mass($\geq$5cm in diameter), the concentration of SCC antigen in peripheral portion of tumor was higher than that of central portion.(p＜0.05). The concentration of EGFr according to tumor size was not significantly different in central and peripheral portion of tumor. The concentration of SCC antigen according to TNM staging of lung cancer was that from central portion was higher in stage I, II, but that from peripheral portion was higher in stage III, IV (p＜0.05). The concentration of EGFr from central portion was higher in higher TNM stage(not significant) but that from peripheral portion shows no significant changes. In conclusion, the concentration of SCC antigen in tissue was higher in squamous cell carcinoma than in unaffected lung tissue or adenocarcinoma, and the concentration of SCC antigen increased according to tumor size or TNM staging like in serum level. so, serum SCC antigen is a useful tumor marker to diagnose or evaluate therapeutic effect of squamous cell carcinoma of lung. But further studies are necessary to confirm the relation of infiltrative growth in lung cancer and concentration of SCC antigen because there was a different pattern of regional tissue concentration of SCC antigen and EGFr