• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2587-2592
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• 2016

Background: Early onset sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a biologically and clinically distinct entity hypothesized to exhibit differences in histological features and microsatellite instability (MSI) as compared to typical onset CRC. This study compared the MSI status, mismatch repair enzyme deficiency and clinicopathological features of early onset (aged ${\leq}45$ years) with controls (>45 years). Materials and Methods: A total of 30 cases and 30 controls were analyzed for MSI status using the Bethesda marker panel. Using antibodies against hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6, mismatch repair protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Molecular characteristics were correlated with clinicopathological features. Results: The early onset sporadic CRCs were significantly more poorly differentiated tumors, with higher N2 nodal involvement and greater frequency of signet ring phenotype than the typical onset cases. MSI was observed in 18/30 cases, with 12/18 designated as MSI-high (MSI-H) and 6/18 designated as MSI-low (MSI-L). In the control group, 14 patients exhibited MSI, with 7 MSI-H and 7 MSI-L. MSI tumors in both cases and controls exhibited loss of hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6. MSS tumors did not exhibit loss of expression of MMR proteins, except hMLH1 protein in 3 controls. No statistically significant difference was noted in MSI status or expression of MMR proteins in cases versus controls. Conclusions: Microsatellite status is comparable between early and typical onset sporadic CRC patients in Pakistan suggesting that differences in clinicopathological features between these two subsets are attributable to other molecular mechanisms.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.365-374
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Gamisaenggan-tang on high fat diet induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups. The Normal group was fed a solid diet containing 10% fat. The Gamisaenggan-tang (GS) group was fed a solid diet containing 10% fat and Gamisaenggan-tang (90mg/100g body weight). The Control group was fed a solid diet containing 60% fat. The HFD-Gamisaenggan-tang (HFD-GS) group was fed a solid diet containing 60% fat and Gamisaenggan-tang (90mg/100g body weight). Six weeks later, rats body weight, liver weight, serum ALT, GGT, ALP levels were measured. Histological findings (Oil red O staining), hepatic triglyceride, TNF-${\alpha}$, and TGF-${\beta}$ levels in the liver tissue were studied. Results: Average body weight of the HFD-GS group was significantly less than that of the Control group. There were no significant liver weight differences among each group. The GGT levels of the HFD-GS group were significantly less than those of the Control group. However, there were no significant differences in the ALT or ALP levels among the groups. TNF-${\alpha}$ protein production assessed by western blot analysis was reduced by Gamisaenggan-tang. Greater fat accumulation was observed in the liver tissue of the Control group than in the HFD-GS group, which means the Gamisaenggan-tang has an inhibitory effect on the accumulation of fat in the liver. Conclusion : The results suggest that Gamisaenggan-tang can be potential candidate for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in clinics.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 2010

Purpose: On this study, we investigated the effects of curcumin and adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) in wound healing process, especially in the aspect of synergic effects when they were administrated simultaneously. Methods: Curcumin (40 mg/kg) and/or $1.0{\times}10^6$ ADSCs were applied to an $1.5{\times}1.5\;cm$-sized full thickness wound on the backs of male Lewis rats (n=5 in each group). In control group (n=5), saline was administrated instead of curcumin and ASCs. The wound size was followed by computer planimetry in 5, 7, and 14 days, and wounds were harvested for histological analysis in 7 and 14 days. Results: The dimensions of wounds of curcumin, ADSCs, and curcumin-ADSCs group significantly decreased in 5, 7, 14 days compared with those of control group (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences among three groups. The wound sizes were lowest in curcumin-ADSCs group compared with the other groups, but the differences were insignificant (p>0.05). There were infiltration of more epithelization and more precisely organization of extracellular matrix in curcumin, ADSCs, and curcumin-ADSCs group compared with those of control group. Conclustion: The results suggest that curcumin and ADSCs have beneficial effects in the acceleration of wound healing. Although the simultaneous application of curcmin and ADSCs also has beneficial effects on wound healing, there are no significant synergic effects.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.494-500
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Evidence indicates that berry anthocyanins are anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. However, berries differ vastly in their anthocyanin composition and thus potentially in their biological and metabolic effects. The present study compared hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of blueberry (BB), blackberry (BK), and blackcurrant (BC) in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat (HF; 35% fat, w/w) control diet or a HF diet supplemented with freeze-dried 5% BB, 6.3% BK or 5.7% BC for 12 weeks (10 mice/group) to achieve the same total anthocyanin content in each diet. Plasma lipids, antioxidant status and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. The expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense, inflammation, and lipid metabolism was determined in the liver, epididymal adipose tissue, proximal intestine, and skeletal muscle. Histological analysis was performed to identify crown-like structure (CLS) in epididymal fat pads to determine macrophage infiltration. RESULTS: No differences were noted between the control and any berry-fed groups in plasma levels of liver enzymes, insulin, glucose, ferric reducing antioxidant power, superoxide dismutase, and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$. However, BK significantly lowered plasma triglyceride compared with the HF control and other berries, whereas BC significantly reduced F4/80 mRNA and the number of CLS in the epididymal fat pad, indicative of less macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence that BB, BK and BC with varying anthocyanin composition differentially affect plasma lipids and adipose macrophage infiltration in DIO mice, but with no differences in their antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory potential.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.759-764
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• 2003

This study was carried out to understand the effects Of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen and Silk Worm powder on blood sugar in the db/db mice. Refined Bambusae Caulis in LiquamenD(BCL,D)manufactured by high temperature production process and Silk Worm Powder were used. The Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen extracted from bamboo charcoal manufacturing process was filtered and refined. The effects of BCL.D + Silk Worm Powder and BCL.D were observed in terms of blood sugar, creatinine, BUN, GPT and histological examination of pancreatic tissue in db/db mice. The results were as follows : The amount of glucose was slightly decreased (P < 0.05) in the B CL.D+SWP groups compared with the control. The amount of glucose was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the BCL.D groups compared with the control. The amount of Creatinine did not show any differences among three groups. The amount of blood urea nitrogen observed significant decrease in the case of BCL.D groups. The amount of GPT did not show any differences among three groups. The intense of insulin-immunoreactivity of β cells showed the strongest in the normal group, and more strong in the BCL.D+SWP group compared with control group.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.370-377
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• 2017

Background Composite grafts are frequently used for facial reconstruction. However, the unpredictability of the results and difficulties with large defects are disadvantages. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) express several cytokines, and increase the survival of random flaps and fat grafts owing to their angiogenic potential. Methods This study investigated composite graft survival after ADSC injection. Circular chondrocutaneous composite tissues, 2 cm in diameter, from 15 New Zealand white rabbits were used. Thirty ears were randomly divided into 3 groups. In the experimental groups (1 and 2), ADSCs were subcutaneously injected 7 days and immediately before the operation, respectively. Similarly, phosphate-buffered saline was injected in the control group just before surgery in the same manner as in group 2. In all groups, chondrocutaneous composite tissue was elevated, rotated 90 degrees, and repaired in its original position. Skin flow was assessed using laser Doppler 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after surgery. At 1 and 12 days after surgery, the viable area was assessed using digital photography; the rabbits were euthanized, and immunohistochemical staining for CD31 was performed to assess neovascularization. Results The survival of composite grafts increased significantly with the injection of ADSCs (P<0.05). ADSC injection significantly improved neovascularization based on anti-CD31 immunohistochemical analysis and vascular endothelial growth factor expression (P<0.05) in both group 1 and group 2 compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences in graft survival, anti-CD31 neovascularization, or microcirculation were found between groups 1 and 2. Conclusions Treatment with ADSCs improved the composite graft survival, as confirmed by the survival area and histological evaluation. The differences according to the injection timing were not significant.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.109-115
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• 2017

Purpose: This study analyzed the effects of digastric muscle injury on mandibular growth in young rats. Methods: Fourteen 4-week-old Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups; experimental group A (n=6) with unilateral (right) shortening of the posterior digastric muscle, experimental group B (n=6) with bilateral shortening of the posterior digastric muscles, and control group C (n=2) who underwent a sham operation. Eight weeks after the operation all animals were sacrificed and the outcomes were compared using body weight evaluation, mensurations on lateral radiograph of hemimandibles and histological evaluation. Results: There was no significant difference between groups A and B in body weight gain. Comparison of the mean values of hemimandible distance on radiograph was performed. The difference in group mean value of mandible-related distances was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test (rank sum test) and a comparison of the homonymous distances of group A and B was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. There were differences between sides in mandibular length in group B and mandibular ramus height and transverse width of the condyle in group A (all, p<0.05). There were differences in condylar height and mandibular length on the left side between groups A and B (p<0.05). Histologic examination of temporomandibular joint showed similar findings in all specimens. Conclusions: Injury of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle during the rat growth period induced shortening of mandibular ramus height and transverse width of the condyle. It can be inferred that trauma to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle affects horizontal and vertical growth of the mandible.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.63-67
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze the single-dose oral toxicity of the super key (processed sulfur). Methods: All experiments were conducted at Medvill, an institution authorized to perform non-clinical studies, under the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. In order to investigate the oral toxicity of super key. We administered it orally to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The SD rats were divided into four groups of five male and five female animals per group: group 1 being the control group and groups 2, 3, and 4 being the experimental groups. Doses of super key 500 mg/kg, 1,000 mg/kg and 2,000 mg/kg were administered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, 10 mL/kg, was administered to the control group. We examined the survival rates, weights, clinical signs, gross findings and necropsy findings. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. (Approval number: A01-14018). Results: No deaths or abnormalities occurred in any of the four groups. Although slight decreases in the weights of some female rats were noted, no significant changes in weights or differences in the gross findings between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. To check for abnormalities in organs, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that administration of 500 - 2,000 mg/kg of super key did not cause any changes in the weights or in the results of necropsy examinations. Neither did it result in any mortalities. The above findings suggest that treatment with super key is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject are needed to yield more concrete evidence.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.49-61
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the different administration duration of Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution on the spermatogenic abilities. Methods : We used the 2-month-old mice and administered Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution 0.3mg/g/day for 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. The control group was administered the normal saline in the same way. We examined the number of total, motile and normal sperm from the cauda epididymis, the activities of sperm hyaluronidase. Also we observed changes of isolated testis before and after administration of Ginseng Radix Alba extract solutions in the mice. And we compared to the testicular tissue especially seminiferous tubules between control and treated group by histochemical methods. Results : The significant differences were observed in the concentration of total sperm and normality of spermatozoa of the Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution administered groups compared to the control group in 60, 90 and 120days groups. The significant differences were observed the motility of the Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution administered groups compared to the control group in 90 days group respectively. In the histological analysis of the testicular tissues, the enlargement of testicular lobe diameter and apparent vasculogenesis between testicular lobes were observed in the Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution administered groups compared to the control group, respectively. but the activity of hyaluronidase was not significantly increased in the Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution administered groups Conclusion : This study shows that Ginseng Radix Alba has the beneficial effect on the concentration, morphology and motility of sperm especially in 90 days administration group. We can suggest that Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution be useful for the treatment of male sexual dysfunctions and infertility.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.667-675
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• 2014

Two types of diets, extruded pellet (EP) and raw-fish-based moist pellet (MP) were fed to compare growth, water quality and histology of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus in Jeju fish farm. Two groups of 7000 fish per each tank (initial mean weight 51 g) were fed one of two diets for 7 months. At the end of the feeding trial, significant differences were found in weight gain and feed utilization. Dissolved oxygen (DO) level of the MP tank was decreased from 7.98 to 6.89 after feeding. There were no significant differences in hematocrit, hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase of fish fed the two diets. Whole body protein content of fish fed the EP was significantly higher than that of fish fed the MP. While the feeding rate by month indicated numerically decreased, fish fed the MP had higher feed intake than that of fish fed the EP. Histological examination of hepatopancreas, kidney, and anterior intestine of fish fed the EP did not show any negative effects compared to those of fish fed the MP. This study revealed that EP could substitute for MP in terms of growth performance, blood parameters, water quality and histology of olive flounder.