• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.146-150
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• 2015

Insulation breakdown voltage and insulation lifetime were investigated in straight lines or twisted pairs with polyesterimide-polyamideimide enameled round wires (EI/AIW ). The enamel thickness was 50 μm and the conducting copper radius was 0.50, 0.75, 1.09, and 1.50 mm, respectively. There were many air gaps in a twisted pair therefore, when voltage was applied to the twisted pair, enamel erosion took place in the air gap area because of partial discharge according to Paschen's law. Insulation breakdown voltage and insulation lifetime were highest in the sample of 0.75 mm conductor radius, which was higher than those values for 0.50 mm or 1.09 and 1.55 mm.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2016

In this study, we collect various side effect pairs which are appeared frequently at many drugs, and select side effect pairs that have higher severity. For every selected side effect pair, we extract common genetic networks which are shared by side effects' genes and drugs' target genes based on PPI(Protein-Protein Interaction) network. For this work, firstly, we gather drug related data, side effect data and PPI data. Secondly, for extracting common genetic network, we find shortest paths between drug target genes and side effect genes based on PPI network, and integrate these shortest paths. Thirdly, we develop a classification model which uses this common genetic network as a classifier. We calculate similarity score between the common genetic network and genetic network of a drug for classifying the drug. Lastly, we validate our classification model by means of AUC(Area Under the Curve) value.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.680-691
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• 1993

Rats were fed for an 8-week period a low riboflavin diet(5ug riboflavin/day) or a control diet(30ug/day) supplied either ad libitum or by pair feeding in order to study the effect of riboflavin on the metabolism of lipids and neurotransmitters. Erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR) and monomine oxidase(MAO) activity in the liver and brain were assayed. EGR activity coefficient in riboflavin deficient rats was significantly higher than in ad libitum controls whereas MAO activity was decreased in the deficient rats. Fatty acid composition showed a different trend in the serum, liver and brain. In the serum, the concentrations of essential fatty acids and $\omega$-3 fatty acids(eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid)were decreased about 20-40% in the deficient and pair-fed than in the ad libitum controls. Brain serotonin and 5-HIAA(5-hydroxyindole acetic acid) concentrations were decreased in the riboflavin deficient rats. Learning ability measured by a water maze and exploratory activity using the open field test were not impaired in the deficient rats. These results indicate that brain lipid metabolism was protected in subclinical riboflavin deficiency, however, riboflavin deficiency affected brain serotonin content.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Human breast milk is a potential source of bacteria for the development of the intestinal microbiota of infants. Several species within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were demonstrated to shape the gut microbiota of infants. In this study, the bacterial diversity was investigated in the breast milk and feces of a mother-infant pair, and probiotic candidates were identified. Importantly, the novel L. gasseri EJL and B. breve JTL strains were isolated from breast milk and infant feces samples, respectively; their completed genome was resolved using de novo sequencing. In addition, the bacterial composition in the infant's feces at 1 week revealed the prevalence of Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus; a higher diversity was observed after 3 weeks. In particular, the abundance of Akkermansia was sharply increased at 7 weeks, further increasing thereafter, up to 15 weeks. Our results suggest that human breast milk and infant's feces are a source of probiotic candidates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.372-380
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• 1996

The operation of Far East Chain(GRI 5970) of Loran - C system had been stopped on June, 1995, but that of Korean Chain(GRI 9930) of Loran - C system which was jointed with North West Pacific Chain(GRI 8930) and Russia Chain(GRI 7950) by international cooperation, was started on January 1996. In this paper, in order to study the accuracy of Loran - C fix of Korean Chain, the authors examined and analyzed the data of the reciever of Loran - C(LC -90, Furuno) and GPS(AccNav Sport super (TM), Eagle) measured automatically and continually for 2 seconds at interval of 5 minutes from November 22, 1992, to January 20, 1996 at the fixed position of National Fisheries University of Pusan, The results obtained were as follows ; 1)The mean time differences of M-W, M-X, and M-Y pair measured in the base observed position were 12333.09${\mu}$s, 28338.44${\mu}$s, and 42806.01${\mu}$s respectively and the mean standard deviations of that were 0.0121${\mu}$s, 0.0290${\mu}$s, and 0.0327${\mu}$s respectively. The daily and monthly variance forms of time difference at each pair appeared in a similar reappearance. 2)The mean standard deviations of the latitude and longitude by Loran - C were 9.1m and 17.4m in W.X pair, 11.5m and 13.7m in W.Y pair, and 8.1m and 29.3m in X.Y pair respectively, and then the probable radiuses within 95% of each pair were 39.2m, 35.7m, and 60.8m, respectively. Therefore, It is to be desired that W.Y par is selected to improve the accuracy in Pusan area. 3)The mean standard deviations of the latitude and longitude by GPS were 15.4m and 15.0m and the probable radius within 95% was 43.4m. 4)The position errors for GPS and each pair of Loran - C were 16.0m to the South in GPS and 265.2m to the East in W.X pair of Loran - C, 279.5m to the North in W.Y pair of that, and 224.3m to the North-West in X.Y pair of that, so GPS is about 250m higher than Loran - C in accuracy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.801-810
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• 2003

Chronic alcoholism is considered a common cause of malnutrition. Especially, micronutrient deficiency may playa critical role in the incidence of alcoholic liver diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of folate deficiency and ethanol consumption on cholesterol metabolism and the antioxidative system in rats. Plasma concentration of total cholesterol was increased by ethanol administration in folate-fed rats. HDL-cholesterol tended to be higher in the folate-fed group, but it was not significant. The plasma and hepatic levels of malondialdehyde were increased after chronic ethanol feeding, but dietary folate depressed the plasma malondialdehyde content of rats. Ethanol or folate feeding did not significantly change alcohol dehydrogenase activity. But folate feeding increased catalase activity in ethanol-fed rats. There was no significant change in superoxide dismutase activity among the experimental groups. Glutathione peroxidase activity tended to decrease by chronic ethanol feeding, but dietary folate did not affectthe glutathione peroxidase activity of chronic ethanol-fed rats. Glutathionine-S-transferase activity was not affected by ethanol feeding or folate deficiency. The plasma and hepatic levels of retinol decreased after chronic ethanol feeding. The hepatic level of retinol significantly decreased in ethanol-fed rats by folate deficiency. The plasma level of $\alpha$-tocopherol tended to be low in the folate deficient group with ethanol feeding, but there was no difference among the experimental groups in the hepatic level of $\alpha$-tocopherol. These results demonstrate that chronic ethanol consumption changes the plasma cholesterol metabolism and antioxidative system of rats, and optimal folate feeding in ethanol-fed rats exerts protective effects to some extent.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.193-198
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• 1998

This paper presents the effects of an initial braking velocity, a braking pressure, and the number of braking stop on the tribological behaviors for the three different C-C composites using an inertia dynamic-friction tester. The C-C composites were prepared through the processes of several cycles of pitch impregnation/carbonization with different friction surface texture such as continuous 8-harness satin fabric (ADD-1), chopped fiber (ADD-2) and chopped fiber (ADD-3) having higher fiber volume fraction on friction than ADD-2 by about 10%. ADD-1 exhibited a higher fraction coefficient (0.41~0.33) than those of ADD-2 and ADD-3 (0.32~0.26) under the various initial braking velocities and braking pressures. The fraction coefficients decreased with increasing the initial velocity and the braking pressures. Wear rate by the thickness change after every 25 stop indicated that ADD-2 and ADD-3 having 1.7~2.7 $\mu\textrm{m}$/stop/pair were much lower than that of ADD-1 showing 5.0~6.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$/stop/pair. All specimens showed a little bit lower wear rate during the middle stage than the initial and latter stages among 100 braking stops. ADD-1 showed higher friction coefficient and wear rate due to the active pull-out of the fibers, evidenced by thicker were film and wear debrises.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.553-574
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out effects of prescriptions according to the formula, manipulation of Rhei Rhizoma, configuration. The following results were reached through investigations on the prescriptions using Rhei Rhizoma as a main component. Objectives : Analysis of prescriptions According to the formula : Liquid Extract Prescriptions were used widely on three parts to treat fever and damp heat in the interior organs. Powder Prescriptions were taken with hot water, thin porridge, tea etc. to treat damp heat, congestion of phlegm, acute episodes. Liquid Mixed Pill treat congestion of QI, damp heat, phlegm. Honey Mixed Pill treat accumulated fever, distension, acute excessive fever. Paste Pill treat blood stagnation, excessive toxic-fever, epidemic diseases. External Application treat inflammation by injury, swelling due to severe fever by internal damage. Methods : Analysis of prescriptions According to the manipulation of Rhei Rhizoma : Prescriptions including Liquor processed Rhei Rhizoma treat excessive toxic-fever, congestion of phlegm, blocking orifices on the upper side. Steamed Rhei Rhizoma strengthen effects of making evacuate and cooling of heat. Processed Rhei Rhizoma with vinegar strengthen effects of removing blood stagnation by activating blood movement, releasing gathering. Results : Analysis of prescriptions According to the Composition of Rhei Rhizoma : 41% of the total prescriptions were on the area of less than 20%. In case of lower groups show increased frequency of combination with Pharbitidis Semen, Persicae Semen, Scutellariae Radix and manipulation of baking, steaming, roasting. In case of higher groups show increased frequency of treating excess syndrome, critical illness, acute severe illness, and using proccesed Rhei Rhizoma with vinegar. Treatment of damp heat on the liver and gallbladder, disorder of the spleen and stomach is done mostly by prescriptions on the area of less than 30%. Conclusions : Rhei Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma pair treat damp heat, heat toxins in blood, and Constipation caused by excessive heat. Rhei Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix pair relieve effects of Rhei Rhizoma passing blocked feces, removing the poison, activating blood movement, releasing gathering with the effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix relaxing tension by harmonizing Middle. Rhei Rhizoma-Magnoliae Cortex pair are used to treat damp heat in middle area, excessive heat in the stomach and intestine. Rhei Rhizoma-Pharbitidis Semen pair act on both blood system and QI system treating edema, damp, stagnation, heat toxins, feces. Rhei Rhizoma-Persicae Semen pair treat blood stagnation with fever on blood system.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2004

This study investigated the types and frequencies of student-student questioning (SSQ) in a small group activities, 5 in one group or 2 in one group, during school experiments. Five girls of seventh grade were observed during school experiments and interviewed afterward. Between students, information-type questions were asked more frequently than thought-type questions. Most of the information-type questions were procedural ones and most of the thought-type questions were comprehension ones. However, thought-type questions did not make further discussion in the activities. The rate of answers in the case of 2 in one group was higher than that of 5 in one group. Moreover, the similar tendency was found when we investigated the rate of helpful question-answers. In a pair, lower achiever usually asked questions, not answered as much as in 5 in one group, and higher achiever answered. The frequency of SSQ in a pair was relatively low when there was a big difference of science achievements between pair members. In conclusion, information-type questions were asked more frequently than thought-type questions during school experiments and the rate of helpful question-answers was higher when group members was fewer.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.420-427
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• 2018

The orthogonal pair of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (Sc YRS) and a variant of E. coli initiator tRNA, fMam $tRNA_{CUA}$ which recognizes the amber stop codon is an effective tool for site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into the protein in E. coli. To evolve the amber suppression activity of the orthogonal pair, we generated a mutant library of Sc YRS by randomizing two amino acids at 320 and 321 which involve recognition of the first base of anticodon in fMam $tRNA_{CUA}$. Two positive clones are selected from the library screening with chloramphenicol resistance mediated by amber suppression. They showed growth resistance against high concentration of chloramphenicol and their $IC_{50}$ values were approximately 1.7~2.3 fold higher than the wild type YRS. In vivo amber suppression assay reveals that mutant YRS-3 (mYRS-3) clone containing amino acid substitutions of P320A and D321A showed 6.5-fold higher activity of amber suppression compared with the wild type. In addition, in vitro aminoacylation kinetics of mYRS-3 also showed approximately 7-fold higher activity than the wild type, and the enhancement was mainly due to the increase of tRNA binding affinity. These results demonstrate that optimization of anticodon recognition by engineered aminoacyl tRNA synthetase improves the efficiency of unnatural amino acid incorporation in response to nonsense codon.