• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.524-535
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop the creative hands-on activities using EM (effective microorganisms) that can enhance the environmental literacy of learners, and to examine the effect of its application. The program was composed of 10 sessions, including biological knowledge and ecosystem status of microorganisms, practical activities that stimulate the environmental behavior and emotion of elementary school students, and career design related to their aptitude and occupation in future. This program can also be connected to the domains of creative hands-on activities, that is, career activities, club activities, self-regulated activities and voluntary service activities. In this study, two classes of 3th grades of elementary school in Seoul were selected and divided into two groups. The experimental group to undergo the program of creative hands-on activities using EM showed higher environmental literacy than the control group. In the concrete, it is proven that this program contributed to the improvement of learners' environmental emotion, skill, and behavior. When interviewed with experimental group, we found that sustained EM hands-on activities were conducted in collaboration with their families, and they became more aware of the utilities of EM and could participate in the activities more interestingly. In conclusion, the creative hands-on activities program was very effective and helped elementary students to change their environmental literacy in positive ways.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to observe the children's perception for divorce remarriage and resilience according to their gender and school grades so that the relation between children's resilience and the perception for parents' divorce and remarriage could be established theoretically, practically and educationally. The subjects were 537 elementary school students who were in 4, 5, 6 grades, The data was collected by a self-administered socio-demographics and children's perceptions for divorce remarriage and resilience. The data from this research were analyzed by using SAS program. The results were as following: 1. The female students had the positive perceptions about divorce even if there was no statistical significant differences in the perception between male and female students, and the more optimistic ideas towards divorce also apply to the higher grade students rather than the lower grade ones. 2. The female students showed more positive perceptions for remarriage more than the male did. There was no statistical significant difference in the general idea about remarriage according to the school grades, but in terms of the absence of children and the financial status, the statistical significant differences existed. 3. The students' resilience was higher in the females rather than in the males and became lower with the grade. 4. There were no relations between divorce remarriage and children's resilience degrees. As mentioned above, the students' perceptions for divorce remarriage and resilience expressed differently according to genders and school grades. The result of this study can be used for the counseling and developing the programs for the families which experience divorce and remarriage.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.69-84
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• 2001

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between self-concept and clothing behavior of elementary school children. For this purpose. 301 third and sixth graders two schools in Daegu-city were sampled. The \`Test of Self-Concept\` and \`Questionnaire on the Clothing Behavior\` were administered purpose of this study. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC Windows programs according to the research issues. Means and standard deviations were calculated and a three-way analysis of variance was applied to analyze the effects of grades, sex(gender) and self-concept on the clothing behavior. The major results of this study were as follows: 1. It was found that the mean score of the clothing behavior was significantly different depending the level of self-concept (group). The mean scores of manageability. psychological dependency interest and conformity of the high self-concept. group were significantly higher than those of the low self-concept group. But. there was no significant difference between the high and low self-concept groups in the mean score of comformity. 2. There were statistically significant differences between the sex of children in the mean score of the clothing behavior. It was found that the mean score of manageability, psychological dependency and interest of the female students were significantly higher than those of the male students. However the mean score of the comfortability of male students was significantly higher than that of the female students. In the meantime there was no significant difference between the sex of students in the mean score of comformity. 3. There were statistically significant differences in the mean score of the clothing behavior according to the graders of children . It was found that the mean scores of manageability, psychological dependency, interest and comfortability of the third graders were significantly higher those that of the sixth graders. But, there was no significant difference depending the grades of students in the mean score of conformity. 4. There were statistically significant interaction effects between the sex and the grade of children on the mean score of interest and comfortability. It was found that the mean score of interest of male third graders was higher than that of male sixth graders. The mean score of comfortability of the female third graders higher than that of sixth graders.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.216-225
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find out the differences (if any) and the causes of preferences for science between elementary school boys and girls. Another purpose of this study is to find out when such differences in preference begin and what their causes we. Fourth, fifth and sixth grades from elementary school A in Gyeongg-gi Province participated twice in research surveys on preference levels in science with education, career course and personal experience taken into account. A total of 997 survey responses, (excluding no responses or half-hearted ones) were selected for comparative analysis. The analysis methods used were frequency analysis, cross stabs and one-way ANOVA Analysis which depended on survey items. The results of this study show that preference levels in science are 61.7% and the difference of preference levels in science between boys and girls are 31.2% and 30.5% with boys showing higher percentages in science preference levels than girls(p<.01). Moreover, the results also show that the point in which changes in preference level in science emerges is from fifth and sixth grades. Therefore, the gender difference in preference levels in science begins with fifth grade students, with science being slightly more favored by boys. finally, the main causes in gender differences seems to be the experiment participants' levels, scientific education textbook preference level, interests in science class, and plans for the future that are related to field of science. Among these causes, interests level in science class and preference levels in science are closely related.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.285-300
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• 2001

In order to provide basic data for developing problematic drinking prevention program through the investigation of the knowledge and attitude on drinking of the elementary students, a survey was conducted covering 630 fourth, fifth, and sixth graders in 5 elementary schools, in Seoul. Data was collected by using structured questionnaire. The results of the survey analysis were as follows : 1. Among the students under inquiry, $55.4\%$ answered they had the experience of drinking and $1.9\%$ of them enjoy the drinking. 2. The degree of drinking-related knowledge of respondents were 8.41point with the highest score being 13. The score were significantly higher in the students with good school record and higher mothers' educational level than those of other group. 3. With respect to the attitude of students toward adults' drinking, $54.8\%$ responded that inebriated adults in the bus or subway cause inconvenience to others. Students who maintain good school grades, are satisfied with school lives, whose fathers have high educational background or who receive great attention from parents showed more negative and strict attitude toward adults' intoxicated appearance. Concerning the drinking at home, $51.6\%$ of respondents said they hope that adults do not drink at home. Students who have experience of drinking and whose parents drink revealed more generous attitude toward adults' drinking at home than those who do not. With regard to the drinking of friends or senior students, $55.0\%$ of students said they try to stop the drinking. Respondents with no experience of drinking were more generous toward the drinking of friends and colleagues than those who drank before. Students who are in low graded. maintain high school marks, face no problems in school life or receive great attention from parents demonstrated greater disapproval of drinking. Most respondents$(65.3\%)$ said they were not interested in the scene of drinking in mass media. Those having experience of drinking or parents who drink showed more tolerant attitude toward drinking in mass media than those who do not. Students who are in low grades, face many problems in school life or receive small attention from parents showed greater tendency to find the scene of drinking attractive. 4. The more knowledge they get, the more rigid view they had in drinking.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.358-369
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• 2015

본 연구는 초등학교 고학년 학생의 음주 및 흡연 경험, 인터넷 중독 정도를 파악하고, 이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하기 위한 조사연구로, 경기도 G시 소재 3개 초등학교에 재학 중인 5, 6학년 학생 1,061명을 대상으로 시행되었다. 연구결과 초등학생의 음주 및 흡연 경험, 인터넷 중독은 각각 22,7%, 2.9%, 4.2%이었다. 음주 및 흡연 경험, 인터넷 중독에 공통적인 영향 요인으로 성별과 공격성이 가장 중요한 요인이었으며, 음주경험은 친구지지와 가족지지, 흡연경험은 학년, 인터넷 중독은 친구지지와 교사지지가 영향 요인이었다. 즉, 남학생이고, 공격성이 높을수록 음주 및 흡연경험, 인터넷 중독 위험은 높았으며, 친구지지가 높을수록 음주경험 위험은 높고, 가족지지가 높을수록 음주경험의 위험은 낮았으며, 5학년에서 흡연경험의 위험이 높고, 친구지지, 교사지지가 높을수록 인터넷 중독의 위험은 낮았다. 결론적으로 초등학생의 음주 및 흡연 시작, 인터넷 중독을 예방하기 위해서는 남학생에 초점을 두고, 공격성 조절과 친구, 가족 등의 사회적 지지를 강화하는 중재 전략이 필요하다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.542-550
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• 2004

This study was aimed for examining the changes of eating habit and behavior according to the degree of stress of elementary school students. It was tried to identify their daily stress levels and their relevances with the changes of their eating habits and behaviosr. The subjects were 500 students from fifth and sixth grades in three elementary schools in Seoul. The students surveyed showed to get moderately stressed in general. The stress level of girls were higher than that of boys(p<0.001) in the individual area. The breakfast ratio of the low stressed group(LS) marked higher(p<0.001) than those of both the middle-(MS) and highly-stressed group(HS). In other words, the LS group had regular breakfast. The main reason why they were skipping breakfast was lack of time. The amount of a meal in the HS group was noticeably bigger than the other two groups(p<0.05) and the amount of salt and spices used was higher(p<0.01). The amount of food taken when they got stressed was increased remarkably higher in the HS group and students in that group had snacks as the way of relieving the stress. The HS group displayed higher ratio of the unbalanced diet habit. There were noticeable differences in the eating habit and behavior, i.e. the amount of meals, of salt used and whether eating breakfast or not, in accordance of the levels of stress.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.71-87
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 성별, 학교급별, 계열별로 청소년의 인터넷 과다 사용에 영향을 미치는 개인, 부모 및 가족관련 변인을 파악하였다. 창원시 소재 청소년들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 총 480부가 분석에 사용되었다. 자료분석 방법으로는 중다회귀 분석을 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 남학생 집단은 채팅과 온라인 게임을 많이 할수록, 자기통제력이 적을수록, 스트레스를 많이 받을수록 인터넷 사용이 많았고, 여학생 집단은 온라인 게임과 음란물 또는 성인관련 사이트를 많이 접할수록 인터넷 사용이 많았다. 2 중학생 집단은 온라인 게임과 프로그램 및 MP3파일 다운로드를 많이 할수록, 자가통제력과 부모의 규칙설정이 적을수록 인터넷 사용이 많았고, 고등학생 집단은 전자우편을 적게 사용할수록, 온라인 게임과 동호회/클럽활동을 많이 할수록, 자기통제력이 적을수록, 부의 인터넷 사용능력이 높을수록, 부모의 감독통제가 많을수록 인터넷 사용이 많았다. 3 인문계 고등학생 집단은 친한 친구 수가 적을수록, 전자우편을 적게 사용할수록, 온라인 게임과 동호회/클럽활동을 많이 할수록, 음란물 또는 성인관련 사이트를 많이 접할수록, 자기통제력과 모의 인터넷 사용능력이 적을수록 인터넷 사용이 많았고, 실업계 고등학생 집단은 학교성적이 높을수록, 온라인 게임을 많이 할수록, 자기통제력이 적을수록, 스트레스를 많이 받을수록, 부의 인터넷 사용능력과 부모의 감독통제가 높을수록 인터넷 사용이 많아지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.608-617
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• 2006

This study compared the food habits and attitudes towards dietary life culture in types of feeding management, gender and grade. The subjects were 352 elementary school students who lived in Seocheon, Chungnam. The independently managed school students were better than jointly managed school students in food habits (p<0.05). In skipping school meals, upper grade students were skipped more than lower grade students (p<0.05). In rate of eating school meals, boys were faster than girls (p<0.001). The independently managed school students and the jointly managed school students were different on distasteful food. Boys disliked vegetables and girls disliked cereals and beans (p<0.05). Upper grade students ate more well-balanced meals than lower grade students (p<0.05). As for the question 'what you will do if the distasteful foods are provided through school meals', they responded. the highest percent of students, 'I will try once or twice'. And the response 'I have them for health' was higher independently in managed school students than the jointly managed school students (p<0.05), girls than boy (p<0.05), and the lower grades than the upper grades (p<0.05). As for the question 'what you will do if the distasteful foods are provided, after the guide for school meals was performed', the response, 'I will make an effort to have it' accounted for the highest percents, and there were differences in lower grade students who were high percents than upper grade students (p<0.01). As for the recognition for unbalanced diets, most of the students recognized that it is a 'bad habit'; the girl students accounted for more percentage than boys (p<0.05). The criterion of food choice were different in gender and grade (p<0.01). As for the factor of influences for the food habits formation, lower grade students were 'school education' and upper grade students were 'parents' (p<0.05). Thus, the systematic guide for proper intakes of nutrition should be performed. Also, the time when students can be educated by an expert of nutritional education, which is connected with school meals and students can grow healthily.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권5호특별호
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• pp.531-538
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• 2005

The primary purpose of the study was to investigate the degree of difficulty and the causes of the difficulties in science instruction reported by elementary teachers and students. The secondary purpose was to suggest the effective methods to both of them to improve the efficiency of science instruction. For this study, the survey was carried out on 322 students and 156 teachers in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades. The questionnaires consisted of interest, difficulty and its factors. The results of this investigation are summarized as follows; 1. Teachers had relatively higher interest than students in science instruction content(textbook). Furthermore, the units that teachers showed interest differed from those that students had. This means that there is a significant difference of interest in instruction process between teachers and students. 2. Teachers felt much higher difficulty than students in the content of science instruction. This shows that the degree of interest might have little relation with that of difficulty, and that teaching of science seemed more difficult than teaming. Moreover, there was a difference of difficulty in the units between the teachers and students. The result shows a distinctive difference of difficulty in 8 units of the 3rd grade, 9 units n the 4th grade, and 12 units in the 5th grade (p<.05, p<.001, p<.005, respectively). It means that the difficulty depended on the units. 3. Students responded that they are responsible for difficulty factors of teaming, otherwise teachers thought that students are responsible for it, when the factors were divided into student factor, teacher factor, and curriculum factor. 4. Students demanded many experiments in the lab as well as easy and interesting instructions in order to reduce the degree of difficulty and to improve the condition of science instructions. However, teachers demanded the expansion of experimental equipments and materials as well as the improvement of the lab condition.