• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of air-borne microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, gram negative bacteria (GNB), endotoxins, and respirable suspended particles (RSPs), and their correlation with environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels) in duck houses. The mean concentrations of bacteria, fungi, and GNB were very high (> $10^6\;CFU/m^3$), and endotoxin levels exceeded $10^3\;EU/m^3$. Among the various work stages, in the task of receiving ducks, bacteria were $6.2{\times}10^6;CFU/m^3$, and GNB were $5.4{\times}10^6\;CFU/m^3$, while RSPs levels were $397.6\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and endotoxin levels were $47.2{\times}10^3\;EU/m^3$ in the task of dividing the ducks, and fungi were $4.9{\times}10^6\;CFU/m^3$ in the task of shipping the ducks. The concentrations of RSPs and endotoxins were significantly higher in tasks involving greater movement of ducks in the house, relative to tasks involving little movement of ducks (p<0.05). Further, with progression in growth of the ducks, the concentrations of bacteria, GNB, endotoxins, and RSPs were significantly increased. There was significant correlation between levels of GNB with bacteria (r=0.75) and fungi (r=0.86), endotoxins with RSPs (r=0.75), bacteria with fungi (r=0.39), and carbon dioxide with RSPs (r=0.38), bacteria (r=0.33), and endotoxins (r=0.31). These results suggest considerable respiratory hazard for farmers in these environments.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.2 s.95
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• pp.104-114
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• 2007

This study evaluated the airborne concentrations of bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi in waiting rooms, wards, and outdoors, according to time and particle size between October 17 and November 28, 2003. The geometric mean number of airborne bacteria was highest in the morning. The more people there were, the higher was the total bacteria concentration. The concentration of fungi was also highest in the morning. Temperature and relative humidity affected the concentrations of fungi significantly (p<0.05). This study found relationships between microorganism concentrations and (actors such as time, place, temperature, humidity, ventilation, and number of people. Therefore, to manage the pollution resulting from airborne microorganisms, each time, place, and environmental factor should be examined periodically, and the number, size, and movement of airborne microorganisms should be evaluated.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2012

In the present study, an attempt to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of fungal endophytes inhabiting $Emblica$ $officinalis$ has been made keeping in view the medicinal importance of the selected host plant in Indian traditional practices. A total of four endophytic fungi belonging to Phylum Ascomycetes were isolated from different parts of the plant which were characterized morphologically and by using rDNA-internal transcribed spacer. The most frequently isolated endophyte was $Phomopsis$ sp. The antioxidant activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay, and total phenol were evaluated using ethanolic extract of endophytic fungi. DPPH activities in all the ethanolic extract increased with the increase in concentrations. Endophytes, $Phomopsis$ sp. and $Xylaria$ sp. showed highest antioxidant activity and also had the higher levels of phenolics. Antimicrobial activity of fungal extract were tested against four bacteria namely, $Escherichia$ $coli$ MTCC730, $Enteroccocus$ $faecalis$ MTCC2729, $Salmonella$ $enterica$ ser. $paratyphi$ MTCC735 and $Streptococcus$ $pyogenes$ MTCC1925, and the fungus $Candida$ $albicans$ MTCC183. In general, the fungal extracts inhibited the growth of test organisms except $E.$ $coli$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 1992

The ecological distribution of endomycorrhizas in evergreen woody species native to the evergreen forest ecosystem of Tadohae-haesang National Park in southern Korea in February, 1989 was studied. The abundance and diversity of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi were also determined. The spore densities ranged from 14 to 326 per 100 g of soil. Most of the spores of mycorrhizal fungi collected from 25 soil samples belonged to the genera Glomus and Gigaspora. The frequency and number of spores in Camellia japonica varied with location. Spores belonging to the genus Gigaspora were not found in Camellia japonica in Yesongri evergreen forests adjacent to the sea. Glomus sp. was the major constituent of the spore assemblage at this site. The most abundant species in Camellia japonica in the Yesongri evergreen forests in Pogildo was Glomus borealis. In the soil of a mountain at Buwhangri, in the central location of the island at an elevation of 250 m, Gigaspora sp. was present and Glomus sp. was a major constituent of the spore assemblage. In the urban area of Haenam spore densities were much higher than in the Pogildo area. The most abundant species in Camellia japonica in the urban area of Haenam was Gigaspora sp..

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.500-508
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• 1999

Several white-rot fungi collected from the mountains of Korea were evaluated for their ability to decolorize azo, polymeric, and reactive dyes. Strains CJ-105, CJ-212 and CJ-315, identified as Trametes sp., Pleurotus sp. and Fomes sp., respectively, showed higher potential for decolorization of those dyes in either solid or liquid media. For Trametes sp. CJ-105, 100ppm of Remazol Brilliant blue R and 500ppm of Acid Red 264 were completely decolorized after 2 days under liquid culture. The dominating ligninolytic enzyme existing in the culture broth was laccase (E.C. 1.10.3.2). Also, Pleurotus sp. CJ-212 and Fomes sp. CJ-315 showed similar patterns in decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Acid Red 264. The extent of decolorization of the dyes in liquid culture was found to be proportional to the activities of the ligninolytic of decolorization of the dyes in liquid culture was found to be proportional to the activities of the ligninolytic enzymes produced by each strain. In addition to that Trametes sp. CJ-105 was highly effective in degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pentachlorophenol by the activity of the ligninolytic enzymes produced. In this study, we found that white-rot fungi, Trametes sp. CJ-105(KFCC 10941), Pleurotus sp. CJ-212(KFCC 10943) and Fomes sp. CJ-315(KFCC 10942), were effective in decolorizing a wide range of structurally different synthetic dyes, as well as some chemical compounds which are known to be hardly degradable.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2013

The Genus Cis Latreille known as fungivorous ciids is taxonomically reviewed for the first time from Korea. Six unrecorded species - Cis boleti (Scopoli, 1763); Cis seriatopilosus Motschulsky, 1861; Cis mikagensis Nobuchi & Wada, 1955; Cis jezoensis Nobuchi, 1960; Cis sasajii Kawanabe, 2001; Cis hieroglyphicus Reitter, 1877- are present. All of Cis members are associated with the fruiting body of higher fungi. The author provides the taxonomical information and the ecological information on the host fungi of the Korean Cis species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.335-342
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• 2007

The objective of the study is to investigate the distribution patterns of airborne bacteria and fungi in the feedstuff manufacture factory. The mean levels of airborne bacteria and fungi in the feedstuff manufacture factory were $113({\pm}18)cfu/m^3$ and $89({\pm}5)cfu/m^3$ for pelleting process and $198({\pm}5)cfu/m^3$ and $124({\pm}12)cfu/m^3$ for powdering process, respectively. The percentage of respirable and total concentration of airborne bacteria and fungi in the feedstuff manufacture factory ranged from 60% to 90% and were higher in pelleting process than powdering process. The ratio of indoor and outdoor airborne microorganism exceeded 1.0 regardless of types of feedstuff manufacture process. Based on the result of the study, there would be an association between environmental factors such as relative humidity and carbon dioxide and airborne microorganism's bioactivity.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2000

An antifungal bacterium was isolated to inhibit of the growth of Asp. flavus and Asp. parasiticus, and its antifungal compounds were purified from lyophilized culture broth using chromatographic methods. Antifungal bacterium #19 which was shown a higher inhibitory activity on the growth of aflatoxin producing fungi was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The purified antifungal compound(1 mg) was demonstrated strong antifungal activity against the aflatoxin producing fungi.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.211-216
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• 2012

Quantification of the airborne microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) at a swine wastewater treatment plant was performed. Microbial samples were collected at three different phases of the treatment process over a 1-yr period. Cultivation methods based on the viable counts of mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria and fungi were performed. The concentrations of airborne bacteria ranged up to about $5{\times}10^3$ colony-forming unit (CFU)/$m^3$, and those of airborne fungi ranged up to about $9{\times}10^2CFU/m^3$. The primary treatment (e.g., screen, grit removal, and primary sedimentation) was found to be the major source of airborne microorganisms at the site studied, and higher levels of airborne bacteria and fungi were observed in summer. High levels of the respirable bioaerosol (0.65 to $4.7{\mu}m$ in size) were detected in the aeration phase. Among the environmental factors studied, temperature was strongly associated with fungal aerosol generation (with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.90 and p-value <0.01). Occupational biorisks are discussed based on the observed field data.

• Journal of Mycology and Infection
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.105-110
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• 2018

Background: Otomycosis is a fungal infection that comprises 7~10% of outer ear infections. Although the occurrence is higher in humid climates, relatively few studies have investigated otomycosis occurrences in humid environments. While recurrent chronic otitis media discharge in the ear creates a milieu in which otomycosis is likely to occur, investigations of otomycosis co-occurring with chronic otitis media have been rare. Objective: To examine the characteristics of patients with otomycosis co-occurring with chronic otitis media and identify causative fungi. Methods: The study included 60 patients with chronic otitis media who presented typical otomycosis findings in the outer ear canal and the presence of fungi. Patients were treated in the department of otolaryngology, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, between July 2011 and June 2018. Results: The mean patient age was 57.77 years, and our study included 20 men and 40 women (p=0.010). The lesion was on the right in 39 patients and on the left in 21 (p=0.020). Ear discharge was the most common chief complaint at diagnosis. Of the 54 patients over age 19, 10 had diabetes (18.5%). Aspergillus was causative in 29 patients and Candida in 31. Aspergillus niger was identified in 15 patients, Aspergillus sp. in 14, Candida parapsilosis in 12, Candida sp. in six, and Candida albicans in five. Conclusion: Otomycosis and chronic otitis media co-occurrences increase with age. The Aspergillus and Candida genera were similar in proportion. A. niger was the most common Aspergillus species, while C. parapsilosis was the most common Candida.