• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine (1) the influence of the word-prediction function on the sentence generation speed and (2) the necessity, convenience, and satisfaction of the word-prediction function of the AAC keyboard. A total of 10 adults with cerebral palsy participated and the word-prediction function of the Korean high-tech AAC device called "MyTalkie Smart" keyboard was used for this study. Participants were required to generate sentence as voice outputs using a word-prediction function and letters direct-input function respectively, then they were required to evaluate the necessity, convenience, and satisfaction using a five-point Likert scale. Other user requirements were examined using a free feedback. The results of this study presented that the sentence generation speeds were faster when participants used a word-prediction function than using a letters direct-input function. However, there was no statistically significant difference between these two input methods, and it might be due to the lack of time to practice the new device. Participants showed positive responses for the necessity, convenience, and satisfaction of the word-prediction function.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.589-598
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• 2009

As mobile devices become multi-functional, and converge into a single platform, there is a strong need for a codec that is able to provide consistent quality for speech and music content MPEG-D USAC standardization activities started at the 82nd MPEG meeting with a CfP and approved WD3 at the 88th MPEG meeting. MPEG-D USAC is converged technology of AMR-WB+ and HE-AAC V2. Specifically, USAC utilizes three core codecs (AAC ACELP and TCX) for low frequency regions, SBR for high frequency regions and the MPEG Surround tool for stereo information. USAC can provide consistent sound quality for both speech and music content and can be applied to various applications such as multi-media download to mobile device Digital radio Mobile TV and audio books.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2009

In audio coding, SBR technology synthesizes the high-bands using patched time-frequency information from low-bands and the correction parameters, Since SBR transmits only correction parameters for high-bands, it provides a low-rate coding of high-bands, and is used as a core module of MPEG-4 HE-AAC, SBR was originally designed for audio signal and its performance for speech signal tends to decrease, and the major reason is an excessive noise floor in high-bands which is caused by incorrect tonality computation, In this paper, a new method to determine noise floor level in an adaptive fashion according to the speech characteristics is proposed in order to solve the problem of SBR for speech signal, The proposed method maintains the compatibility with the standard SBR, and the subjective performance evaluation shows that the proposed method improves the SBR performance especially for male speech signal compared with the standard SBR.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.112-117
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• 2007

This paper presents specialized DSP instructions and their hardware architecture for audio coding algorithms, such as the MPEG-2/4 Advanced Audio Coding(AAC), Dolby AC-3, MPEG-2 Backward Compatible(BC), etc. The proposed architecture is specially designed and optimized for the MDCT/IMDCT(Inverse Modified Discrete Cosine Transform), and Huffman decoding of the AAC decoding algorithm. Performance comparisons show a significant improvement compared with TMS320C62x and ASDSP21060 for the MDCT/IMDCT computation. In addition, the dedicated Huffman decoding accelerator performs decoding and preparing operand in only one cycle. The proposed DPU(Data Processing Unit) consists of 107,860 gates and achieves 150 MIPS.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 2012

Acinetobacter infections are of great concern in clinical settings because of multi-drug resistance (MDR) and high mortality of the infected patients. The MDR Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a significant infectious agent in hospitals worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine for molecular characterization of MDR A. baumannii clinical isolates obtained from the Wonju Christian Hospital in Gangwon province of Korea. A total of seventy nonduplicate A. baumannii isolates were collected from the Wonju Christian Hospital in Korea from March to April in 2011. All of the MDR A. baumannii isolates were encoded by $bla_{OXA-23-like}$ gene and all isolates with the $bla_{OXA-23-like}$ gene had the upstream element ISAba1 to promote increased gene expression and subsequent resistance to carbapenem. 16S rRNA methylase gene (armA) was detected in 44 clinical isolates which were resistant to amikacin, and phosphotransferase genes encoding aac(3)-Ia and aac(6')-Ib were the most prevalent. A combination of 16S rRNA methylase and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes (armA, aac(3)-Ia, aac(6')-Ib, and aph(3')-Ia) were found in 31 isolates. The sequencing results for the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC revealed the presence of Ser (TCA) 83 Leu (TTA) and Ser (TCG) 80 Leu (TTG) substitutions in the respective enzymes for all MDR. Molecular typing for MDR A. baumannii could be helpful in confirming the identification of a common source or cross-contamination. This is an important step in enabling epidemiological tracing of these strains.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.08c
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• pp.477-481
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• 2004

High Quality CD, OAT audio requires that large amount of data. Currently, multi channel preference has been rapidly propagated among latest users. The MPEG(Moving Picture Expert Group) is provides data compression technology of sound and image system. The MPEG standard provides multi channel and 5.1 sounds, using the same audio algorithm as MPEG-l. And MPEG-2 audio is forward and backward compatible. The MDCT (Modified Discrete Cosine Transform) is a linear orthogonal lapped transform based on the idea of TDAC(Time Domain Aliasing Cancellation). In this paper, we proposed the micro-program type vector processor architecture a benefit in MDCT/IMDCT of MPEG-II AAC. And it's reduced operating coefficient by overlapped area to bind. To compare original algorithm with optimized algorithm that cosine coefficient reduced $0.5\%$multiply operating $0.098\%$ and add operating 80.58\%$. Algorithm test is used C-language then we designed hardware architecture of micro-programmed method that applied to optimized algorithm. This processor is 20MHz operation 5V.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.11A no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 2004

Generally, as for the multimedia high quality contents, an illegality facsimile is possible without a damage of a quality. Also a distribution of contents duplicated illegality in an Internet is giving a great economic loss to digital contents provider. Therefore, a study for security and efficient distribution of digital contents is required. The most important issues in a design of digital contents distribution system are a user convenience, an execution speed and a security. In this study, we designed digital contents distribution system that used a web caching technology and an encryption/decryption technique on hierarchical structure. The proposed system was the digital contents distribution system that improved a security and execution speed, a convenience of a user. Also it verified performance superiority of a proposed system by an examination.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.128-135
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• 2012

Autoclaved lightweight concrete, also known as autoclaved aerated concrete(AAC) or autoclaved cellular concrete (ACC), is made with fine silica powder, quik lime, cement, and an Al powder. ALC contains 70~80% air. The lightweight material offers excellent sound and thermal insulation, and like all cement-based materials, is strong and fire resistant. However, ALC have high water absorption, low compressive strength and popout the origin of the low surface strength in its properties. These properties make troubles under construction such as cracking and popout. Thus, this study is to improve the fundamental strength by controls of increasing of admixtures, gypsum and silica powder size. Admixtures make use of metakaolin and silica fume. From the test result, the ALC using admixture have a good fundamental properties compared with plain ALC. Compressive strength, specific strength and abrasion's ratio were improved depending on increasing admixtures ratio's, gypsum and silica powder size.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.352-358
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enterococci in cheese samples and to characterize their antimicrobial resistance profiles as well as the associated resistance genes. A total of 139 enterococci were isolated from 99 cheese samples, the isolates were identified as E. faecalis (61.2%), E. faecium (15.1%), E. gallinarum (12.9%), E. durans (5.0%), E. casseliflavis (2.9%) and E. avium (2.9%). The most frequent antimicrobial resistance observed in enterococci isolates was to lincomycin (88.5%), followed by kanamycin (84.2%), gentamycin (low level, 51.1%), rifampin (46.8%) and tetracycline (33.8%). Among the isolates, the frequencies of high level gentamycin and streptomycin resistant enterococci strains were 2.2% and 5.8%, respectively. Apart from the mentioned antibiotics, low levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol were found. Moreover no resistance was observed against penicillin and ampicillin. The antimicrobial resistance genes including tetM, tetL, ermB, cat, aph(3’)-IIIa, ant(6)-Ia and aac(6’)-Ieaph(2”)-Ia were found in enterococci from Turkish cheese samples. In the current study, we provided data for antibiotic resistance and the occurrence of resistance genes among enterococci. Regulatory and quality control programs for milk and other dairy products from farms to retail outlets has to be established and strengthened to monitor trends in antimicrobial resistance among emerging food borne pathogens in Turkey.